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LLM Knows Geometry Better than Algebra: Numerical Understanding of LLM-Based Agents in A Trading Arena

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Ma, Tianmi Du, Jiawei Huang, Wenxin Wang, Wenjie Xie, Liang Zhong, Xian Zhou, Joey Tianyi Hubei Key Laboratory of Transportation Internet of Things Wuhan University of Technology China Hubei Key Laboratory of Big Data Intelligent Analysis and Application Hubei University China Centre for Frontier AI Research Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore School of Computing National University of Singapore Singapore School of Science Wuhan University of Technology China

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved performance in natural language processing tasks. However, their ability to generalize to dynamic, unseen tasks, particularly in numerical reasoning, remains a challenge. Existing benchmarks mainly evaluate LLMs on problems with predefined optimal solutions, which may not align with real-world scenarios where clear answers are absent. To bridge this gap, we design the Agent Trading Arena, a virtual numerical game simulating complex economic systems through zero-sum games, where agents invest in stock portfolios. Our experiments reveal that LLMs, including GPT-4o, struggle with algebraic reasoning when dealing with plain-text stock data, often focusing on local details rather than global trends. In contrast, LLMs perform significantly better with geometric reasoning when presented with visual data, such as scatter plots or K-line charts, suggesting that visual representations enhance numerical reasoning. This capability is further improved by incorporating the reflection module, which aids in the analysis and interpretation of complex data. We validate our findings on NASDAQ STOCK dataset, where LLMs demonstrate stronger reasoning with visual data compared to text. Our code and data are publicly available at https://***/wekjsdvnm/***. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Natural language processing systems

Single-cell omics: experimental workflow, data analyses and applications

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science China(Life sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 5-102页

作者： Fengying Sun Haoyan Li Dongqing Sun Shaliu Fu Lei Gu Xin Shao Qinqin Wang Xin Dong Bin Duan Feiyang Xing Jun Wu Minmin Xiao Fangqing Zhao Jing-Dong J.Han Qi Liu Xiaohui Fan Chen Li Chenfei Wang Tieliu Shi Department of Clinical Laboratory the Affiliated Wuhu Hospital of East China Normal University(The Second People’s Hospital of Wuhu City)Wuhu 241000China Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration(Tongji University) Ministry of EducationOrthopaedic DepartmentTongji HospitalBioinformatics DepartmentSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai 200082China Frontier Science Center for Stem Cells School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine Shanghai East HospitalBioinformatics DepartmentSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai 200082China Research Institute of Intelligent Computing Zhejiang LabHangzhou 311121China Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Shanghai 201210China Center for Single-cell Omics School of Public HealthShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization Innovation Center of Yangtze River DeltaZhejiang UniversityJiaxing 314103China Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biologythe Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Beijing Institutes of Life Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesCenter for Quantitative Biology(CQB)Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases Women’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310006China Key Laboratory of Advanced Theory and Application in Statistics and Data Science-MOE School of StatisticsEast China Normal U

Cells are the fundamental units of biological systems and exhibit unique development trajectories and molecular *** exploration of how the genomes orchestrate the formation and maintenance of each cell,and control the cellular phenotypes of various organismsis,is both captivating and *** the inception of the first single-cell RNA technology,technologies related to single-cell sequencing have experienced rapid advancements in recent *** technologies have expanded horizontally to include single-cell genome,epigenome,proteome,and metabolome,while vertically,they have progressed to integrate multiple omics data and incorporate additional information such as spatial scRNA-seq and CRISPR ***-cell omics represent a groundbreaking advancement in the biomedical field,offering profound insights into the understanding of complex diseases,including ***,we comprehensively summarize recent advances in single-cell omics technologies,with a specific focus on the methodology *** overview aims to guide researchers in selecting appropriate methods for single-cell sequencing and related data analysis.

关键词： single-cell sequencing genome epigenome proteomics metabolomics multimodal spatial transcriptomics CRISPR screening

Estimation and inference of high-dimensional partially linear regression models with latent factors

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Shi, Yanmei Hao, Meiling Tang, Yanlin Guo, Xu School of Statistics Beijing Normal University Beijing China School of Statistics University of International Business and Economics Beijing China Key Laboratory of Advanced Theory and Application in Statistics and Data Science–MOE School of Statistics East China Normal University Shanghai China

In this paper, we introduce a novel high-dimensional Factor-Adjusted sparse Partially Linear regression Model (FAPLM), to integrate the linear effects of high-dimensional latent factors with the nonparametric effects of low-dimensional covariates. The proposed FAPLM combines the interpretability of linear models, the flexibility of nonparametric models, with the ability to effectively capture the dependencies among high-dimensional covariates. We develop a penalized estimation approach for the model by leveraging B-spline approximations and factor analysis techniques. Theoretical results establish error bounds for the estimators, aligning with the minimax rates of standard Lasso problems. To assess the significance of the linear component, we introduce a factor-adjusted projection debiased procedure and employ the Gaussian multiplier bootstrap method to derive critical values. Theoretical guarantees are provided under regularity conditions. Comprehensive numerical experiments validate the finite-sample performance of the proposed method. Its successful application to a birth weight dataset, the motivating example for this study, highlights both its effectiveness and practical relevance. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Factor analysis

NEUTRASUM: A LANGUAGE MODEL CAN HELP A BALANCED MEDIA DIET BY NEUTRALIZING NEWS SUMMARIES

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Luo, Xi Liu, Junjie Wu, Sirong Deng, Yuhui Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research and Application for Data Science Zhuhai519087 China BNU-HKBU United International College Zhuhai519087 China Faculty of Science Hong Kong Baptist University 999077 Hong Kong Department of Political Science Trinity College Dublin 2 Clare Street Dublin 2 Ireland

Media bias in news articles arises from the political polarisation of media outlets, which can reinforce societal stereotypes and beliefs. Reporting on the same event often varies significantly between outlets, reflecting their political leanings through polarised language and focus. Although previous studies have attempted to generate bias-free summaries from multiperspective news articles, they have not effectively addressed the challenge of mitigating inherent media bias. To address this gap, we propose NeutraSum, a novel framework that integrates two neutrality losses to adjust the semantic space of generated summaries, thus minimising media bias. These losses, designed to balance the semantic distances across polarised inputs and ensure alignment with expert-written summaries, guide the generation of neutral and factually rich summaries. To evaluate media bias, we employ the political compass test, which maps political leanings based on economic and social dimensions. Experimental results on the Allsides dataset demonstrate that NeutraSum not only improves summarisation performance but also achieves significant reductions in media bias, offering a promising approach for neutral news summarisation. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantics

DRL-Based Time-Varying Workload Scheduling With Priority and Resource Awareness

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IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management 2025年

作者： Liu, Qifeng Fan, Qilin Zhang, Xu Li, Xiuhua Wang, Kai Xiong, Qingyu Chongqing University School of Big Data and Software Engineering Chongqing400044 China Chongqing University Key Laboratory of Dependable Service Computing in Cyber Physical Society of Ministry of Education Chongqing400044 China Nanjing University School of Electronic Science and Engineering Nanjing210023 China Haihe Laboratory of Information Technology Application Innovation Tianjin300072 China Harbin Institute of Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Weihai264209 China Shandong Key Laboratory of Industrial Network Security Weihai264209 China

With the proliferation of cloud services and the continuous growth in enterprises' demand for dynamic multi-dimensional resources, the implementation of effective strategy for time-varying workload scheduling has become increasingly significant. In this paper, we propose a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based method for time-varying workload scheduling, aiming to allocate resources efficiently across servers in the cluster. Specifically, we integrate a classifier and queue scorer to construct a priority queue that exploits temporal resource utilization patterns across different workload classes. Then, we design parallel graph attention layers to capture the dimensional features and temporal dynamics of cloud server cluster. Moreover, we propose a DRL algorithm to generate scheduling strategies that can adapt to dynamic environments. Validation on real-world traces from Google cluster demonstrates that our method outperforms existing approaches in key metrics of cloud server cluster management. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Cloud platforms

Pairing phase diagram for electron-doped cuprates in the square-lattice t − U − V Hubbard model

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Cao, Zhangkai Tan, Shuning Liu, Ji Yang, Xiaosen Ying, Tao Tang, Ho-Kin Yip, Cho-Tung School of Science Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen518055 China Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province School of Science Yanshan University Qinhuangdao066004 China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application Shenzhen518055 China Department of Physics Jiangsu University Zhenjiang212013 China School of Physics Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150001 China

Motivated by significant discrepancies between experimental observations of electron-doped cuprates and numerical results of the Hubbard model, we investigate the role of nearest-neighbor (NN) electron interactions V by studying the t− U − V model on square lattices. Upon doping δ= 0.153, by using constrained path quantum Monte Carlo (CPQMC) method, we find that NN electron attraction V can notably drive an exotic p-wave spin-triplet pairing, while the NN electron repulsion V will suppress the dx2−y2-wave (d-wave) pairing and triggers the dxy-wave pairing. Especially in the intermediate coupling regime, as NN repulsion increases, the intensity of dxy-wave pairing also increases, further suppressing the presence of d-wave pairing, which may help explain the notable suppression of d-wave pairing in electron-doped cuprate superconductors. Besides the pairing phase, we also find that the NN electron attraction V has no significant effect on spin density wave (SDW) and charge density wave (CDW), but repulsion V significantly enhanced CDW and suppressed SDW. Our study suggests the t−U −V Hubbard model can serve as the minimal model to capture the essential physics of the electron-doped cuprates. Notably, for V/U ∼ 1/4 − 1/3, the results align more closely with the experimentally observed behavior of electron-doped systems, potentially explaining the shrinkage of d-wave superconductivity region and the decrease of superconducting temperature. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Hubbard model

The GECAM Ground Search System for Gamma-ray Transients

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Cai, Ce Zhang, Yan-Qiu Xiong, Shao-Lin Wang, Ping Li, Jian-Hui Li, Xiao-Bo Li, Cheng-Kui Huang, Yue Zheng, Shi-Jie Song, Li-Ming Xiao, Shuo Yi, Qi-Bin Zhao, Yi Xie, Sheng-Lun Qiao, Rui Du, Yan-Qi Guo, Zhi-Wei Xue, Wang-Chen Zheng, Chao Liu, Jia-Cong Wang, Chen-Wei Tan, Wen-Jun Wang, Yue Zhang, Jin-Peng Li, Chao-Yang Zhao, Guo-Ying Zhao, Xiao-Yun Zhang, Xiao-Lu Zhang, Zhen Peng, Wen-Xi Ma, Xiang Shi, Jing-Yan Guo, Dong-Ya Wang, Jin Li, Xin-Qiao Wen, Xiang-Yang An, Zheng-Hua Zhang, Fan College of Physics Hebei Key Laboratory of Photophysics Research and Application Hebei Normal University Hebei Shijiazhuang050024 China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 19B Yuquan Road Beijing100049 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China School of Physics and Electronic Science Guizhou Normal University Guiyang550001 China Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Data Processing Guizhou Normal University Guiyang550001 China School of Physics and Optoelectronics Xiangtan University Xiangtan411105 China School of Computer and Information Dezhou University Shandong Dezhou253023 China Institute of Astrophysics Central China Normal University Wuhan430079 China

In the era of time-domain, multi-messenger astronomy, the detection of transient events on the high-energy electromagnetic sky has become more important than ever. The Gravitational wave high-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor (GECAM) is a dedicated mission to monitor gamma-ray transients, launched in December, 2020. A real-time on-board trigger and location software, using the traditional signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) method for blind search, is constrained to relatively bright signals due to the limitations in on-board computing resources and the need for real-time search. In this work, we developed a ground-based pipeline for GECAM to search for various transients, especially for weak bursts missed by on-board software. This pipeline includes both automatic and manual mode, offering options for blind search and targeted search. The targeted search is specifically designed to search for interesting weak bursts, such as gravitational wave-associated gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). From the ground search of the data in the first year, GECAM has been triggered by 54 GRBs and other transients, including soft gamma-ray repeaters, X-ray binaries, solar flares, terrestrial gamma-ray flashes. We report the properties of each type of triggers, such as trigger time and light curves. With this search pipeline and assuming a soft Band spectrum, the GRB detection sensitivity of GECAM is increased to about 1.1E-08 erg cm−2 s−1 (10 keV − 1000 keV, burst duration of 20 s). These results demonstrate that the GECAM ground search system (both blind search and targeted search) is a versatile pipeline to recover true astrophysical signals which were too weak to be found in the on-board search. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Photons

Two-party entanglement distribution in XXZ spin chains with the exponential and power-law long-range interactions

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Li, Na Zhao, Yang Ma, Wen-Long Wang, Z.D. Bai, Yan-Kui College of Physics Hebei Key Laboratory of Photophysics Research and Application Hebei Normal University Hebei Shijiazhuang050024 China State Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Physics and Chip Technologies Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100083 China Center of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Department of Physics HK Institute of Quantum Science & Technology Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Great Bay Area 3 Binlang Road Shenzhen518045 China

Entanglement distribution is a fundamental property in quantum many-body physics, but the effect of long-range interactions on the distribution has not been fully understood. Here, we study long-range two-party entanglement (TPE) and explore its distribution properties in XXZ spin chains with the exponential and power-law long-range interactions(ELRIs and PLRIs). In the thermodynamic limit case with the ELRIs, the TPE quantified by two-qubit concurrence decays exponentially along with two-site distance and the long-range concurrences can indicate the paramagnetic-ferromagnetic phase transition. We present a fine-grained entanglement distribution relations among the entanglement truncation length, total concurrences and two-tangles in the infinite spin chains. Moreover, in the finite XXZ chain with the more common PLRIs, the TPE decays algebraically along with the two-spin distance, and the total concurrence can exhibit a piecewise function with respect to total two-tangles. These new presented TPE distribution relations can be regarded as the generalization of Koashi-Bužek- and-Imoto bound for the long-range quantum models, and have potential applications in quantum information processing. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Quantum entanglement

A Moving Mesh Isogeometric Method Based on Harmonic Maps

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Wang, Tao Meng, Xucheng Zhang, Ran Hu, Guanghui School of Mathematics Jilin University Changchun China Research Center for Mathematics Beijing Normal University Zhuhai China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research and Application for Data Science BNU-HKBU United International College Zhuhai China State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City Department of Mathematics University of Macau China Zhuhai UM Science and Technology Research Institute Zhuhai China

Although the isogeometric analysis has shown its great potential in achieving highly accurate numerical solutions of partial differential equations, its efficiency is the main factor making the method more competitive in practical simulations. In this paper, an integration of isogeometric analysis and a moving mesh method is proposed, providing a competitive approach to resolve the efficiency issue. Focusing on the Poisson equation, the implementation of the algorithm and related numerical analysis are presented in detail, including the numerical discretization of the governing equation utilizing isogeometric analysis, and a mesh redistribution technique developed via harmonic maps. It is found that the isogeometric analysis brings attractive features in the realization of moving mesh method, such as it provides an accurate expression for moving direction of mesh nodes, and allows for more choices for constructing monitor functions. Through a series of numerical experiments, the effectiveness of the proposed method is successfully validated and the potential of the method towards the practical application is also well presented with the simulation of a helium atom in Kohn–Sham density functional theory. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Density functional theory