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International Conference on Networking and Network Applications (NaNA)

作者： Hongbin Zhang Yikang Bai Dongmei Zhao Bin Liu Ying Xu Hebei University of Science and Technology School of Information Science and Engineering Shijiazhuang China Hebei Key Laboratory of Network and Information Security Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang China School of Economics and Management Research Center of Big Data and Social Computing Shijiazhuang China

It is a challenge to monitor the network security state in a large-scale network environment because the selection of situation assessment indicators is overrun by massive observational information. To address this issue, this paper proposes a network security situational assessment model based on a reduced indicator system. The model categorises the characteristics of network assets and threats into endogenous situational factors and exogenous situational factors. By applying the multi-label extremely random tree algorithm to select the importance of network features, a reduced indicator system with independence and strong comprehensiveness is established. Additionally, the weights of the reduced indicator system are calculated using an improved analytical hierarchy process, which yields the evaluation results for network security situations. The experimental results show that the model improves the accuracy and timeliness of the situation assessment model, and the method can reflect the network situation in real time.

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Graph transformer-convolution network for graph classification

Graph transformer-convolution network for graph classificati...

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2021 International Conference on Green Communication, Network, and Internet of Things, GCNIoT 2021

作者： Li, Chengzong Zhai, Rui Zuo, Fang Zhang, Libo Yu, Junyang School of Software Henan University Kaifeng China Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Data Processing Henan University Kaifeng China Henan International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Network Theory and Key Technology Henan University Kaifeng China Subject Innovation and Intelligence Introduction Base of Henan Higher Educational Institution Software Eng. Intelligent Info. Proc. Innov. and Intelligence Introduction Base of Henan University China

ISBN: (数字)9781510650473

ISBN: (纸本)9781510650466

The Transformer has achieved tremendous success in computer vision, natural language processing, and graph representation learning. However, the transformer cannot effectively encode the topology information of the graph into the model, while it is the advantage of the graph convolution network (GCN). Therefore, we propose a model GTGC combining transformer and GCN for graph classification tasks. To this end, we take the result of graph data passing through multi-head self-Attention and feed-forward blocks as the input of the graph convolution module. By increasing the number of neighbors for each node's feature matrix, the nodes with more neighbors are more important in the attention mechanism. We validate the validity of the model on multiple data sets, including social network datasets and bioinformatics datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that our model achieves advanced accuracy © COPYRIGHT SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

关键词： Convolution

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NODLINK: An Online System for Fine-Grained APT Attack Detection and Investigation

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Li, Shaofei Dong, Feng Xiao, Xusheng Wang, Haoyu Shao, Fei Chen, Jiedong Guo, Yao Chen, Xiangqun Li, Ding School of Computer Science Peking University China Arizona State University United States Case Western Reserve University United States Sangfor Technologies Inc. China Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology China

Advanced Persistent Threats (APT) attacks have plagued modern enterprises, causing significant financial losses. To counter these attacks, researchers propose techniques that capture the complex and stealthy scenarios of APT attacks by using provenance graphs to model system entities and their dependencies. Particularly, to accelerate attack detection and reduce financial losses, online provenance-based detection systems that detect and investigate APT attacks under the constraints of timeliness and limited resources are in dire need. Unfortunately, existing online systems usually sacrifice detection granularity to reduce computational complexity and produce provenance graphs with more than 100,000 nodes, posing challenges for security admins to interpret the detection results. In this paper, we design and implement NODLINK, the first online detection system that maintains high detection accuracy without sacrificing detection granularity. Our insight is that the APT attack detection process in online provenance-based detection systems can be modeled as a Steiner Tree Problem (STP), which has efficient online approximation algorithms that recover concise attack-related provenance graphs with a theoretically bounded error. To utilize the frameworks of the STP approximation algorithm for APT attack detection, we propose a novel design of in-memory cache, an efficient attack screening method, and a new STP approximation algorithm that is more efficient than the conventional one in APT attack detection while maintaining the same complexity. We evaluate NODLINK in a production environment. The open-world experiment shows that NODLINK outperforms two state-of-the-art (SOTA) online provenance analysis systems by achieving magnitudes higher detection and investigation accuracy while having the same or higher throughput. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Approximation algorithms

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Unsupervised Temporal Video Grounding with Deep Semantic Clustering

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Liu, Daizong Qu, Xiaoye Wang, Yinzhen Di, Xing Zou, Kai Cheng, Yu Xu, Zichuan Zhou, Pan The Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Electronic Information and Communication Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology ProtagoLabs Inc Microsoft Research Dalian University of Technology

Temporal video grounding (TVG) aims to localize a target segment in a video according to a given sentence query. Though respectable works have made decent achievements in this task, they severely rely on abundant video-query paired data, which is expensive and time-consuming to collect in real-world scenarios. In this paper, we explore whether a video grounding model can be learned without any paired annotations. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first work trying to address TVG in an unsupervised setting. Considering there is no paired supervision, we propose a novel Deep Semantic Clustering Network (DSCNet) to leverage all semantic information from the whole query set to compose the possible activity in each video for grounding. Specifically, we first develop a language semantic mining module, which extracts implicit semantic features from the whole query set. Then, these language semantic features serve as the guidance to compose the activity in video via a video-based semantic aggregation module. Finally, we utilize a foreground attention branch to filter out the redundant background activities and refine the grounding results. To validate the effectiveness of our DSCNet, we conduct experiments on both ActivityNet Captions and Charades-STA datasets. The results demonstrate that DSCNet achieves competitive performance, and even outperforms most weakly-supervised approaches. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantics

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research on long and short-term social recommendation based on convolutional and gated recurrent units

Research on long and short-term social recommendation based ...

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International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS)

作者： Zihe Jia Peng Xue Zhiqiang Dai Qian Gao Xiaomeng Zhang Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Ministry of Education Shandong Computer Science Center Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China Shandong Engineering Research Center of Big Data Applied Technology Faculty of Computer Science and Technology Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Jinan China

The development of the Internet has made people more closely related and has put forward higher requirements for recommendation models. Most recommendation models are studied only for the long-term interests of users. In this paper, the interaction time between the user and the item is introduced as auxiliary information in the model construction. Interaction time is used to determine users’ long-term preferences and short-term preferences. In this paper, temporal features are extracted by building a convolutional gated recurrent unit with attention neural network (CNN-GRU-Attention). Firstly, for the problem of accurate feature extraction, CNN are constructed to extract higher-level and more abstract features of themselves and transform high-dimensional data into low-dimensional data; secondly, for the problem of social temporality, GRU are used to not only extract temporal information, but also effectively reduce gradient dispersion, making model convergence and training easier; finally, Graph Attention networks are used to aggregate the social relationship information of users and items respectively, which constitute the final feature representation of users and items respectively. In particular, a modified cosine similarity is used to reduce the error caused by data insensitivity when constructing the social information of the item. In this study, simulation experiments are conducted on two publicly available datasets (Epinions and Ciao), and the experimental results show that the proposed recommended model performs better than other social recommendation models, improving the evaluation metrics of MAE and RMSE by 1.06%-1.33% and 1.19%-1.37%, respectively. The effectiveness of the model innovation is proved.

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Secure and Privacy-preserving data-sharing Framework based on Blockchain technology for Al-Najaf/Iraq Oil Refinery 19

Secure and Privacy-preserving Data-sharing Framework based o...

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2022 IEEE SmartWorld, 19th IEEE International Conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing, 2022 IEEE International Conference on Autonomous and Trusted Vehicles Conference, 22nd IEEE International Conference on Scalable Computing and Communications, 2022 IEEE International Conference on Digital Twin, 8th IEEE International Conference on Privacy Computing and 2022 IEEE International Conference on Metaverse, SmartWorld/UIC/ATC/ScalCom/DigitalTwin/PriComp/Metaverse 2022

作者： Umran, Samir M. Lu, SongFeng Abduljabbar, Zaid Ameen Lu, Zhi Feng, Bingyan Zheng, Lu Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security School of Cyber Science and Engineering Wuhan430074 China Iraqi Cement State Company Ministry of Industry and Minerals Baghdad10011 Iraq Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute Shenzhen518057 China University of Basrah College of Education for Pure Sciences Iraq Al-Kunooze University College Technical Computer Engineering Department Basrah Iraq Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Cyber Science and Engineering Wuhan430074 China Industrial Internet Research Institute Wuhan Huazhong Numerical Control Co. Ltd Wuhan430074 China South-Central University for Nationalities College of Computer Science Wuhan430074 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350346558

The Industrial Internet of Things or Industry 4.0 efficiently enhances the manufacturing process in terms of raising productivity, system performance, cost reduction, and building large-scale systems. It enables the connection of numerous heterogeneous devices and sensors into the internet network through the utilization of revolutionary techniques that transfer the manufacturing paradigm to intelligent processes. The traditional industrial internet of things adopts centralized architectures and complex encryption algorithms that suffer from several cyber-security threats and lead to data leakage, privacy disclosure, and high computational and communicational costs. In our work, we proposed a decentralized, efficient, low-power, scalable, secure, privacy-preserving, and trusting architecture based on a private blockchain network/smart contract and interplanetary file system technology for the Al-NajafyIraq oil refinery factory. That enables autonomous working and provides a high level of security authentication and privacy preservation, P2P communication, remote access, immutability and information backtracking. Traditional blockchain technology has storage limitation issues, most recent works adopted external servers or the cloud for storage purposes. Our proposed scheme addresses the limitations of blockchain data storage by adopting an interplanetary file system (IPFS) network;provides an efficient data encryption mechanism at the perceptual layer by adopting a lightweight encryption algorithm, high-performance, and ultra-low-power consumption ARM Cortex-M microcontroller. In addition, our architecture succeeds in merging blockchain technology, IoTs, and an IPFS with the oil refinery as an industrial application area. Moreover, it provides an efficient framework that resists common cyber-security attacks and realizes cyber-security requirements represented by data availability, integrity, and confidentiality. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Digital storage

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Estimating Smart Grid Stability with Hybrid RNN+LSTM Deep Learning Approach

Estimating Smart Grid Stability with Hybrid RNN+LSTM Deep Le...

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International Smart Grid Workshop and Certificate Program (ISGWCP)

作者： Saadin Oyucu Şeref Sağıroğlu Ahmet Aksöz Emre Biçer Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering Adıyaman Türkiye Gazi University Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Analytics Security R&D Center Ankara Türkiye Mobilers Team Sivas Cumhuriyet University Sivas Türkiye Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Battery Research Laboratory Sivas University of Science and Technology Sivas Türkiye

ISBN: (数字)9798350361612

ISBN: (纸本)9798350361629

Smart grids are faced with a range of challenges, such as the development of communication infrastructure, cybersecurity threats, data privacy, and the protection of user information, due to their complex structure. Another key challenge faced by smart grids is the stability issues arising from variable energy sources and consumption patterns. In these complex grid systems where energy demand and supply need to be balanced instantly, stability predictions play a significant role in foreseeing potential disruptions and optimizing energy flow. Therefore, within the scope of this study, a hybrid structure utilizing Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks is employed for stability classification to predict grid stability. This hybrid model combines the ability of RNN to recognize relationships between consecutive data points with LSTM’s capability to preserve long-term dependencies. The results obtained indicate that the model exhibited stable performance with accuracy rates of 98.06% and 98.02% at 50 and 100 epochs, respectively. The findings of this study contribute valuable insights to research on the management and stability of smart grids, enabling energy systems to be operated more reliably and efficiently.

关键词： Deep learning data privacy Recurrent neural networks Power system stability Stability analysis data models Smart grids

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Provably Secure Authenticated Key-Management Mechanism for e-Healthcare Environment

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Saleem, Muhammad Asad Li, Xiong Mahmood, Khalid Ghaffar, Zahid Xie, Yong Wang, Guijuan University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Computer Science and Engineering Sichuan Chengdu611731 China National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Graduate School of Intelligent Data Science Yunlin Douliu64002 Taiwan National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Graduate School of Engineering Science and Technology Douliu64002 Taiwan Qinghai Institute of Technology School of Computer and Information Science China Qinghai Provincial Laboratory for Intelligent Computing and Application China Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Jinan250353 China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Network and Information System Security China Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Jinan250353 China

The Internet of Things (IoT) is rapidly permeating all aspects of human life, involving a network of devices that share sensitive data. A notable application is the e-healthcare systems, which employ connected sensors, medical servers, and wearable devices. However, the public nature of communication in e-healthcare systems poses challenges such as security, privacy, and authentication of participating entities. Recently, many authentication protocols have been introduced to address these challenges. However, most of these protocols remain vulnerable to various security attacks, including device or medical server impersonation, denial of service, physical or cloning, and de-synchronization attacks. Therefore, we introduce an authenticated key-management protocol utilizing hash functions and Cipher-Block Chaining-Advanced Encryption Standard encryption (CBC-AES) encryption. The proposed protocol also employs the Physical Unclonable Function (PUF), which makes it more robust and efficient in resisting physical or cloning attacks. Additionally, the proposed scheme resists various security threats, including impersonation, session key leakage, ephemeral secret leakage, and de-synchronization attacks. We analyze the scheme’s security and reliability through formal and informal analysis. The informal analysis demonstrates that the scheme encompasses crucial security features, while the formal analysis substantiates. Moreover, performance analysis of the proposed protocol with various competing results indicates that our protocol achieves an average reduction in communication and computation overheads by 36.03.% and 41.79%, respectively. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Electronic health record

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Polynomial-SHAP analysis of liver disease markers for capturing of complex feature interactions in machine learning models

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Computers in Biology and Medicine 2024年 182卷 109168-109168页

作者： Ejiyi, Chukwuebuka Joseph Cai, Dongsheng Ejiyi, Makuachukwu B. Chikwendu, Ijeoma A. Coker, Kenneth Oluwasanmi, Ariyo Bamisile, Oluwatoyosi F. Ejiyi, Thomas U. Qin, Zhen College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering Sichuan Industrial Internet Intelligent Monitoring and Application Engineering Research Center Chengdu University of Technology Sichuan Chengdu China Pharmacy Department University of Nigeria Nsukka Enugu State Nsukka Nigeria School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Ho Technical University Ghana Ghana Network and Data Security Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Sichuan Chengdu China Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry University of Nigeria Nsukka Enugu State Nsukka Nigeria

Liver disease diagnosis is pivotal for effective patient management, and machine learning techniques have shown promise in this domain. In this study, we investigate the impact of Polynomial-SHapley Additive exPlanations analysis on enhancing the performance and interpretability of machine learning models for liver disease classification. Our results demonstrate significant improvements in accuracy, precision, recall, F1_score, and Matthews correlation coefficient across various algorithms when polynomial- SHapley Additive exPlanations analysis is applied. Specifically, the Light Gradient Boosting Machine model achieves exceptional performance with 100 % accuracy in both scenarios. Furthermore, by comparing the results obtained with and without the approach, we observe substantial differences in the performance, highlighting the importance of incorporating Polynomial-SHapley Additive exPlanations analysis for improved model performance. The Polynomial features and SHapley Additive exPlanations values also enhance the interpretability of machine learning models by capturing complex feature interactions, enabling users to gain deeper insights into the underlying mechanisms driving the diagnosis. Moreover, data rebalancing using Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique and parameter tuning were employed to optimize the performance of the models. These findings underscore the significance of employing this analytical approach in machine-learning-based diagnostic systems for liver diseases, offering superior performance and enhanced interpretability for informed decision-making in clinical practice. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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MACCoM: A multiple attention and convolutional cross-mixer framework for detailed 2D biomedical image segmentation

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Computers in Biology and Medicine 2024年 179卷 108847-108847页

作者： Ejiyi, Chukwuebuka Joseph Qin, Zhen Ejiyi, Makuachukwu Bennedith Ukwuoma, Chiagoziem Ejiyi, Thomas Ugochukwu Muoka, Gladys Wavinya Gyarteng, Emmanuel S.A. Bamisile, Olusola O. Network and Data Security Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Sichuan Chengdu China Pharmacy Department University of Nigeria Nsukka Enugu State Nsukka Nigeria Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry University of Nigeria Nsukka Enugu State Nsukka Nigeria School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China Sichuan Industrial Internet Intelligent Monitoring and Application Engineering Research Center Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu China

The UNet architecture, which is widely used for biomedical image segmentation, has limitations like blurred feature maps and over- or under-segmented regions. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel network architecture called MACCoM (Multiple Attention and Convolutional Cross-Mixer) – an end-to-end depthwise encoder-decoder fully convolutional network designed for binary and multi-class biomedical image segmentation built upon deeperUNet. We proposed a multi-scope attention module (MSAM) that allows the model to attend to diverse scale features, preserving fine details and high-level semantic information thus useful at the encoder-decoder connection. As the depth increases, our proposed spatial multi-head attention (SMA) is added to facilitate inter-layer communication and information exchange, enabling the network to effectively capture long-range dependencies and global context. MACCoM is also equipped with a convolutional cross-mixer we proposed to enhance the feature extraction capability of the model. By incorporating these modules, we effectively combine semantically similar features and reduce artifacts during the early stages of training. Experimental results on 4 biomedical datasets crafted from 3 datasets of varying modalities consistently demonstrate that MACCoM outperforms or matches state-of-the-art baselines in the segmentation tasks. With Breast Ultrasound Image (BUSI), MACCoM recorded 99.06 % Jaccard, 77.58 % Dice, and 93.92 % Accuracy, while recording 99.50 %, 98.44 %, and 99.29 % respectively for Jaccard, Dice, and Accuracy on the Chest X-ray (CXR) images used. The Jaccard, Dice, and Accuracy for the High-Resolution Fundus (HRF) images are 95.77 %, 74.35 %, and 95.95 % respectively. The findings here highlight MACCoM's effectiveness in improving segmentation performance and its valuable potential in image analysis. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Mixers (machinery)

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