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Numerical performability evaluation of a group multicast protocol

Distributed Systems engineering 1996年第1期3卷 39-52页

作者： Malhis, Luai M. Sanders, William H. Schlichting, Richard D. Center for Reliable and High-Performance Computing Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL 61801 United States Department of Computer Science University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 United States

Multicast protocols that provide message ordering and delivery guarantees are becoming increasingly important in distributed system design. However, despite the large number of such protocols, little analytical work has been done concerning their performance, especially in the presence of message loss. This paper illustrates a method for determining the performability of group multicast protocols using stochastic activity networks, a stochastic extension to Petri nets, and reduced base model construction. In particular, we study the performability of one such protocol, called Psync, under a wide variety of workload and message loss probabilities. The specific focus is on measuring two quantities, the stabilization time - that is, the time required for messages to arrive at all hosts - and channel utilization. The analysis shows that Psync works well when message transmissions are frequent, but it exhibits extremely long message stabilization times when transmissions are infrequent and message losses occur. We use this information to suggest a modification to Psync that greatly reduces stabilization time in this situation. The results provide useful insights into the behaviour of Psync, as well as serving as a guide for evaluating the performability of other group multicast protocols. © 1996 The British computer Society,.

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NONLINEAR MODELS FOR THE INTERMODULATION ANALYSIS OF FET MIXERS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES 1995年第5期43卷 1037-1045页

作者： PENG, S MCCLEER, PJ HADDAD, GI Center for High Frequency Microelectronics Solid State Electronics Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

An accurate, detailed analysis program has been developed for intermodulation distortion (IMD) simulation of FET mixers, This program is very efficient at calculating the IMD from multiple RF inputs. We have proposed a simplified nonlinear model for IMD analysis of FET gate mixers. The accuracy of the simplified model has been verified experimentally using two different MESFET mixers and one HEMT mixer at X band, All the tests show good agreement between measured results and the calculated results for second- and third-order IMD, The simplified model is based on modeling the derivative of the device transconductance by a sum of a Gaussian function and a linear function of the gate voltage, Drain bias dependence is ignored. The advantage of this model is that it can be used for both MESFET and HEMT mixers, and its fitting parameters can be easily determined from a nonlinear characterization of the devices at low frequencies.

关键词： Field effect transistors MESFETs Nonlinear Models Gauss equation linear function analysis programme intermodulation high electron mobility transistors

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Single-vehicle scheduling problem on a straight line with time window constraints 1st

Single-vehicle scheduling problem on a straight line with ti...

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1st Annual International Computing and Combinatorics Conference, COCOON 1995

作者： Chan, Chi-Lok Young, Gilbert H. High Performance Computing Laboratory Department of Computer Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong ShatinNT Hong Kong

ISBN: (纸本)354060216X

The problem of single-vehicle scheduling with ready time and deadline constraints can be apphcable to many practical transportation problems. But the general case is a generalization of classical Traveling Salesman Problem and it is NP-hard. Psaraftis et al. [5] presented an O(n 2) algorithm for vehicle scheduling problems where the topological structure of sites are restricted to straight hne and there is no deadline for each site. They conjectured that this problem is NP-hard if each site has an arbitrary ready time and deadline (called time window). In this paper, we prove the conjecture and show that the decision versions of vehicle scheduling problems on a straight hne topology with time window are NP-complete for both path and tour versions. We also give an O(n 2) algorithm to solve a special case of this problem in which all sites have a common ready time. This algorithm is applicable to both path and tour versions. Keywords: deadline, NP-complete, optimal schedule, ready time, vehicle scheduling problem, time windows. © 1995, Springer-Verlag. All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Traveling salesman problem

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Ultrasan version 3: Architecture, features, and implementation 10th

Ultrasan version 3: Architecture, features, and implementati...

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10th Computing in Aerospace Conference, 1995

作者： Sanders, W.H. Obal, W.D. Qureshit, M.A. Widjanarkot, F.K. Center for Reliable and High-Performance Computing Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Dept of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States

This paper describes version three of UltraSAN, a software environment for the performance, dependability, and performability evaluation of computer networks and systems. The package makes use of both analytic-and simulation-based solution methods using a single, high-level, representation known as stochastic activity networks. Version three, just completed, contains significant enhancements, relative to the earlier versions, in model specification, construction, and solution. © 1995, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Numerical evaluation of a group-oriented multicast protocol using stochastic activity networks

Numerical evaluation of a group-oriented multicast protocol ...

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International Workshop on Petri Nets and performance Models (PNPM)

作者： L.M. Malhis W.H. Sanders R.D. Schlichting Center for Reliable and High-Performance Computing Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign USA Department of Computer Science University of Arizona Tucson Tucson AZ USA

Group-oriented multicast protocols that provide message ordering and delivery guarantees are becoming increasingly important in distributed system design. However, despite the large number of such protocols, little analytical work has been done concerning their performance, especially in the presence of message loss. This paper illustrates a method for determining the performability of group-oriented multicast protocols using stochastic activity networks, a stochastic extension to Petri nets, and reduced base model construction. In particular, we study the performability of one such protocol, called Psync, under a wide variety of workload and message loss probabilities. The specific focus is on measuring two quantities, the stabilization time-that is, the time required for messages to arrive at all hosts-and channel utilization. The analysis shows that Psync works well when message transmissions are frequent, but exhibits extremely long message stabilization times when transmissions are infrequent and message losses occur. The results provide useful insight on the behavior of Psync, as well as serve as a guide for evaluating the performability of other group-oriented multicast protocols.

关键词： Multicast protocols Stochastic processes performance evaluation performance loss Petri nets Stochastic systems Testing Context modeling computer network reliability Distributed computing

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UltraSAN version 3 overview

UltraSAN version 3 overview

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International Workshop on Petri Nets and performance Models (PNPM)

作者： D.D. Deavours W.D. Obal M.A. Qureshi W.H. Sanders A.P.A. van Moorsel Center for Reliable and High-Performance Computing Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Arizona Tucson Tucson AZ USA

UltraSAN is a software package for model-based evaluation of systems represented as stochastic activity networks. The software has been implemented in a modular fashion, with clearly delineated interfaces between model specification, construction, and solution. UltraSAN offers an X Windows-based user interface and both analytical and simulation solution modules for transient and steady-state performance, dependability, and performability measures. Furthermore, the tool facilitates graphical representation of the obtained results by its report generator. This paper gives a very brief overview and pointers to more detailed descriptions of the software.

关键词： Steady-state Storage area networks Modular construction User interfaces Automatic control Joining processes Libraries Markov processes Probability density function Web sites

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Modeling recycle: a case study in the industrial use of measurement and modeling

Modeling recycle: a case study in the industrial use of meas...

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International computer performance and Dependability Symposium

作者： L.M. Malhis S.C. West L.A. Kant W.H. Sanders Storage Systems Division IBM Corporation Tucson AZ USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Arizona Tucson Tucson AZ USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Arizona Tucson Tustin AZ USA Center for Reliable and High-Performance Computing Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois Urbana IL USA

Large-scale data storage systems rely on magnetic tape cartridges to store millions of data objects. As these tapes age, the resident data objects become invalid; consequently, less and less of the tape potential capacity is effectively utilized. To address this problem, data storage systems have a facility, called "recycle" in this paper, that transfers valid data objects from sparsely populated tapes onto new tapes, thus creating empty tapes for reuse. A high performance recycle process is needed to keep the number of tape cartridges to a minimum, and to maintain a continuous supply of empty tapes for storing newly created data objects. The performance of such processes is not easy to determine, and depends strongly on the data stored on the tapes, the speed and characteristics of the computer on which recycle is executed, and the nature of the algorithms themselves. This paper documents an extensive effort to evaluate a proposed recycle algorithm, using held workload data, laboratory measurements, and modeling. The results of the study were used to improve the recycle process, and were later verified through field trials. In addition yielding the results themselves, the effort illustrated that modeling and measurement, in an industrial setting, can indeed be used successfully in the design process.< >

关键词： Recycling computer aided software engineering Large-scale systems Data storage systems Laboratories Magnetic field measurement Process design Coordinate measuring machines Electric variables measurement Area measurement

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Modeling, Mesh Generation, and Adaptive Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations 1

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丛书名： The IMA Volumes in Mathematics and its Applications

1995年

作者： Ivo Babuska William D. Henshaw Joseph E. Oliger Joseph E. Flaherty John E. Hopcroft Tayfun Tezduyar

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LIGHTNING: a scalable dynamically reconfigurable hierarchical WDM network for high-performance clustering 95

LIGHTNING: a scalable dynamically reconfigurable hierarchica...

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International Symposium on high performance Distributed Computing

作者： P.W. Dowd J.A. Perreault J.C. Chu D.C. Hoffmeister D. Crouse High Performance Computer System Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering State University of New York University at Buffalo Buffalo NY USA University at Buffalo - The State University of New York Buffalo NY US Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng. State Univ. of New York Buffalo NY USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780818670886

LIGHTNING is a dynamically reconfigurable WDM network testbed project for supercomputer interconnection. This paper describes a hierarchical WDM-based optical network testbed that is being constructed to interconnect a large number of supercomputers and to create a distributed shared memory environment. The objective of the hierarchical architecture is to achieve scalability yet avoiding the requirement of multiple wavelength tunable devices per node. Furthermore, single-hop all-optical communication is achieved: a packet remains in the optical form from source to destination and does not require intermediate routing. The wavelength multiplexed hierarchical structure features wavelength channel re-use at each level, allowing scalability to very large system sizes. It partitions the traffic between different levels of the hierarchy without electronic intervention in a combination of wavelength- and space-division multiplexing. A significant advantage of this approach is its ability to dynamically vary the bandwidth provided to different levels of the hierarchy. Each node in LIGHTNING receives traffic on n channels in an n-level hierarchy, one channel for each level. Each node monitors the traffic intensities on each channel and can detect any temporal or spatial shift in traffic balance. LIGHTNING can dynamically reconfigure to balance the traffic at each level by moving wavelengths associated with each level up or down depending on need. Bandwidth re-allocation is completely decentralized-any node can initiate it, achieving highly fault tolerant system behavior. This paper describes the system architecture, network and memory interface, and the optical devices that have been developed in this project.

关键词： Lightning Wavelength division multiplexing WDM networks Testing Supercomputers Scalability Bandwidth Telecommunication traffic Optical fiber networks Optical interconnections

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Study of inclusive baryon-antibaryon pair production of p or Λ in two-photon processes

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Zeitschrift für Physik C: Particles and Fields 1995年第1期69卷 597-606页

作者： Uehara, S. Abe, K. Amako, K. Arai, Y. Arima, T. Asano, Y. Chiba, M. Chiba, Y. Daigo, M. Fukawa, M. Fukushima, Y. Haba, J. Hamasaki, H. Hanai, H. Hemmi, Y. Higuchi, M. Hinode, F. Hirose, T. Homma, Y. Hosoda, N. Ishihara, N. Iwata, Y. Kanzaki, J. Kikuchi, R. Kondo, T. Korhonen, T.T. Kurashige, H. Matsuda, E.K. Matsui, T. Miura, M. Miyake, K. Mori, S. Nagashima, Y. Nakagawa, Y. Nakamura, T. Nakano, I. Odaka, S. Ogawa, K. Ohama, T. Ohsugi, T. Ohyama, H. Okabe, K. Okamoto, A. Ono, A. Oyama, T. Pennanen, J. Sakamoto, H. Sakuda, M. Sato, M. Sato, N. Shioden, M. Shirai, J. Shirakata, M. Sumiyoshi, T. Takada, Y. Takasaki, F. Takita, M. Tamura, N. Tatsumi, D. Tobimatsu, K. Tsuboyama, T. Unno, Y. Watanabe, T. Watase, Y. Yabuki, F. Yamada, Y. Yamagata, T. Yonezawa, Y. Yoshida, H. Yusa, K. KEK National Laboratory for High Energy Physics Tsukuba 305 Oho 1-1 Japan Department of Physics Tohoku University Sendai 980 Aza-Aoba Aramaki Aoba-ku Japan Institute of Applied Physics University of Tsukuba Tsukuba 305 Tennoudai 1-1-1 Japan Department of Physics Tokyo Metropolitan University Hachioji 192-03 Minami-Ohsawa 1-1 Japan Yasuda Women's Junior College Hiroshima 731-01 Yasuhigashi 6-13-1 Asa-Minami-ku Japan Faculty of Economics Toyama University Toyama 930 3190 Gofuku Japan Department of Physics Osaka University Toyonaka 560 Machikaneyama 1-1 Japan Department of Physics Kyoto University Kyoto 606 Oiwake-cho Kita-Shirakawa Sakyo-ku Japan Department of Applied Physics Tohoku-Gakuin University Tagajo 985 Chuo 1-13-1 Japan School of Applied Medical Science Kobe University Kobe 654-01 Tomogaoka 7-10-2 Suma-ku Japan Department of Physics Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima 724 Kagamiyama 1-3-1 Japan Research Institute for High Energy Physics Helsinki University Helsinki SF-00170 Siltavuorenpenger 20C Finland Department of Physics Okayama University Okayama 700 Tsushimanaka 3-1-1 Japan Division of Natural Sciences International Christian University Mitaka 181 Ohsawa 3-10-2 Japan Faculty of Engineering Miyazaki University Miyazaki 889-01 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi 1-1 Japan Institute of Physics University of Tsukuba Tsukuba 305 Tennoudai 1-1-1 Japan Hiroshima National College of Maritime Technology Hiroshima-ken 725-02 Higashino-cho 4272-1 Japan Faculty of Cross-Cultural Studies Kobe University Kobe 657 Tsurukabuto 1-2-1 Nada-ku Japan Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Ibaraki College of Technology Hitachinaka 312 Nakane Japan Center for Information Science Kogakuin University Tokyo 163-91 Nishi-Shinjuku 1-24-2 Shinjuku-ku Japan Department of Physics Kogakuin University Tokyo 192 Nakano-cho 2665-1 Hachioji Japan Tsukuba College of Technology Tsukuba 305 Kasuga 4-1 Japan Naruto Universi

Inclusive baryon-antibaryon pair production was studied in two-photon events which were collected at the e + e - collider TRISTAN, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 303 pb-1. Correlations between a baryon ...

Inclusive baryon-antibaryon pair production was studied in two-photon events which were collected at the e⁺ e^- collider TRISTAN, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 303 pb^-1. Correlations between a baryon and an antibaryon were studied for their flavors (p or Λ) and their momentum vectors. The experimental results were compared with the expectations from a jet-fragmentation Monte Carlo simulation. We have found that although the ratios of the cross sections of different baryon-flavor combinations are consistent with the Monte Carlo expectations, the cross section shows an excess over the Monte Carlo expectation in a low invariant-mass region of final-state particles at large angles, that indicates a significant contribution from higher-order QCD or non-perturbative effects. The experimental data show no narrow azimuthal-angle correlation, which is expected from a jet-fragmentation Monte Carlo. A search for exclusive Λ pair production has also been made. We have no candidates and have obtained the upper limit for the cross section. © 1996 Springer-Verlag.

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