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determination of the light, strange and charm quark masses using twisted mass fermions 38

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Determination of the light, strange and charm quark masses u...

38th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, LATTICE 2021

作者： Alexandrou, C. Bacchio, S. Bergner, G. Constantinou, M. di Carlo, M. dimopoulos, P. Finkenrath, J. Fiorenza, E. Frezzotti, r. Garofalo, M. Hadjiyiannakou, K. Kostrzewa, B. Koutsou, G. Jansen, K. Lubicz, V. Mangin-Brinet, M. Manigrasso, F. Martinelli, G. Pittler, F. rossi, G.C. Sanfilippo, F. Simula, S. Tarantino, C. Todaro, A. Urbach, C. Wenger, U. Department of Physics University of Cyprus Nicosia20537 Cyprus Computation-Based Science and Technology Research Center The Cyprus Institute Cyprus University of Jena Institute for Theoretical Physics Max-Wien-Platz 1 JenaD-07743 Germany Department of Physics Temple University PhiladelphiaPA19122-1801 United States School of Physics and Astronomy The University of Edinburgh EdinburghEH9 3FD United Kingdom Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Roma La Sapienza Italy Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche Fisiche e Informatiche Università di Parma INFN Italy CP3-Origins University of Southern Denmark Campusvej 55 Odense5230 Denmark Dipartimento di Fisica INFN Università di Roma "Tor Vergata" RomeI-00133 Italy Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Germany High Performance Computing and Analytics Lab Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Germany NIC DESY Platanenallee 6 ZeuthenD-15738 Germany Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica Università Roma Tre INFN Sezione di Roma Tre Italy Theory Group Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie Grenoble France Institut für Physik Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Newtonstrasse 15 Berlin12489 Germany Dipartimento di Fisica INFN Università di Roma "La Sapienza" RomeI-00185 Italy Centro Fermi Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi" Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Roma Tre Italy Institute for Theoretical Physics Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics Switzerland

We present results for the light, strange and charm quark masses using Nf = 2 + 1 + 1 twisted mass fermion ensembles at three values of the lattice spacing, including two ensembles simulated with the physical value of the pion mass. The analysis is done both in the meson and baryon sectors. The difference in the mean values found in the two sectors is included as part of the systematic error. The presentation is based on the work of ref. [1], where more details can be found. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Noderivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-Nd 4.0)

关键词： Lattice theory

24.4: Planar Triode Structure Carbon Nanotubes Field Emission display

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SId Symposium digest of Technical Papers 2012年第1期34卷

作者： Chun-Tao Lee Hua-Chi Cheng Yu-Yang Chang Jyh-rong Sheu Jane-Hway Liao Ching-Shiun Cho Shin-Chiuan Jiang Jia-Chong Ho Shin-Mao Huang Ming-Chun Hsiao Ying-Xian Chen Wei-Yi Lin Yun-Jiau Shiau Wen-Kuei Huang Cheng-Chung Lee Bing-Yue Tsui Yung-Chiang Lan Electronics Research and Service Organization Industrial Technology Research Institute E1100 ERSO/ITRI 195-4 Sec.4 Chung Hsing Rd. Chutung Hsinchu Taiwan 310 ROC Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics National Chiao-Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan R.O.C National Center for High-performance Computing 7 R&D Rd. VI Science Park Hsinchu Taiwan R.O.C.

A new planar triode structure of CNT-FEd has been fabricated. The gate electrode and the CNTs emitters were almost on the same plane. The gate pulls out the electrons from the both side CNTs emitters. The electron bea...

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dynamical friction and the evolution of black holes in cosmological simulations: A new implementation in OpenGadget3

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arXiv 2024年

作者： damiano, Alice Valentini, Milena Borgani, Stefano Tornatore, Luca Murante, Giuseppe ragagnin, Antonio ragone-Figueroa, Cinthia dolag, Klaus Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università di Trieste Sez. di Astronomia via Tiepolo 11 TriesteI-34131 Italy INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste via Tiepolo 11 TriesteI-34131 Italy IFPU Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe Via Beirut 2 Trieste34014 Italy INFN Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Via Valerio 2 TriesteI-34127 Italy ICSC - Italian Research Center on High Performance Computing Big Data and Quantum Computing via Magnanelli 2 Casalecchio di Reno40033 Italy INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna Via Piero Gobetti 93/3 BolognaI-40129 Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna via Gobetti 93/2 BolognaI-40129 Italy Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Laprida 854 CórdobaX5000BGR Argentina Universitäts-Sternwarte München Scheinerstr. 1 MünchenD-81679 Germany Max-Plank-Institut für Astrophysik Karl-Schwarzschild Strasse 1 GarchingD-85740 Germany

Aims. We introduce a novel sub-resolution prescription to correct for the unresolved dynamical friction (dF) onto black holes (BHs) in cosmological simulations, to describe BH dynamics accurately, and to overcome spurious motions induced by numerical effects. Methods. We implemented a sub-resolution prescription for the unresolved dF onto BHs in the OpenGadget3 code. We carried out cosmological simulations of a volume of (16 comoving Mpc)3 and zoomed-in simulations of a galaxy group and of a galaxy cluster. We assessed the advantages of our new technique in comparison to commonly adopted methods for hampering spurious BH displacements, namely repositioning onto a local minimum of the gravitational potential and ad hoc boosting of the BH particle dynamical mass. We inspected variations in BH demography in terms of offset from the centres of the host sub-halos, the wandering population of BHs, BH–BH merger rates, and the occupation fraction of sub-halos. We also analysed the impact of the different prescriptions on individual BH interaction events in detail. results. The newly introduced dF correction enhances the centring of BHs on host halos, the effects of which are at least comparable with those of alternative techniques. Also, the correction becomes gradually more effective as the redshift decreases. Simulations with this correction predict half as many merger events with respect to the repositioning prescription, with the advantage of being less prone to leaving substructures without any central BH. Simulations featuring our dF prescription produce a smaller (by up to ∼ 50% with respect to repositioning) population of wandering BHs and final BH masses that are in good agreement with observations. regarding individual BH–BH interactions, our dF model captures the gradual inspiraling of orbits before the merger occurs. By contrast, the repositioning scheme, in its most classical renditions, describes extremely fast mergers, while the dynamical mass misrepresents t

关键词： Cosmology

Binding in light nuclei: Statistical NN uncertainties vs Computational accuracy

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2016年第1期742卷

作者： r. Navarro Pérez A. Nogga J. E. Amaro E. ruiz Arriola Nuclear and Chemical Science Division Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore California 94551 USA Forschungszentrum Jülich Institut für Kernphysik (Theorie) Institute for Advanced Simulation Jülich Center for Hadron Physics and JARA - High Performance Computing D-52425 Julich Germany. Departamento de Física Atómica Molecular y Nuclear and Instituto Carlos I de Física Teórica y Computacional Universidad de Granada E-18071 Granada Spain

We analyse the impact of the statistical uncertainties of the the nucleon-nucleon interaction, based on the Granada-2013 np-pp database, on the binding energies of the triton and the alpha particle using a bootstrap method, by solving the Faddeev equations for 3H and the Yakubovsky equations for 4He respectively. We check that in practice about 30 samples prove enough for a reliable error estimate. An extrapolation of the well fulfilled Tjon-line correlation predicts the experimental binding of the alpha particle within uncertainties.

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Euclid preparation. 3-dimensional galaxy clustering in configuration space Part I: 2-point correlation function estimation

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arXiv 2025年

作者： de la Torre, S. Marulli, F. Keihänen, E. Viitanen, A. Viel, M. Veropalumbo, A. Branchini, E. Tavagnacco, d. rizzo, F. Valiviita, J. Lindholm, V. Allevato, V. Parimbelli, G. Sarpa, E. Ghaffari, Z. Amara, A. Andreon, S. Auricchio, N. Baccigalupi, C. Baldi, M. Bardelli, S. Basset, A. Bonino, d. Brescia, M. Brinchmann, J. Caillat, A. Camera, S. Capobianco, V. Carbone, C. Carretero, J. Casas, S. Castander, F.J. Castellano, M. Castignani, G. Cavuoti, S. Cimatti, A. Colodro-Conde, C. Congedo, G. Conselice, C.J. Conversi, L. Copin, Y. Courbin, F. Courtois, H.M. Crocce, M. da Silva, A. degaudenzi, H. de Lucia, G. di Giorgio, A.M. dinis, J. dubath, F. duncan, C.A.J. dupac, X. dusini, S. Farina, M. Farrens, S. Faustini, F. Ferriol, S. Fourmanoit, N. Frailis, M. Franceschi, E. Franzetti, P. Fumana, M. Galeotta, S. George, K. Gillard, W. Gillis, B. Giocoli, C. Gómez-Alvarez, P. Granett, B.r. Grazian, A. Grupp, F. Guzzo, L. Haugan, S.V.H. Holmes, W. Hormuth, F. Hornstrup, A. Ilić, S. Jahnke, K. Jhabvala, M. Joachimi, B. Kermiche, S. Kiessling, A. Kilbinger, M. Kubik, B. Kunz, M. Kurki-Suonio, H. Ligori, S. Lilje, P.B. Lloro, I. Mainetti, G. Maino, d. Maiorano, E. Mansutti, O. Marggraf, O. Markovic, K. Martinelli, M. Martinet, N. Massey, r. Maurogordato, S. Medinaceli, E. Mei, S. MELMhior, M. Mellier, Y. Meneghetti, M. Merlin, E. Meylan, G. Moresco, M. Morin, B. Moscardini, L. Munari, E. Neissner, C. Niemi, S.-M. Padilla, C. Paltani, S. Pasian, F. Pedersen, K. Percival, W.J. Pettorino, V. Pires, S. Polenta, G. Poncet, M. Pozzetti, L. raison, F. renzi, A. rhodes, J. riccio, G. romelli, E. roncarelli, M. rossetti, E. Saglia, r. Sakr, Z. Sánchez, A.G. Sapone, d. Sartoris, B. Schneider, P. Schrabback, T. Scodeggio, M. Secroun, A. Sefusatti, E. Seidel, G. Seiffert, M. Serrano, S. Sirignano, C. Sirri, G. Stanco, L. Steinwagner, J. Surace, C. Tallada-Crespí, P. Taylor, A.N. Tereno, I. Toledo-Moreo, r. Aix-Marseille Université CNRS CNES LAM Marseille France Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Augusto Righi Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna via Piero Gobetti 93/2 Bologna40129 Italy INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna Via Piero Gobetti 93/3 Bologna40129 Italy INFN-Sezione di Bologna Viale Berti Pichat 6/2 Bologna40127 Italy Department of Physics Helsinki Institute of Physics University of Helsinki Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2 00014 Finland INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma Via Frascati 33 Monteporzio Catone00078 Italy IFPU Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe via Beirut 2 Trieste34151 Italy INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste Via G. B. Tiepolo 11 Trieste34143 Italy SISSA International School for Advanced Studies Via Bonomea 265 TS Trieste34136 Italy INFN Sezione di Trieste Via Valerio 2 TS Trieste34127 Italy ICSC - Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing Big Data e Quantum Computing Via Magnanelli 2 Bologna Italy INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera Via Brera 28 Milano20122 Italy INFN-Sezione di Genova Via Dodecaneso 33 Genova16146 Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli studi di Genova INFN-Sezione di Genova via Dodecaneso 33 Genova16146 Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Genova Via Dodecaneso 33 Genova16146 Italy Department of Physics University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 00014 Finland Helsinki Institute of Physics University of Helsinki Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2 Helsinki Finland INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte Via Moiariello 16 Napoli80131 Italy Campus UAB Carrer de Can Magrans s/n Barcelona08193 Spain School of Mathematics and Physics University of Surrey Guild-ford SurreyGU2 7XH United Kingdom Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Università di Bologna Via Gobetti 93/2 Bologna40129 Italy Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales Centre spatial de Toulouse 18 avenue Edouard Belin Toulouse31401Cedex 9 France Pino

The 2-point correlation function of the galaxy spatial distribution is a major cosmological observable that enables constraints on the dynamics and geometry of the Universe. The Euclid mission aims at performing an extensive spectroscopic survey of approximately 20–30 million Hα-emitting galaxies up to about redshift two. This ambitious project seeks to elucidate the nature of dark energy by mapping the 3-dimensional clustering of galaxies over a significant portion of the sky. This paper presents the methodology and software developed for estimating the 3-dimensional 2-point correlation function within the Euclid Science Ground Segment. The software is designed to overcome the significant challenges posed by the large and complex Euclid data set, which involves millions of galaxies. Key challenges include efficient pair counting, managing computational resources, and ensuring the accuracy of the correlation function estimation. The software leverages advanced algorithms, including kd-tree, octree, and linked-list data partitioning strategies, to optimise the pair-counting process. These methods are crucial for handling the massive volume of data efficiently. The implementation also includes parallel processing capabilities using shared-memory open multi-processing to further enhance performance and reduce computation times. Extensive validation and performance testing of the software are presented. Those have been performed by using various mock galaxy catalogues to ensure that it meets the stringent accuracy requirement of the Euclid mission. The results indicate that the software is robust and can reliably estimate the 2-point correlation function, which is essential for deriving cosmological parameters with high precision. Furthermore, the paper discusses the expected performance of the software during different stages of the Euclid Wide Survey observations and forecasts how the precision of the correlation function measurements will improve over the mission’s t

关键词： dark energy

Front Cover: A Unified research data Infrastructure for Catalysis research – Challenges and Concepts (ChemCatChem 14/2021)

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ChemCatChem 2021年第14期13卷

作者： Christoph Wulf Prof. Matthias Beller dr.-Ing. Thomas Boenisch Prof. Olaf deutschmann dr. Schirin Hanf Prof. Norbert Kockmann dr.-Ing. ralph Kraehnert Prof. Mehtap Oezaslan dr. Stefan Palkovits dr. Sonja Schimmler dr. Stephan A. Schunk Prof. Kurt Wagemann dr. david Linke Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis Rostock Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a D-18059 Rostock Germany High Performance Computing Center Stuttgart (HLRS) University of Stuttgart Nobelstr. 19 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Kaiserstraße 12 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Engesserstr. 15 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany Biochemical and Chemical Engineering Equipment Design TU Dortmund University D-44221 Dortmund Germany BasCat – UniCat BASF JointLab Technische Universität Berlin Hardenbergstraße 36 D-10623 Berlin Germany Institute of Technical Chemistry TU Braunschweig D-38106 Braunschweig Germany Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 2 D-52074 Aachen Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communication Systems (FOKUS) Kaiserin-Augusta-Allee 31 D-10589 Berlin Germany the high throughput experimentation company Kurpfalzring 104 D-69123 Heidelberg Germany BASF SE Carl-Bosch Str. 38 D-67056 Ludwigshafen Germany DECHEMA e.V. Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25 D-60486 Frankfurt Germany

Atroposelective Access to 1,3-Oxazepine-Containing Bridged Biaryls via Carbene-Catalyzed desymmetrization of Imines

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Angewandte Chemie 2022年第1期135卷

作者： Prof. dr. Xing Yang Liwen Wei Yuelin Wu Prof. dr. Liejin Zhou dr. Xinglong Zhang Prof. dr. Yonggui robin Chi Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China) Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 P. R. China Department of Chemistry Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 P. R. China Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore 138632 Singapore Division of Chemistry & Mathematical Science School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 P. R. China

We disclose herein an atroposelective synthesis of novel bridged biaryls containing medium-sized rings via N-heterocyclic carbene organocatalysis. The reaction starts with addition of the carbene catalyst to the aminophenol-derived aldimine substrate. Subsequent oxidation and intramolecular desymmetrization lead to the formation of 1,3-oxazepine-containing bridged biaryls in good yields and excellent enantioselectivities. These novel bridged biaryl products can be readily transformed into chiral phosphite ligands. Preliminary density function theory calculations suggest that the origin of enantioselectivity arises from the more favorable frontier molecular orbital interactions in the transition state leading to the major product.

关键词： Atropisomerism Bridged Biaryls N-Heterocyclic Carbenes Organocatalysis Umpolung

Simulating nearby disc galaxies on the main star formation sequence I. Bar formation and the building of the central gas reservoir

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Verwilghen, Pierrick Emsellem, Eric renaud, Florent Valentini, Milena Sun, Jiayi Jeffreson, Sarah Klessen, ralf S. Sormani, Mattia C. Barnes, Ashley T. dolag, Klaus Grasha, Kathryn Liang, Fu-Heng Meidt, Sharon Neumann, Justus Querejeta, Miguel Schinnerer, Eva Williams, Thomas G. Excellence Cluster ORIGINS Boltzmannstraße 2 Garching85748 Germany European Southern Observatory Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2 Garching85748 Germany Univ Lyon Univ Lyon1 ENS de Lyon CNRS Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon UMR5574 Saint-Genis-LavalF-69230 France Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg Université de Strasbourg CNRS UMR 7550 StrasbourgF-67000 France University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study 5 allée du Général Rouvillois StrasbourgF-67083 France Astronomy Unit Department of Physics University of Trieste via Tiepolo 11 TriesteI-34131 Italy INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste via Tiepolo 11 TriesteI-34131 Italy ICSC - Italian Research Center on High Performance Computing Big Data and Quantum Computing Italy Department of Astrophysical Sciences Princeton University 4 Ivy Lane PrincetonNJ08544 United States Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA United States Universität Heidelberg Zentrum für Astronomie Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik Albert-Ueberle-Str. 2 HeidelbergD-69120 Germany Universität Heidelberg Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 HeidelbergD-69120 Germany Università dell’Insubria via Valleggio 11 Como22100 Italy Department of Physics University of Surrey GuildfordGU2 7XH United Kingdom Universitäts-Sternwarte Fakultät für Physik Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Scheinerstr. 1 München81679 Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 1 Garching85741 Germany Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics Australian National University CanberraACT2611 Australia Australia Sub-Department of Astrophysics Department of Physics University of Oxford Keble Road OxfordOX1 3RH United Kingdom Sterrenkundig Observatorium Universiteit Gent Krijgslaan 281 S9 GentB-9000 Belgium Max Planck Institut für Astronomie Königstuhl 17 Heidelberg69117 Germany C/Alfonso XII 3 Madri

Past studies have long emphasised the key role played by galactic stellar bars in the context of disc secular evolution, via the redistribution of gas and stars, the triggering of star formation, and the formation of prominent structures such as rings and central mass concentrations. However, the exact physical processes acting on those structures, as well as the timescales associated with the building and consumption of central gas reservoirs are still not well understood. We are building a suite of hydro-dynamical rAMSES simulations of isolated, low-redshift galaxies that mimic the properties of the PHANGS sample. The initial conditions of the models reproduce the observed stellar mass, disc scale length, or gas fraction, and this paper presents a first subset of these models. Most of our simulated galaxies develop a prominent bar structure, which itself triggers central gas fuelling and the building of an over-density with a typical scale of 100-1000 pc. We confirm that if the host galaxy features an ellipsoidal component, the formation of the bar and gas fuelling are delayed. We show that most of our simulations follow a common time evolution, when accounting for mass scaling and the bar formation time. In our simulations, the stellar mass of 1010 M☉ seems to mark a change in the phases describing the time evolution of the bar and its impact on the interstellar medium. In massive discs (M★ ≥ 1010 M☉), we observe the formation of a central gas reservoir with star formation mostly occurring within a restricted starburst region, leading to a gas depletion phase. Lower-mass systems (M★ 10 M☉) do not exhibit such a depletion phase, and show a more homogeneous spread of star-forming regions along the bar structure, and do not appear to host inner bar-driven discs or rings. Our results seem to be supported by observations, and we briefly discuss how this new suite of simulations can help our understanding of the secular evolution of main sequence disc galaxies. © 2024,

关键词： Gases

The MeerKAT Absorption Line Survey (MALS)

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Gupta, N. Srianand, r. Baan, W. Baker, A. Beswick, r. Bhatnagar, S. Bhattacharya, d. Bosma, A. Carilli, C. Cluver, M. Combes, F. Cress, C. dutta, r. Fynbo, J. Heald, G. Hilton, M. Hussain, T. Jarvis, M. Jozsa, G. Kamphuis, P. Kembhavi, A. Kerp, J. Klöckner, H.-r. Krogager, J. Kulkarni, V. Ledoux, C. Mahabal, A. Mauch, T. Moodley, K. Momjian, E. Morganti, r. Noterdaeme, P. Oosterloo, T. Petitjean, P. Schröder, A. Serra, P. Sievers, J. Spekkens, K. Vaïsänen, P. Hulst, T. Van der Vivek, M. Wang, J. Wong, O.I. Zungu, A.r. Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics India The Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy Astron Netherlands The State University of New Jersey Rutgers United States University of 14 Mals N. Gupta Manchester United Kingdom National Radio Astronomy Observatory United States Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille France Physics and Astronomy Department University of Western Cape South Africa Observatoire de Paris France Centre for High Performance Computing South Africa Dark Cosmology Center Niels Bohr Institute Denmark Csiro Astronomy and Space Science Australia Astrophysics and Cosmology Research Unit University of KwaZulu Natal South Africa University of Oxford Astrophysics United Kingdom Square Kilometre Array South Africa South Africa National Centre for Radio Astrophysics India Universität Bonn Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Germany Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris France Department of Physics and Astronomy University of South Carolina United States European Southern Observatory Chile Astronomy Department California Institute of Technology United States South African Astronomical Observatory South Africa INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari Italy Department of Physics Royal Military College of Canada Canada Kapteyn Astronomical Institute University of Groningen Netherlands University of Utah United States International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research University of Western Australia Australia

deep galaxy surveys have revealed that the global star formation rate (SFr) density in the Universe peaks at 1 z 2 and sharply declines towards z = 0. But a clear picture of the underlying processes, in particular the evolution of cold atomic (100 K) and molecular gas phases, that drive such a strong evolution is yet to emerge. MALS is designed to use MeerKAT's L- A nd UHF-band receivers to carry out the most sensitive (N(H I)>1019 cm2) dust-unbiased search of intervening H I 21-cm and OH 18-cm absorption lines at 0 1024WHz1) at 0 Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Galaxies