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Transforming desalination brine into highly reactive magnesium oxide and life cycle analysis

Watershed Ecology and the Environment 2025年 7卷 36-46页

作者： Senevirathna, Hasanthi L. Lee, W.P. Cathie Wu, Shunnian Bai, Kewu Wu, Ping Entropic Interface Group Engineering Product Development Singapore University of Technology and Design 8 Somapah Road 487372 Singapore Institute of High-Performance Computing Agency for Science Technology and Research Fusionopolis Way #16-16 Connexis 138632 Singapore

The sustainable production of magnesium oxide (MgO) from reject brine at a desalination facility in Singapore presents a promising alternative to traditional building materials. This study investigates the properties and extraction methods of MgO derived from reject brine, focusing on environmental sustainability and resource efficiency. By utilizing a combination of thermodynamic modelling of concentrated salt aqueous solutions and experimental validation, we optimized the recovery process for Mg²⁺ from reject brine, achieving an impressive 99 % recovery rate to produce MgO with ∼ 98 % purity. The MgO produced, calcined at 700 °C, exhibits high reactivity and a large surface area of 58.01 m²/g, making it a highly viable option for various industrial applications. This approach addresses reject brine disposal challenges and emphasizes brine valorization, aligning with strict environmental regulations by treating both freshwater and concentrated brine as valuable products. The technology enables cost-effective reject brine treatment by recycling Mg²⁺ to produce sustainable Mg-based materials. A comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was conducted to evaluate the environmental impact of MgO production from reject brine. This analysis provides a thorough examination of the transformation process, assessing the sustainability of employing MgO in commercial applications. The findings of this study offer valuable insights for enhancing sustainability in various sectors, underscoring the promise of MgO as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective material. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： CO2 emission MgO Reactivity Reject brine Solution model

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The Impact of Thermal Aging on Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Epoxy/Amine Resin

The Impact of Thermal Aging on Mechanical and Electrical Pro...

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2023 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials, ISEIM 2023

作者： Deng, Yuheng Wang, Qi Ma, Jielin Yang, Yan Yap, Malvern Chern, Wen Kwang Oh, Joo Tien Chen, Zhong School of Material Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore Singapore Power Group Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9784886864376

Epoxy resin is widely employed as a polymeric insulation material. Epoxy/amine resin is a type of resin that is crosslinked by amine groups, exhibiting improved mechanical properties, better durability, and easier curing process. However thermal degradation is a concern as the polymeric insulation material is prone to heat accumulation during long-term use. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effects of thermal aging on the mechanical and dielectric properties of epoxy/amine resin, along with the associated molecule change. Specimens were prepared and thermally aged at 105 ℃ for durations ranging from 0 hours to 1000 hours. Tensile strength, electrical tree growth, dielectric constant and loss were measured to assess the impact of thermal aging. ATR-FTIR (Attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared) and UV-Vis (Ultraviolet-visible) spectrometers were utilized to analyze the relationship between property changes and chemical structure. With increased aging time, tensile strength initially rose and then fell, which can be attributed to the formation and subsequent degradation of ether bonds in the surface layer of epoxy/amine resin. The consistent chain scission and oxidation were also observed in the specimen surface. Notably, a heterogeneous degradation was found to appear from the sample surface to the core, with nearly no degradation in the core of the specimen After almost 1000 hours of aging. Moreover, a higher crosslinking degree was observed inside the aged specimen than the unaged one, leading to a higher electrical tree initiation voltage. This spatial inhomogeneity of thermal degradation provides a compelling explanation to the diverse effects of thermal aging on mechanical and electrical properties. © 2023 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

关键词： Thermal aging

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Modeling the dielectric breakdown of nanocomposites using a novel phase-field model

Modeling the dielectric breakdown of nanocomposites using a ...

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2023 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials, ISEIM 2023

作者： Wang, Qi Deng, Yuheng Ma, Jielin Yap, Malvern Yang, Yan Chern, Wen Kwang Chen, Zhong School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore Singapore Power Group Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9784886864376

With the development of nanotechnology, nanocomposites have gained more attention for their increased dielectric breakdown strength and the potential to improve the reliability of electrical equipment. However, there is still a lack of physics-based numerical methods to study dielectric breakdown mechanism of nanocomposite. In this paper, we present a novel phase-field model that utilizes the similarity between fracture and dielectric breakdown. The model employs a phase-field variable, ranging from 0 to 1, to characterize the breakdown damage driven by the competition between surface energy and stored elastic energy. The phase-field variable evolves in accordance with the laws of thermodynamics, which dictates a minimization of the energy of the system. With the setup of the phase-field model, the influences of SiO2 and TiO2 fillers on the electric field, breakdown strength and thermal conductivity of nanocomposites are further discussed. The results highlight that the electric field distortion in TiO2/epoxy (EP) is more severe than that of SiO2/EP, resulting in an earlier initiation of breakdown damage and lower breakdown strength. However, the stored energy density of TiO2/EP is about five times higher than the SiO2/EP, while the effective thermal conductivities of the two composites are almost the same. © 2023 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

关键词： Nanocomposites

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SmartShip: Data Decoding Optimization for Onboard AI Anomaly Detection

SmartShip: Data Decoding Optimization for Onboard AI Anomaly...

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International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed computing

作者： Pavle Ivanovic Alexander Windmann Philipp Neumann Chair for High Performance Computing Helmut Schmidt University Hamburg Germany Chair for Computer Science in Mechanical Engineering Helmut Schmidt University Hamburg Germany Deutsches Elektronen-Synchroton Research Group High Performance Computing and Data Science Universität Hamburg Hamburg Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350369199

ISBN: (纸本)9798350369205

Maritime rescue operations rely on efficient and resilient sea vessels for responding to offshore emergencies. To ensure the availability and prompt deployment of rescue cruisers, system operators need to recognize (and resolve) the failure patterns before they occur onboard. However, many SAR organizations do not have sufficient computing resources for advanced anomaly detection and future fault prediction. This paper details our performant and cost-effective solution for sensor data acquisition, CAN bus decoding, and AI analysis, deployable on typical maritime edge devices. The main focus of our work is enhancing the decoding speed, which is a prerequisite for efficient AI analyses and anomaly detection. Besides elaboration on different optimization strategies, we provide the actual use case for AI anomaly detection based on anomaly scores of electrical, fuel, and cooling system sensors. As a result, we improved the decoding speed by more than two orders of magnitude, allowing edge outlier detection in minutes rather than days.

关键词： performance evaluation System testing Image edge detection Data acquisition Decoding Pattern recognition Artificial intelligence Anomaly detection Optimization Tuning

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A Multi-Hyperparameter Prediction Framework for Distributed Energy Trading on Photovoltaic Network

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Tsinghua science and Technology 2025年第2期30卷 864-874页

作者： Chun Chen Yong Zhang Boon Han Lim Li Ning Shengzhong Feng Peng Xie School of Intelligent Manufacturing and Equipment Shenzhen Institute of Information TechnologyShenzhen 518172China Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science Universiti Tunku Abdul RahmanKajang 43000Malaysia Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen 518028China Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100864China High-performance Intelligent Computing Research Group Guangdong Institute of Intelligent Science and TechnologyZhuhai 519031China

The rapid evolution of distributed energy resources,particularly photovoltaic systems,poses a formidable challenge in maintaining a delicate balance between energy supply and demand while minimizing *** integrated nature of distributed markets,blending centralized and decentralized elements,holds the promise of maximizing social welfare and significantly reducing overall costs,including computational and communication ***,achieving this balance requires careful consideration of various hyperparameter sets,encompassing factors such as the number of communities,community detection methods,and trading mechanisms employed among *** address this challenge,we introduce a groundbreaking neural network-based framework,the Energy Trading-based Artificial Neural Network(ET-ANN),which excels in performance compared to existing *** experiments underscore the superiority of ET-ANN in minimizing total energy transaction costs while maximizing social welfare within the realm of photovoltaic networks.

关键词： photovoltaic energy trading hyperparameter prediction

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The Impact of Thermal Aging on Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Epoxy/Amine Resin

The Impact of Thermal Aging on Mechanical and Electrical Pro...

引用

International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials

作者： Yuheng Deng Qi Wang Jielin Ma Yan Yang Malvern Yap Wen Kwang Chern Joo Tien Oh Zhong Chen School of Material Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore Singapore Power Group Singapore

Epoxy resin is widely employed as a polymeric insulation material. Epoxy/amine resin is a type of resin that is crosslinked by amine groups, exhibiting improved mechanical properties, better durability, and easier curing process. However thermal degradation is a concern as the polymeric insulation material is prone to heat accumulation during long-term use. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effects of thermal aging on the mechanical and dielectric properties of epoxy/amine resin, along with the associated molecule change. Specimens were prepared and thermally aged at 105°C for durations ranging from 0 hours to 1000 hours. Tensile strength, electrical tree growth, dielectric constant and loss were measured to assess the impact of thermal aging. ATR-FTIR (Attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared) and UV-Vis (Ultraviolet-visible) spectrometers were utilized to analyze the relationship between property changes and chemical structure. With increased aging time, tensile strength initially rose and then fell, which can be attributed to the formation and subsequent degradation of ether bonds in the surface layer of epoxy/amine resin. The consistent chain scission and oxidation were also observed in the specimen surface. Notably, a heterogeneous degradation was found to appear from the sample surface to the core, with nearly no degradation in the core of the specimen After almost 1000 hours of aging. Moreover, a higher crosslinking degree was observed inside the aged specimen than the unaged one, leading to a higher electrical tree initiation voltage. This spatial inhomogeneity of thermal degradation provides a compelling explanation to the diverse effects of thermal aging on mechanical and electrical properties.

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Modeling the Dielectric Breakdown of Nanocomposites Using a Novel Phase-Field Model

Modeling the Dielectric Breakdown of Nanocomposites Using a ...

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International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials

作者： Qi Wang Yuheng Deng Jielin Ma Malvern Yap Yan Yang Wen Kwang Chern Zhong Chen School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore Singapore Power Group Singapore

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A DHR executor selection algorithm based on historical credibility and dissimilarity clustering

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science China(Information sciences) 2023年第11期66卷 288-301页

作者： Sisi SHAO Yimu JI Weili ZHANG Shangdong LIU Fei JIANG Zhigang CAO Fei WU Fukang ZENG Jun ZUO Longfei ZHOU School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Institue of High Performance Computing and Bigdata Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing Center of HPC China Jiangsu HPC and Intelligent Processing Engineer Research Center School of Foreign Languages Information Engineering University The 28th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation

The security of the dynamic heterogeneous redundancy(DHR) architecture relies on the heterogeneity of its executors, which also defines the vulnerability of the mimic system. In order to select executors with reliable and significant dissimilarity as service executors, we propose a DHR executor selection algorithm based on historical credibility and dissimilarity clustering(HCDC), which adds two metrics of executor historical credibility and dissimilarity. First, to maximize the difference between heterogeneous executor pools,clustering is performed based on the dissimilarity of the executor. Second, the executor with the highest historical credibility is selected from the heterogeneous executor pool as the candidate pool. The historical credibility is dynamically updated by the negative feedback control based on the results of the multi-mode adjudicator. Finally, the dynamic scheduling algorithm selects the executors from the candidate pool to form the set of service executors. The simulation results demonstrate that, in comparison to existing methods,the algorithm reduces the attack success rate and average failure rate while increasing system reliability.

关键词： endogenous security mimic defense DHR executor selection historical credibility

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Robust Model Aggregation for Heterogeneous Federated Learning: Analysis and Optimizations

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Shao, Yumeng Li, Jun Shi, Long Wei, Kang Ding, Ming Li, Qianmu Li, Zengxiang Chen, Wen Jin, Shi The School of Electronic and Optical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China Data61 CSIRO Sydney Australia The Digital Economy Research Institute Nanjing University of Science and Technology Jiangsu Nanjing210094 China The Institute of High Performance Computing A*STAR Singapore The Digital Research Institute ENN Group China The Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China The National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing210096 China

Conventional synchronous federated learning (SFL) frameworks suffer from performance degradation in heterogeneous systems due to imbalanced local data size and diverse computing power on the client side. To address this problem, asynchronous FL (AFL) and semi-asynchronous FL have been proposed to recover the performance loss by allowing asynchronous aggregation. However, asynchronous aggregation incurs a new problem of inconsistency between local updates and global updates. Motivated by the issues of conventional SFL and AFL, we first propose a time-driven SFL (T-SFL) framework for heterogeneous systems. The core idea of T-SFL is that the server aggregates the models from different clients, each with varying numbers of iterations, at regular time intervals. To evaluate the learning performance of T-SFL, we provide an upper bound on the global loss function. Further, we optimize the aggregation weights to minimize the developed upper bound. Then, we develop a discriminative model selection (DMS) algorithm that removes local models from clients whose number of iterations falls below a predetermined threshold. In particular, this algorithm ensures that each client’s aggregation weight accurately reflects its true contribution to the global model update, thereby improving the efficiency and robustness of the system. To validate the effectiveness of T-SFL with the DMS algorithm, we conduct extensive experiments using several popular datasets including MNIST, Cifar-10, Fashion-MNIST, and SVHN. The experimental results demonstrate that T-SFL with the DMS algorithm can reduce the latency of conventional SFL by 50%, while achieving an average 3% improvement in learning accuracy over state-of-the-art AFL algorithms. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Learning algorithms

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Optical Anisotropy in van der Waals materials: Impact on Direct Excitation of Plasmons and Photons by Quantum Tunneling

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Light(science & applications) 2021年第12期10卷 2387-2398页

作者： Zhe Wang Vijith Kalathingal Thanh Xuan Hoang Hong-Son Chu Christian A.Nijhuis Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore3 Science Drive 3Singapore 117543Singapore Centre for Advanced 2D Materials National University of Singapore6 Science Drive 2Singapore 117564Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore 117583Singapore Department of Electronics and Photonics Institute of High Performance ComputingA*STAR(Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research)1 Fusionopolis WaySingapore 138632Singapore Hybrid Materials for Opto-Electronics Group Department of Molecules and MaterialsMESA+Institute for Nanotechnology and Center for Brain-Inspired Nano SystemsFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Twente7500 AE EnschedeThe Netherlands

Inelastic quantum mechanical tunneling of electrons across plasmonic tunnel junctions can lead to surface plasmon polariton(SPP)and photon *** far,the optical properties of such junctions have been controlled by changing the shape,or the type of the material,of the electrodes,primarily with the aim to improve SPP or photon emission *** we show that by tuning the tunneling barrier itself,the efficiency of the inelastic tunneling rates can be improved by a factor of *** exploit the anisotropic nature of hexagonal boron nitride(hBN)as the tunneling barrier material in Au//hBN//graphene tunnel junctions where the Au electrode also serves as a plasmonic strip *** this junction constitutes an optically transparent hBN–graphene heterostructure on a glass substrate,it forms an open plasmonic system where the SPPs are directly coupled to the dedicated strip waveguide and photons outcouple to the far *** experimentally and analytically show that the photon emission rate per tunneling electron is significantly improved(~×3)in Au//hBN//graphene tunnel junction due to the enhancement in the local density of optical states(LDOS)arising from the hBN *** the dedicated strip waveguide,SPP outcoupling efficiency is quantified and is found to be∼80%stronger than the radiative outcoupling in Au//hBN//graphene due to the high LDOS of the SPP decay channel associated with the inelastic *** new insights elucidated here deepen our understanding of plasmonic tunnel junctions beyond the isotropic models with enhanced LDOS.

关键词： tunneling strip coupling

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