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DL-Chain: Scalable and Stable Blockchain Sharding with high Concurrency via Dual-Layer Consensus

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Lin, You Li, Mingzhe Wei, Qingsong Liu, Yong Goh, Siow Mong Rick Zhang, Jin The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Safety and Security for Next Generation of Industrial Internet Department of Computer Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China The Department of Computer Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China The Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong The Institute of High Performance Computing A*STAR Singapore Singapore The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Safety and Security for Next Generation of Industrial Internet Department of Computer Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China

Sharding enhances blockchain scalability by partitioning nodes into multiple groups for concurrent transaction processing. Configuring a large number of small shards helps improve the transaction concurrency of a sharding system. However, it increases the fraction of malicious nodes within each shard, easily leading to shard corruption and jeopardizing system security. Some existing works have attempted to improve concurrency by reducing the shard size while maintaining security. However, they often require frequent and time-consuming recovery of corrupted shards, leading to severe system stagnation. Also, they usually require network-wide consensus to guarantee security, which limits scalability. To address these issues, we propose DL-Chain, a blockchain sharding system that can securely provide high concurrency with stable and scalable performance. Our core idea is a Dual-Layer architecture and consensus, which consists of numerous smaller proposer shards (PSs) for transaction processing and multiple larger finalizer committees (FCs) for transaction finalization. To avoid system stagnation and thus guarantee stable performance, we ensure PSs’ liveness even if they are corrupted through the cooperation of PSs and FCs, thus eliminating the recovery process of corrupted PSs. To better trade-off security and scalability, we fine-tune the FCs to enable multiple FCs to coexist securely. As a result, DL-Chain allows a larger fraction of malicious nodes in each PS ( Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Blockchain

An Annotation-free Restoration Network for Cataractous Fundus Images

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Li, Heng Liu, Haofeng Hu, Yan Fu, Huazhu Zhao, Yitian Miao, Hanpei Liu, Jiang The Department of Computer Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China The Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo315201 China The Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore Singapore Research Institute of Trustworthy Autonomous Systems Department of Computer Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China

Cataracts are the leading cause of vision loss worldwide. Restoration algorithms are developed to improve the readability of cataract fundus images in order to increase the certainty in diagnosis and treatment for cataract patients. Unfortunately, the requirement of annotation limits the application of these algorithms in clinics. This paper proposes a network to annotation-freely restore cataractous fundus images (ArcNet) so as to boost the clinical practicability of restoration. Annotations are unnecessary in ArcNet, where the high-frequency component is extracted from fundus images to replace segmentation in the preservation of retinal structures. The restoration model is learned from the synthesized images and adapted to real cataract images. Extensive experiments are implemented to verify the performance and effectiveness of ArcNet. Favorable performance is achieved using ArcNet against state-of-the-art algorithms, and the diagnosis of ocular fundus diseases in cataract patients is promoted by ArcNet. The capability of properly restoring cataractous images in the absence of annotated data promises the proposed algorithm outstanding clinical practicability. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Restoration

Soft Error Reliability Analysis of Vision Transformers

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Xue, Xinghua Liu, Cheng Wang, Ying Yang, Bing Luo, Tao Zhang, Lei Li, Huawei Li, Xiaowei State Key Lab of Processors Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Department of Computer Science and Technology Harbin University of Science of Technology Harbin150006 China Institute of High Performance Computing A*STAR Singapore

Vision Transformers (ViTs) that leverage self-attention mechanism have shown superior performance on many classical vision tasks compared to convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and gain increasing popularity recently. Existing ViTs works mainly optimize performance and accuracy, but ViTs reliability issues induced by soft errors in large-scale VLSI designs have generally been overlooked. In this work, we mainly study the reliability of ViTs and investigate the vulnerability from different architecture granularities ranging from models, layers, modules, and patches for the first time. The investigation reveals that ViTs with the self-attention mechanism are generally more resilient on linear computing including general matrix-matrix multiplication (GEMM) and full connection (FC) and show a relatively even vulnerability distribution across the patches. ViTs involve more fragile non-linear computing such as softmax and GELU compared to typical CNNs. With the above observations, we propose a lightweight block-wise algorithm-based fault tolerance (LB-ABFT) approach to protect the linear computing implemented with distinct sizes of GEMM and apply a range-based protection scheme to mitigate soft errors in non-linear computing. According to our experiments, the proposed fault-tolerant approaches enhance ViTs accuracy significantly with minor computing overhead in presence of various soft errors. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reliability analysis

Fast Full Wave Analysis of A Cylindrical Antenna Using A Single Integral with An Exact Kernel

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Fast Full Wave Analysis of A Cylindrical Antenna Using A Sin...

2002 3rd International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology

作者： Chan-Ping Lim Le-Wei Li Er-Ping Li Computational Electromagnetics and Electronics Division Institute of High Performance Computing 1 Science Park Road Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Singapore-MIT Alliance National University of Singapore 10 Kent Ridge CrescentSingapore 119260.

ISBN: (纸本)078037486X

This paper presents a fast approach in the method of moments(MoM) analysis so as to obtain the non-uniform current distributions of cylindrical antennas with electrically large *** oblique incident field in its general form and a delta-gap source are considered in the formulation of non-uniform current distributions. In the Galerkin's MoM procedure,the Fourier cosine series is considered as the entire domain basis function *** this formulation,the kernel is represented by a series of weighted spherical Hankel functions of the second kind and the convergence of this series is *** the result,the computation time is *** package is used to obtain and plot the current distributions along the cylindrical antennas.

关键词： Dipole Antennas Cylindrical Antennas Electromagnetic Radiation Method of Moment and Current distribution

A Survey on Edge Detection based recent Marine Horizon Line Detection Methods and their Applications

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A Survey on Edge Detection based recent Marine Horizon Line ...

International Conference on computing, Mathematics and engineering Technologies (iCoMET)

作者： Manzoor Ahmed Hashmani Muhammad Umair Syed Sajjad Hussain Rizvi Abdul Rehman Gilal High-Performance Cloud Computing Center (HPC3) Center for Research in Data Science (CERDAS) Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Seri Iskandar Malaysia High-Performance Cloud Computing Center (HPC3) Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Seri Iskandar Malaysia Faculty of Engineering Sciences and Technology Hamdard University Karachi Pakistan Department of Computer Science Sukkur IBA University Sukkur Pakistan

ISBN: (数字)9781728149707

ISBN: (纸本)9781728149714

Sea and sky boundary identification (i.e. marine horizon line detection) from a marine image is a problem of great interest for reasons such as, unmanned surface or aerial vehicle navigation, surveillance by object detection and tracking, and determining the spatial orientation of the ship. Due to the complexity of the marine environment, the problem poses its own unique challenges. In recent years, different methods have been proposed by the researchers to solve the problem. Those methods can be grouped into two categories; (i) edge detection based horizon detection, and (ii) machine learning-based horizon detection. In this paper, we present a survey on edge detection based recent marine horizon line detection methods and their applications. We have selected studies from the previous three years and discussed each study's approach to marine horizon line detection issue, the datasets used for testing purposes and its results. The authors' observations for each study are presented with a recommendation for their suitability for a specific application in the marine environment. Findings of the survey and future research directions for the researchers are also identified and presented. We hope that this survey paper provides a comprehensive overview of edge detection based recent marine horizon line detection methods and help the researchers in exploring new solutions to this challenging problem.

关键词： Image edge detection Transforms Gray-scale Feature extraction Real-time systems Computational efficiency Image color analysis

On Reliability and Security in Knowledge Grids

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On Reliability and Security in Knowledge Grids

International Conference on P2P, Parallel, Grid, Cloud and Internet computing (3PGCIC)

作者： Christian Esposito Massimo Ficco Francesco Palmieri Vincenzo Loia Institute of High Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR) Italian National Research Council (CNR) Naples Italy Department of Industrial and Information Engineering Second University of Naples Aversa CE Italy Department of Computer Science University of Salerno Fisciano SA Italy

Proper knowledge management and advanced semantic reasoning are of pivotal importance in promoting innovation and productivity in a cooperative team and opening new opportunities in commerce, science, and computing applications. To address such a requirements a series of solutions for distributed knowledge management have been proposed over the last decade, among which the most promising is the so-called knowledge grid. Such infrastructures have been traditionally designed for science and educational applications, but they are starting to be progressively used in more critical scenarios, such as disaster management and recovery, or financial services. This imposes the need of providing reliability and security within the context of knowledge grids. The goal of this paper is to define such needs and to describe the correspondence of the available solutions to these needs. Last, we highlight possible space for research opportunities within the topics of reliability and security in knowledge grids.

关键词： Reliability Security Knowledge engineering Semantics Routing Context Distributed databases

Consistency and Diversity induced Human Motion Segmentation

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Zhou, Tao Fu, Huazhu Gong, Chen Shao, Ling Porikli, Fatih Ling, Haibin Shen, Jianbing The PCA Lab The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Systems for High-Dimensional Information Ministry of Education School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore Riyadh Saudi Arabia The Research School of Engineering The Australian National University Australia The Department of Computer Science Stony Brook University Strony Brook NY United States The State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City Department of Computer and Information Science University United States

Subspace clustering is a classical technique that has been widely used for human motion segmentation and other related tasks. However, existing segmentation methods often cluster data without guidance from prior knowledge, resulting in unsatisfactory segmentation results. To this end, we propose a novel Consistency and Diversity induced human Motion Segmentation (CDMS) algorithm. Specifically, our model factorizes the source and target data into distinct multi-layer feature spaces, in which transfer subspace learning is conducted on different layers to capture multi-level information. A multi-mutual consistency learning strategy is carried out to reduce the domain gap between the source and target data. In this way, the domain-specific knowledge and domain-invariant properties can be explored simultaneously. Besides, a novel constraint based on the Hilbert Schmidt Independence Criterion (HSIC) is introduced to ensure the diversity of multi-level subspace representations, which enables the complementarity of multi-level representations to be explored to boost the transfer learning performance. Moreover, to preserve the temporal correlations, an enhanced graph regularizer is imposed on the learned representation coefficients and the multi-level representations of the source data. The proposed model can be efficiently solved using the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) algorithm. Extensive experimental results on public human motion datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our method against several state-of-the-art approaches. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Motion analysis

Lane marking detection algorithm based on high-precision map and multisensor fusion

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Lane marking detection algorithm based on high-precision map...

作者： Yao, Haichang Chen, Chen Liu, Shangdong Li, Kui Ji, Yimu Huang, Guangyan Wang, Ruchuan School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing China School of Computer and Software Nanjing Institute of Industry Technology Nanjing China Industrial Software Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Jiangsu Education Department Nanjing Institute of Industry Technology Nanjing China Jiangsu HPC and Intelligent Processing Engineer Research Center Nanjing China Institute of High Performance Computing and Bigdata Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing China School of Information Technology Deakin University Melbourne Australia

In case of sharp road illumination changes, bad weather such as rain, snow or fog, wear or missing of the lane marking, the reflective water stain on the road surface, the shadow obstruction of the tree, and mixed lane markings and other signs, missing detection or wrong detection will occur for the traditional lane marking detection algorithm. In this manuscript, a lane marking detection algorithm based on high-precision map and multisensor fusion is proposed. The basic principle of the algorithm is to use the centimeter-level high-precision positioning combined with high-precision map data to complete the detection of lane markings. In the process of generating high-precision maps or in the uncovered areas of high-precision maps, LIDAR (LIght Detection And Ranging) is used to estimate the curvature of the road to assist in lane marking detection. The experimental results show that the algorithm has lower false detection rate in case of bad road conditions, and the algorithm is robust. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： Roads and streets

SpaceCube GHOST: A Resilient Processor for Low-Power, high-Reliability Space computing

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SpaceCube GHOST: A Resilient Processor for Low-Power, High-R...

IEEE Conference on Aerospace

作者： Noah Perryman Nicholas Franconi Gary Crum Christopher Wilson Alan D. George Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering NSF Center for Space High-Performance and Resilient Computing (SHREC) University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA Science Data Processing Branch Code 587 Software Engineering Division NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD

There is a direct need for high-visibility NASA missions that provide significant scientific impact or have a high mission class using completely radiation-hardened (rad-hard) electronics solutions, to enable artificial intelligence (AI) applications in harsh environments despite severe size, weight, and power (SWaP) constraints. For these missions, where current state-of-the-art solutions are too power-demanding or are incapable of surviving the intended radiation environment, an alternative rad-hard processing architecture that can leverage the control-flow capabilities of scalar processors while also incorporating the hardware-acceleration capabilities of an FPGA is of significant value. Therefore, in this research, we propose a miniaturized (3.5 in. × 3.5 in. form factor) processor card featuring the GR740 quad-core rad-hard processor and the CertusPro-NX-RT radiation-tolerant FPGA, called the SpaceCube GR740 Host for Onboard science and Telemetry (GHOST) architecture. The card will be designed to conform to the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) CubeSat Card Specification (CS2), which provides a common template to build new 1U CubeSat-sized cards compatible with a variety of other avionics designs. The GR740 features a fault-tolerant quad- processor LEON4FT SPARC V8 integer unit with a 7-stage pipeline and 4×4 KiB instruction and data caches. To extend the capabilities of the GR740, the CertusPro-NX-RT, a low-power radiation-tolerant FPGA, was combined to create a hybrid system architecture, providing the benefits of a programmable logic fabric. The GHOST architecture supports high-reliability, general-purpose processing and system monitoring via the GR740 while simultaneously increasing the AI-based application performance via a combination of the GR740 and CertusPro-NX-RT.

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