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4th high performance computing and Cluster Technologies Conference, HPCCT 2020 and the 3rd International Conference on Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, BDAI 2020

作者： Zhao, Tianhai Wang, Yunlan Wang, Xu Northwestern Polytechnical University School of Computer Science and Engineering Center for High Performance Computing Xi'an Shaanxi China

ISBN: (纸本)9781450375603

Communication plays an important role in MPI applications, and reduce operations are heavily used part of MPI. In this paper, we propose a k-nomial tree topology and a hierarchy tree topology to optimize the Reduce operation in MPI. The k-nomial tree can effectively decrease the communication steps and is suitable for lots of processes. Compared with the binomial tree algorithm in small and medium size messages, the Reduce operation performed by the k-nomial tree can improve communication performance by 46%. Hierarchy trees can dynamically group processes at run time to take advantage of high bandwidth to communicate as much as possible within nodes. The test results show that compared with the binomial tree algorithm, the performance of the hierarchy tree algorithm is stable. For Reduce operation, we can get a 30% performance improvement. © 2020 ACM.

关键词： Trees (mathematics)

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Combining RTT and ECN for RoCEv2 Protocol 20

Combining RTT and ECN for RoCEv2 Protocol

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4th high performance computing and Cluster Technologies Conference, HPCCT 2020 and the 3rd International Conference on Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, BDAI 2020

作者： Wang, Yunlan Lan, Ming Zhao, Tianhai Gao, Zhaokui Xie, Min School of Computer Science and Engineering Center for High Performance Computing Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi China

ISBN: (纸本)9781450375603

Remote direct memory access (RDMA) has the advantages of direct user-level access to HW, asynchronous communication, etc. RoCEv2 protocol enables RDMA technology to be used in large-scale data centers over Ethernet. It provides high throughput and low latency for data center, but it faces the problem of network congestion caused by RoCEv2 data flow. Efficient congestion control strategy plays an important role in the performance of RoCEv2 based data center network. At present, the network congestion control algorithms for RoCEv2 protocol are mainly based on ECN marked DCQCN and RTT based TIMELY. ECN and RTT have different characteristics and advantages. ECN is more effective to prevent packet losses;whereas RTT controls end-to-end queuing delay better. In this paper, a new algorithm RTT_DCQCN is presented for congestion control which is based on DCQCN. In RTT_DCQCN, the CNP generation mechanism and rate adjustment strategy are optimized;and the scheme of introducing RTT signal into DCQCN is proposed, in which the congestion degree is judged by using ECN and RTT together. The RoCEv2 protocol is implemented on ns-3 network simulation platform. The simulation experiment on ns-3 proved that RTT_DCQCN is valid for the aim of improving stability, fairness and throughput of the RoCEv2 data flows. © 2020 ACM.

关键词： Simulation platform

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LazyDB: I/O Optimization of Blockchain Storage System Based on Non-Volatile Memory

LazyDB: I/O Optimization of Blockchain Storage System Based ...

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Information science, Parallel and Distributed Systems (ISPDS), International Conference on

作者： Yang Liu Xuran Ge Nong Xiao Zhiguang Chen Yang Ou State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Computing Institute for Quantum Information College of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha China School of computer science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China College of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha China

For the blockchain storage system, this paper proposes an I/O optimization scheme based on non-volatile memory based on the storage performance requirements of the blockchain system application. This scheme adopts the key-value separation strategy. Due to the uncertain size of transaction data, by separating the “key” and “value” of transaction data, the inherent read-write amplification problem of the LSM-Tree structure is solved. The key-value separation strategy redesigns the storage system's space management and garbage collection mechanisms. Therefore, this chapter uses the byte-addressing characteristics of non-volatile memory to build a new data storage structure, a lazy compression mechanism, and a lazy garbage collection mechanism. On this basis, this paper builds a LazyDB database system for blockchain storage. To ensure the safe and reliable operation of the blockchain system, it can make full use of the storage medium and data characteristics, reducing the blockchain reading and writing process. The I/O overhead in the storage system improves the storage performance of the system. The experimental results show that compared with the most commonly used databases, such as LevelDB and RocksDB in the blockchain system, LazyDB effectively reduces the write amplification of the system and has higher read, write, and data update performance.

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A Computational Test of Contextuality and, Even Simpler Proofs of Quantumness

A Computational Test of Contextuality and, Even Simpler Proo...

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Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of computer science

作者： Atul Singh Arora Kishor Bharti Alexandru Cojocaru Andrea Coladangelo QuICS University of Maryland College Park USA IQIM Caltech Pasadena USA A*STAR Quantum Innovation Centre Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore School of Informatics University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Washington Seattle USA

ISBN: (数字)9798331516741

ISBN: (纸本)9798331516758

Bell non-locality is a fundamental feature of quantum mechanics whereby measurements performed on “spatially separated” quantum systems can exhibit correlations that cannot be understood as revealing predetermined values. This is a special case of the more general phenomenon of “quantum contextuality”, which says that such correlations can occur even when the measurements are not necessarily on separate quantum systems, but are merely “compatible” (i.e. commuting). Crucially, while any non-local game yields an experiment that demonstrates quantum advantage by leveraging the “spatial separation” of two or more devices (and in fact several such demonstrations have been conducted successfully in recent years), the same is not true for quantum contextuality: finding the contextuality analogue of such an experiment is arguably one of the central open questions in the foundations of quantum mechanics. In this work, we show that an arbitrary contextuality game can be compiled into an “operational test of contextuality” involving a single quantum device, by only making the assumption that the device is computationally bounded. Our work is inspired by the recent work of Kalai et al. (STOC '23) that converts any non-local game into a classical test of quantum advantage with a single device. The central idea in their work is to use cryptography to enforce spatial separation within subsystems of a single quantum device. Our work can be seen as using cryptography to enforce “temporal separation”, i.e. to restrict communication between sequential measurements. Beyond contextuality, we employ our ideas to design a “proof of quantumness” that, to the best of our knowledge, is arguably even simpler than the ones proposed in the literature so far.

关键词： computer science Quantum system Quantum advantage Correlation Games Mechanical variables measurement Encryption

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Preparing a commercial quantum key distribution system for certification against implementation loopholes

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Physical Review Applied 2024年第4期22卷 044076页

作者： Vadim Makarov Alexey Abrikosov Poompong Chaiwongkhot Aleksey K. Fedorov Anqi Huang Evgeny Kiktenko Mikhail Petrov Anastasiya Ponosova Daria Ruzhitskaya Andrey Tayduganov Daniil Trefilov Konstantin Zaitsev Skolkovo Moscow 121205 Russia Vigo Quantum Communication Center NTI Center for Quantum Communications Department of Physics Faculty of Science Institute for Quantum Computing Department of Physics and Astronomy Quantum technology foundation (Thailand) Bangkok 10110 Thailand QRate Skolkovo Moscow 143026 Russia Institute for Quantum Information & State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer Science and Technology Moscow 119991 Russia atlanTTic Research Center School of Telecommunication Engineering Department of Signal Theory and Communications Moscow 101000 Russia

A commercial quantum key distribution (QKD) system needs to be formally certified to enable its wide deployment. The certification should include the system’s robustness against known implementation loopholes and attacks that exploit them. Here we ready a fiber-optic QKD system for this procedure. The system has a prepare-and-measure scheme with decoy-state BB84 protocol, polarization encoding, a qubit source rate of 312.5 MHz, and is manufactured by QRate. We detail its hardware and postprocessing. We analyze the hardware for known implementation loopholes, search for possible new loopholes, and discuss countermeasures. We then amend the system design to address the highest-risk loopholes identified. We also work out technical requirements on the certification lab and outline its possible structure.

关键词： Quantum communication Quantum cryptography Quantum protocols

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The SMART BEAR Project: An Overview of Its Infrastructure 7th

The SMART BEAR Project: An Overview of Its Infrastructure

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7th and 8th International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Ageing Well and e-Health, ICT4AWE 2021 and ICT4AWE 2022

作者： Su, Qiqi Peretokin, Vadim Basdekis, Ioannis Kouris, Ioannis Maggesi, Jonatan Sicuranza, Mario Acebes, Alberto Bucur, Anca Mukkala, Vinod Jaswanth Roy Pozdniakov, Konstantin Kloukinas, Christos Koutsouris, Dimitrios D. Iliadou, Elefteria Leontsinis, Ioannis Gallo, Luigi De Pietro, Giuseppe Spanoudakis, George Department of Computer Science City University of London London United Kingdom Philips Research Eindhoven Netherlands SPHYNX Technology Solutions AG Zug Switzerland Biomedical Engineering Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens Athens Greece Computer Science Department Università degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy Institute for High-Performance Computing and Networking National Research Council of Italy ICAR - CNR Naples Italy Atos Research and Innovation Madrid Spain 1st Otolaryngology University Department National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece 1st Cardiology Clinic Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9783031374951

The paper describes a cloud-based platform that utilizes Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Explainable AI techniques to deliver evidence-based, personalized interventions to individuals over 65 suffering or at risk of hearing loss, cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairments, balance disorders, or mental health issues, while supporting efficient remote monitoring and clinician-driven guidance. As part of the SMART BEAR integrated project, this platform has been developed to support its large-scale clinical trials. The platform consists of a standards-based data harmonization and management layer, as well as a security component, a Big Data Analytics system, a Clinical Decision Support system, and a dashboard component to facilitate efficient data collection across pilot sites. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Artificial intelligence

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Recent Advances and Challenges of 2D Fourier Transform Computational Accelerator Using GHz Ultrasonics

Recent Advances and Challenges of 2D Fourier Transform Compu...

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IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology

作者： Daniel Ssu-Han Chen Yong Shun Teo Yi Xuan Yeo Shyam Trivedi Xing Haw Marvin Tan Zaifeng Yang Eva Leong Ching Wai Yu-Shun Wang Jaibir Sharma Viet Phuong Bui Ching Eng Png Amit Lal Yao Zhu Kevin Tshun Chuan Chai The Institute of Microelectronics (IME) Agency for Science Technology and Research (A *STAR) Singapore Republic of Singapore The Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC) Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore Republic of Singapore The School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cornell University Ithaca NY USA

This paper reports on the latest advances and challenges of a 2D Fourier Transform Computational Accelerator using GHz Ultrasonics. Firstly, the accelerator architecture is presented in four parts: (1) a brief overview of the system architecture and the principles of Fourier Transform using ultrasonic waves; (2) CMOS circuit architecture of the transmitter and receiver IC; (3) MEMS transducer pixel design and post-CMOS integration; and (4) GHz acoustic meta-lens design. The following section discusses the latest advances in the sonic DAC and front-end receiver CMOS circuit testing, CMOS-MEMS integration, fabrication of GHz flat acoustic meta-lens, and studies of a novel low-temperature heterogeneous integration process suitable for GHz acoustic transmission.

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Non-Linearity Corrections of Tapered Baw Transducers for Accurate FFT Computation Using Ultrasonic Wavefront computing

Non-Linearity Corrections of Tapered Baw Transducers for Acc...

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International Conference on Solid State Sensors and Actuators (TRANSDUCERS)

作者： Zaifeng Yang Xing Haw Marvin Tan Daniel Ssu-Han Chen Bui Viet Phuong Kevin Tshun-Chuan Chai Ching Eng Png Amit Lal Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC) Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore Republic of Singapore Institute of Microelectronics (IME) Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore Republic of Singapore School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cornell University Ithaca NY USA

We report a method to correct the non-linearity of tapered bulk-acoustic-wave (BAW) transducers for accurate Fourier Transform computation in an emerging highly efficient MEMS-based ultrasonic wavefront computing apparatus (UWFCA). The corrected design of the BAW transducer array minimizes not only the deviations from the design without tapered effect, but also the deviations from the analytical FFT results. Additionally, we further generalize the scaling corrected equations for the design of BAW transducers with arbitrary tapered angles from 0 to 60 degrees to guide the fabrication of the UWFCA.

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Towards high-throughput and low-latency billion-scale vector search via CPU/GPU collaborative filtering and re-ranking 25

Towards high-throughput and low-latency billion-scale vector...

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Proceedings of the 23rd USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies

作者： Bing Tian Haikun Liu Yuhang Tang Shihai Xiao Zhuohui Duan Xiaofei Liao Hai Jin Xuecang Zhang Junhua Zhu Yu Zhang National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Service Computing Technology and System Lab/Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology China Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd Towards high-throughput and low-latency billion-scale vector search via CPU/GPU collaborative filtering and re-ranking

ISBN: (纸本)9781939133458

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) has emerged as a crucial component of database and AI infrastructure. Ever-increasing vector datasets pose significant challenges in terms of performance, cost, and accuracy for ANNS services. None of modern ANNS systems can address these issues simultaneously. In this paper, we present Fusion-ANNS, a high-throughput, low-latency, cost-efficient, and high-accuracy ANNS system for billion-scale datasets using SSDs and only one entry-level GPU. The key idea of Fusion-ANNS lies in CPU/GPU collaborative filtering and reranking mechanisms, which significantly reduce I/O operations across CPUs, GPU, and SSDs to break through the I/O performance bottleneck. Specifically, we propose three novel designs: (1) multi-tiered indexing to avoid data swapping between CPUs and GPU, (2) heuristic re-ranking to eliminate unnecessary I/Os and computations while guaranteeing high accuracy, and (3) redundant-aware I/O deduplication to further improve I/O efficiency. We implement FusionANNS and compare it with the state-of-the-art SSD-based ANNS system-SPANN and GPU-accelerated in-memory ANNS system-RUMMY. Experimental results show that FusionANNS achieves 1) 9.4-13.1× higher query per second (QPS) and 5.7-8.8× higher cost efficiency compared with SPANN; 2) and 2-4.9× higher QPS and 2.3-6.8× higher cost efficiency compared with RUMMY, while guaranteeing low latency and high accuracy.

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Complex Permeability Determination for EE Core Based on Flexible PCB Fixture and Magnetic Flux Path Length Analysis

Complex Permeability Determination for EE Core Based on Flex...

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China Power Supply Society Electromagnetic Compatibility Conference (CPEMC)

作者： Huamin Jie Zhenyu Zhao Yongqi Chang Changdong Wang Shiqi Jiang Richard Xian-Ke Gao Kye Yak See School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Univeristy of Singapore Singapore Singapore Department of Control Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China School of Electronics and Information Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China A*STAR Institute of High Performance Computing Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (数字)9798331509552

ISBN: (纸本)9798331509569

The complex permeability of magnetic cores acts as a vital factor in electromagnetic interference (EMI) filtering choke design and optimization. Many efforts have been reported for toroid cores, but fewer target those with other shapes, such as EE, EI, UU, and UI cores. Owing to their commonly used in planar EMI filters, determining the complex permeability of them is of significance. Targeting EE cores, this paper presents a flexible printed circuit board (PCB)-based fixture adapter tailored designed for performing the measurement, while the corresponding core permeability can be calculated through magnetic flux path length analysis. The experiments validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed methods, spanning a wide frequency range up to 120 MHz.

关键词： Magnetic flux Accuracy Flexible printed circuits Magnetic cores Fixtures Electromagnetic interference Permeability measurement Length measurement Permeability Inductors

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