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Segmentation of Hematoxylin-Eosin stained breast cancer histopathological images based on pixel-wise SVM classifier

science China(Information sciences) 2015年第9期58卷 56-68页

作者： QU AiPing CHEN JiaMei WANG LinWei YUAN JingPing YANG Fang XIANG QingMing MASKEY Ninu YANG GuiFang LIU Juan LI Yan State Key Laboratory of Software Engineering School of Computer Wuhan University Center of High Performance Computing Huaihua University Department of Oncology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors & Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center Department of Pathology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University

Hematoxylin-Eosin(HE) staining is the routine diagnostic method for breast cancer(BC), and large amounts of HE stained histopathological images are available for analysis. It is emergent to develop computational methods to efficiently and objectively analyze these images, with the aim of providing potentially better diagnostic and prognostic information for BC. This work focuses on analyzing our in-house HE stained histopathological images of breast cancer tissues. Since tumor nests(TNs) and stroma morphological characteristics can reflect the biological behaviors of breast invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC), accurate segmentation of TNs and the stroma is the first step towards the subsequent quantitative analysis. We first propose a method based on the pixel-wise support vector machine(SVM) classifier for segmenting TNs and the stroma, then extract four morphological characters related to the TNs from the images and investigate their relationships with the patients’ 8-year disease free survival(8-DFS). The evaluation result shows that the classification based segmentation method is able to distinguish between TNs and stroma with 87.1% accuracy and 80.2% precision,suggesting that the proposed method is promising in segmenting HE stained IDC histopathological images. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves show that three morphological characters(number of TNs, total perimeter, and average area of TNs) in the images have statistical correlations with 8-DFS of the patients, illustrating that the segmented images can help to identify new morphological factors in IDC TNs for the prediction of BC prognosis.

关键词： breast cancer histopathology images segmentation image analysis support vector machine survival analysis

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PaaS: A revolution for information technology platforms

PaaS: A revolution for information technology platforms

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2010 International Conference on Educational and Network Technology, ICENT 2010

作者： Lv, Chengtong Li, Qing Lei, Zhou Peng, Junjie Zhang, Wu Wang, Tingting Department of Computer Engineering and Science Shanghai University Shanghai China High Performance Computing Center Shanghai University Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424476619

Cloud computing has been extremely tropical in the past few years. Both academic and industrial people have shown great interest in this area. Platform as a Service, which is the core application of cloud computing technologies, has got much attention as well. In this article, from the basic concept of PaaS, we analyze the basic characteristics of PaaS, and describe the current research status. Also we've discussed the future trends of Information Technology platforms. Then, we conclude the models of application developing based on PaaS. Finally, we've brought out the key technologies when realizing a PaaS platform. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Platform as a Service (PaaS)

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Strengthening-softening transition and maximum strength in Schwarz nanocrystals

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Nano Materials science 2024年第3期6卷 320-328页

作者： Hanzheng Xing Jiaxi Jiang Yujia Wang Yongpan Zeng Xiaoyan Li Center for Advanced Mechanics and Materials Applied Mechanics LaboratoryDepartment of Engineering MechanicsTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Institute of High Performance Computing(IHPC) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)Singapore138632Singapore

Recently,a Schwarz crystal structure with curved grain boundaries(GBs)constrained by twin-boundary(TB)networks was discovered in nanocrystalline Cu through experiments and atomistic *** Cu with nanosized Schwarz crystals exhibited high strength and excellent thermal ***,the grainsize effect and associated deformation mechanisms of Schwarz nanocrystals remain ***,we performed large-scale atomistic simulations to investigate the deformation behaviors and grain-size effect of nanocrystalline Cu with Schwarz *** simulations showed that similar to regular nanocrystals,Schwarz nanocrystals exhibit a strengthening-softening transition with decreasing grain *** critical grain size in Schwarz nanocrystals is smaller than that in regular nanocrystals,leading to a maximum strength higher than that of regular *** simulations revealed that the softening in Schwarz nanocrystals mainly originates from TB migration(or detwinning)and annihilation of GBs,rather than GB-mediated processes(including GB migration,sliding and diffusion)dominating the softening in regular *** analyses of simulation data further showed that compared with those in regular nanocrystals,the GB-mediated processes in Schwarz nanocrystals are suppressed,which is related to the low volume fraction of amorphous-like GBs and constraints of TB *** smaller critical grain size arises from the suppression of GB-mediated processes.

关键词： Schwarz nanocrystal Curved grain boundary Atomistic simulation Grain size effect Maximum strength

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An optimized BFS algorithm: A path to load balancing in MIC

An optimized BFS algorithm: A path to load balancing in MIC

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IEEE International Conference on computer and Communications, ICCC 2015

作者： Wang, Chenxu Lu, Yutong Zhang, Baida Gao, Tao Cheng, Peng Department of Computer Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology Changsha China State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781467381253

Graph traversal is a widely used algorithm in a variety of fields, including social networks, business analytics, and high-performance computing and so on. Graph traversal on single nodes has been well studied and optimized on modern CPU architectures. Now, heterogeneous computing is becoming more and more popular and CPU+MIC is a typical heterogeneous architectures. The Intel MIC (Many Integrated Core) has up to 57 cores and hasn't been fully evaluated for graph traversal. When use a MIC to traverse a graph, the MIC may suffer from loading imbalance for the reason that the degree of vertexes in a graph may differs very much, which can degrade system performance. So in this paper, an algorithmic design and optimization techniques are presented to load balancing in MIC. About the optimization design, the main idea is that treat the vertexes with big degree and the vertexes with small degree separately. For this reason, some adjustments will be made to existing algorithms and data structures. It has achieved almost big performance improvements over the BFS algorithm without loading balancing in MIC as shown in section VI. We believe that this novel algorithm can be successfully applied to a broader class of graph algorithms with many MIC cores. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Network architecture

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Enabling QoE-aware Mobile Cloud Video Recording over Roadside Vehicular Networks

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China Communications 2016年第8期13卷 63-73页

作者： Tongtong Jiang Zhaobin Deng Weiwei Huang Guoqing Zhang Department of Computer Science Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Processing Sun Yat-sen University Collaborative Innovation Center of High Performance Computing National University of Defense Technology Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Most of previous video recording devices in mobile vehicles commonly store captured video contents locally. With the rapid development of 4G/Wi Fi networks, there emerges a new trend to equip video recording devices with wireless interfaces to enable video uploading to the cloud for video playback in a later time point. In this paper, we propose a QoE-aware mobile cloud video recording scheme in the roadside vehicular networks, which can adaptively select the proper wireless interface and video bitrate for video uploading to the cloud. To maximize the total utility, we need to design a control strategy to carefully balance the transmission cost and the achieved QoE for users. To this purpose, we investigate the tradeoff between cost incurred by uploading through cellular networks and the achieved QoE of users. We apply the optimization framework to solve the formulated problem and design an online scheduling algorithm. We also conduct extensive trace-driven simulations and our results show that our algorithm achieves a good balance between the transmission cost and user QoE.

关键词： mobile cloud video vehicular networks quality-of-experience

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A method of generating random bits by using electronic bipolar memristor

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Chinese Physics B 2020年第4期29卷 535-540页

作者： Bin-Bin Yang Nuo Xu Er-Rui Zhou Zhi-Wei Li Cheng Li Pin-Yun Yi Liang Fang Institute for Quantum Information&State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of ComputerNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China College of Computer National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China College of Electronic Science and Engineering National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China

The intrinsic stochasticity of resistance switching process is one of the holdblocks for using memristor as a fundamental element in the next-generation nonvolatile ***,such a weakness can be used as an asset for generating the random bits,which is valuable in a hardware security *** this work,a forming-free electronic bipolar Pt/Ti/Ta2O5/Pt memristor is successfully fabricated to investigate the merits of generating random bits in such a *** resistance switching mechanism of the fabricated device is ascribed to the electric field conducted electrons trapping/de-trapping in the deep-energy-level traps produced by the"oxygen grabbing"*** stochasticity of the electrons trapping/detrapping governs the random distribution of the set/reset switching voltages of the device,making a single memristor act as a random bit in which the resistance of the device represents information and the applied voltage pulse serves as the triggering *** physical implementation of such a random process provides a method of generating the random bits based on memristors in hardware security applications.

关键词： memristor resistance switching electrons trapping/de-trapping random bits

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Scheduling user-level threads on distributed shared-memory multiprocessors

Scheduling user-level threads on distributed shared-memory m...

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5th International Conference on Parallel Processing, Euro-Par 1999

作者： Polychronopoulos, Eleftherios D. Papatheodorou, Theodore S. High Performance Computing Information Systems Laboratory Department of Computer Engineering and Informatics University of Patras Rio 26 500 Patras Greece

ISBN: (纸本)3540664432

In this paper we present Dynamic Bisectioning or DBS, a simple but powerful comprehensive scheduling policy for user-level threads, which unifies the exploitation of (multidimensional) loop and nested functional (or task) parallelism. Unlike other schemes that have been proposed and used thus far, DBS is not constrained to scheduling DAGs or singly nested parallel loops. Rather, our policy encompasses the most general type of parallel program model that allows arbitrary mix of nested loops and nested DAGs (directed acyclic task-graphs) or any combination of the above. DBS employs a simple but powerful two-level dynamic policy which is adaptive and sensitive to the type and amount of parallelism at hand. On one extreme DBS approximates static scheduling, hence facilitating locality of data, while at the other extreme it resorts to dynamic thread migration in order to balance uneven loads. Even the latter is done in a controlled way so as to minimize network latency. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1999.

关键词： Scheduling

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Verifying ReLU Neural Networks from a Model Checking Perspective

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Journal of computer science & Technology 2020年第6期35卷 1365-1381页

作者： Wan-Wei Liu Fu Song Tang-Hao-Ran Zhang Ji Wang College of Computer Science National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China School of Information Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Vision and Imaging Shanghai 201210China State Key Laboratory for High Performance Computing Changsha 410073China

Neural networks, as an important computing model, have a wide application in artificial intelligence (AI) domain. From the perspective of computer science, such a computing model requires a formal description of its behaviors, particularly the relation between input and output. In addition, such specifications ought to be verified automatically. ReLU (rectified linear unit) neural networks are intensively used in practice. In this paper, we present ReLU Temporal Logic (ReTL), whose semantics is defined with respect to ReLU neural networks, which could specify value-related properties about the network. We show that the model checking algorithm for theΣ2∪Π2 fragment of ReTL, which can express properties such as output reachability, is decidable in EXPSPACE. We have also implemented our algorithm with a prototype tool, and experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the presented model checking approach.

关键词： model checking rectified linear unit neural(ReLU)network temporal logic

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Integrated frameworks for multi-level and multi-formalism modeling 8

Integrated frameworks for multi-level and multi-formalism mo...

引用

8th International Workshop on Petri Nets and performance Models, PNPM 1999

作者： Sanders, William H. Center for Reliable and High-Performance Computing Coordinated Science Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0769503314

There have been significant advances in methods for specifying and solving models that aim to predict the performance and dependability of computer systems and networks. At the same time, however, there have been dramatic increases in the complexity of the systems whose performance and dependability must be evaluated, and considerable increases in the expectations of analysts that use performance/dependability evaluation tools. This paper briefly reviews the progress that has been made in the development of performance/dependability evaluation tools, and argues that the next important step is the creation of modeling frameworks and software environments that support multi-level, multi-formalism modeling and multiple solution methods within a single integrated framework. In addition, this paper presents an overview of the Mobius project, which aims to provide a modeling framework and software environment that support multiple modeling formalisms, methods for model composition and connection, and a way to integrate multiple analytical/numerical- and simulation-based model solution methods. Finally, it suggests research that must take place to make this aim a reality, and thus facilitate the performance and dependability evaluation of complex computer systems and networks. © 1999 IEEE.

关键词： Complex networks

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Fibrillar adhesives with unprecedented adhesion strength,switchability and scalability

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National science Review 2024年第10期11卷 20-33页

作者： Changhong Linghu Yangchengyi Liu Xudong Yang Dong Li Yee Yuan Tan Mohamed Haziq Bin Mohamed Hafiz Mohammad Fadhli Bin Rohani Zihao Du Jiangtao Su Yan Li Yucheng Huo Hanyan Xu Xiufeng Wang Yifan Wang Jing Yu Huajian Gao K.Jimmy Hsia School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University School of Materials Science and Engineering Xiangtan University Department of Engineering Mechanics Zhejiang University School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Institute of High-Performance Computing A*STAR Mechano-X Institute Applied Mechanics Laboratory Department of Engineering Mechanics Tsinghua University School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyNanyang Technological University

Bio-inspired fibrillar adhesives have received worldwide attention but their potentials have been limited by a trade-off between adhesion strength and adhesion switchability, and a size scale effect that restricts the fibrils to micro/nanoscales. Here, we report a class of adhesive fibrils that achieve unprecedented adhesion strength（～2 MPa）, switchability（～2000）, and scalability（up to millimeter-scale at the single fibril level）,by leveraging the rubber-to-glass（R2G） transition in shape memory polymers（SMPs）. Moreover, R2G SMP fibrillar adhesive arrays exhibit a switchability of >1000（with the aid of controlled buckling） and an adhesion efficiency of 57.8%, with apparent contact area scalable to 1000 mm2, outperforming existing fibrillar adhesives. We further demonstrate that the SMP fibrillar adhesives can be used as soft grippers and reusable superglue devices that are capable of holding and releasing heavy objects >2000 times of their own weight. These findings represent significant advances in smart fibrillar adhesives for numerous applications,especially those involving high-payload scenarios.

关键词： JKR-DMT transition rubber-to-glass (R2G) transition R2G fibrillar adhesives shape memory polymers adhesion switchability and scalability

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