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Optical Anisotropy in van der Waals materials: Impact on Direct Excitation of Plasmons and Photons by Quantum Tunneling

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Light(science & Applications) 2021年第12期10卷 2387-2398页

作者： Zhe Wang Vijith Kalathingal Thanh Xuan Hoang Hong-Son Chu Christian A.Nijhuis Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore3 Science Drive 3Singapore 117543Singapore Centre for Advanced 2D Materials National University of Singapore6 Science Drive 2Singapore 117564Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore 117583Singapore Department of Electronics and Photonics Institute of High Performance ComputingA*STAR(Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research)1 Fusionopolis WaySingapore 138632Singapore Hybrid Materials for Opto-Electronics Group Department of Molecules and MaterialsMESA+Institute for Nanotechnology and Center for Brain-Inspired Nano SystemsFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Twente7500 AE EnschedeThe Netherlands

Inelastic quantum mechanical tunneling of electrons across plasmonic tunnel junctions can lead to surface plasmon polariton(SPP)and photon *** far,the optical properties of such junctions have been controlled by changing the shape,or the type of the material,of the electrodes,primarily with the aim to improve SPP or photon emission *** we show that by tuning the tunneling barrier itself,the efficiency of the inelastic tunneling rates can be improved by a factor of *** exploit the anisotropic nature of hexagonal boron nitride(hBN)as the tunneling barrier material in Au//hBN//graphene tunnel junctions where the Au electrode also serves as a plasmonic strip *** this junction constitutes an optically transparent hBN–graphene heterostructure on a glass substrate,it forms an open plasmonic system where the SPPs are directly coupled to the dedicated strip waveguide and photons outcouple to the far *** experimentally and analytically show that the photon emission rate per tunneling electron is significantly improved(~×3)in Au//hBN//graphene tunnel junction due to the enhancement in the local density of optical states(LDOS)arising from the hBN *** the dedicated strip waveguide,SPP outcoupling efficiency is quantified and is found to be∼80%stronger than the radiative outcoupling in Au//hBN//graphene due to the high LDOS of the SPP decay channel associated with the inelastic *** new insights elucidated here deepen our understanding of plasmonic tunnel junctions beyond the isotropic models with enhanced LDOS.

关键词： tunneling strip coupling

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Adaptive Wavelet Filters as Practical Texture Feature Amplifiers for Parkinson’s Disease Screening in OCT

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhang, Xiaoqing Shi, Hanfeng Li, Xiangyu Ye, Haili Xu, Tao Li, Na Hu, Yan Lv, Fan Chen, Jiangfan Liu, Jiang Center for High Performance Computing and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Bioinformatics Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China Research Institute of Trustworthy Autonomous Systems Department of Computer Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Optometry and Vision Science Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China Centre for Computational Science and Mathematical Modelling Coventry University Coventry United Kingdom School of Computer Science University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo315100 China School of Ophthalmology and Optometry Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou325035 China Department of Electronic and Information Engineering Changchun University Changchun130022 China

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder globally. The eye’s retina is an extension of the brain and has great potential in PD screening. Recent studies have suggested that texture features extracted from retinal layers can be adopted as biomarkers for PD diagnosis under optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. Frequency domain learning techniques can enhance the feature representations of deep neural networks (DNNs) by decomposing frequency components involving rich texture features. Additionally, previous works have not exploited texture features for automated PD screening in OCT. Motivated by the above analysis, we propose a novel Adaptive Wavelet Filter (AWF) that serves as the Practical Texture Feature Amplifier to fully leverage the merits of texture features to boost the PD screening performance of DNNs with the aid of frequency domain learning. Specifically, AWF first enhances texture feature representation diversities via channel mixer, then emphasizes informative texture feature representations with the well-designed adaptive wavelet filtering token mixer. By combining the AWFs with the DNN stem, AWFNet is constructed for automated PD screening. Additionally, we introduce a novel Balanced Confidence (BC) Loss by mining the potential of sample-wise predicted probabilities of all classes and class frequency prior, to further boost the PD screening performance and trustworthiness of AWFNet. The extensive experiments manifest the superiority of our AWFNet and BC over state-of-the-art methods in terms of PD screening performance and trustworthiness. © 2025, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Neurodegenerative diseases

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dugMatting: Decomposed-Uncertainty-Guided Matting

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Wu, Jiawei Zhang, Changqing Li, Zuoyong Fu, Huazhu Peng, Xi Zhou, Joey Tianyi College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China College of Intelligence and Computing Tianjin University Tianjin China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Processing and Intelligent Control Minjiang University Fuzhou China Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore College of Computer Science Sichuan University Chengdu China Singapore

Cutting out an object and estimating its opacity mask, known as image matting, is a key task in image and video editing. Due to the highly ill-posed issue, additional inputs, typically user-defined trimaps or scribbles, are usually needed to reduce the uncertainty. Although effective, it is either time consuming or only suitable for experienced users who know where to place the strokes. In this work, we propose a decomposed-uncertainty-guided matting (dugMatting) algorithm, which explores the explicitly decomposed uncertainties to efficiently and effectively improve the results. Basing on the characteristic of these uncertainties, the epistemic uncertainty is reduced in the process of guiding interaction (which introduces prior knowledge), while the aleatoric uncertainty is reduced in modeling data distribution (which introduces statistics for both data and possible noise). The proposed matting framework relieves the requirement for users to determine the interaction areas by using simple and efficient labeling. Extensively quantitative and qualitative results validate that the proposed method significantly improves the original matting algorithms in terms of both efficiency and efficacy. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Uncertainty analysis

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Parenting: Optimizing Knowledge Selection of Retrieval-Augmented Language Models with Parameter Decoupling and Tailored Tuning

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Xu, Yongxin Zhang, Ruizhe Jiang, Xinke Feng, Yujie Xiao, Yuzhen Ma, Xinyu Zhu, Runchuan Chu, Xu Zhao, Junfeng Wang, Yasha School of Computer Science School of Software & Microelectronics Peking University Beijing China Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies Ministry of Education Beijing China Center on Frontiers of Computing Studies Peking University Beijing China National Engineering Research Center For Software Engineering Peking University Beijing China Department of Computing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) offers an effective solution to the issues faced by Large Language Models (LLMs) in hallucination generation and knowledge obsolescence by incorporating externally retrieved knowledge. However, due to potential conflicts between internal and external knowledge, as well as retrieval noise, LLMs often struggle to effectively integrate external evidence, leading to a decline in performance. Although existing methods attempt to tackle these challenges, they often struggle to strike a balance between model adherence and robustness, resulting in significant learning variance. Inspired by human cognitive processes, we propose Parenting, a novel framework that decouples adherence and robustness within the parameter space of LLMs. Specifically, Parenting utilizes a key parameter mining method based on forward activation gain to identify and isolate the crucial parameter units that are strongly linked to adherence and robustness. Then, Parenting employs a type-guided tailored tuning strategy, applying specific and appropriate fine-tuning methods to parameter units representing different capabilities, aiming to achieve a balanced enhancement of adherence and robustness. Extensive experiments on various datasets and models validate the effectiveness and generalizability of our methods. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Obsolescence

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Dual-View Pyramid Pooling in Deep Neural Networks for Improved Medical Image Classification and Confidence Calibration

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhang, Xiaoqing Nie, Qiushi Xiao, Zunjie Zhao, Jilu Wu, Xiao Guo, Pengxin Li, Runzhi Liu, Jin Wei, Yanjie Pan, Yi Center for High Performance Computing Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Bioinformatics Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangdong Shenzhen518055 China Department of Computer Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science The University of Hong Kong 999077 Hong Kong Cooperative Innovation Center of Internet Healthcare Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou450001 China Hunan Provincial Key Lab on Bioinformatics School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South University Changsha410083 China Xinjiang Engineering Research Center of Big Data and Intelligent Software School of software Xinjiang University Wulumuqi830046 China Faculty of Computer Science and Control Engineering Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology Shenzhen China

Spatial pooling (SP) and cross-channel pooling (CCP) operators have been applied to aggregate spatial features and pixel-wise features from feature maps in deep neural networks (DNNs), respectively. Their main goal is to reduce computation and memory overhead without visibly weakening the performance of DNNs. However, SP often faces the problem of losing the subtle feature representations, while CCP has a high possibility of ignoring salient feature representations, which may lead to both miscalibration of confidence issues and suboptimal medical classification results. To address these problems, we propose a novel dual-view framework, the first to systematically investigate the relative roles of SP and CCP by analyzing the difference between spatial features and pixel-wise features. Based on this framework, we propose a new pooling method, termed dual-view pyramid pooling (DVPP), to aggregate multi-scale dual-view features. DVPP aims to boost both medical image classification and confidence calibration performance by fully leveraging the merits of SP and CCP operators from a dual-axis perspective. Additionally, we discuss how to fulfill DVPP with five parameter-free implementations. Extensive experiments on six 2D/3D medical image classification tasks show that our DVPP surpasses state-of-the-art pooling methods in terms of medical image classification results and confidence calibration across different DNNs. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Recommender System for Social Media: Research Challenges and Future Applications

Recommender System for Social Media: Research Challenges and...

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First International Conference on Transdisciplinary AI (TransAI)

作者： Mouzhi Ge Giovanni Pilato Fabio Persia Daniela D'Auria Faculty of European Campus Rottal-Inn Deggendorf Institute of Technology Deggendorf Germany National Research Council of Italy Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking Palermo Italy Department of Information Engineering Computer Science and Mathematics University of L'Aquila L'Aquila Italy Faculty of Computer Science Free University of Bozen-Bolzano Bozen-Bolzano Italy

Social networks have evolved as a ubiquitous means of communication in our daily lives. Users consistently generate a large amount of data on social media platforms, which on the other hand has increased the complexity when selecting relevant social media content. Thus, recommender system has been emerged as a solution to provide personalized and user-centric media recommendations. However, social media has significantly broadened the scope of available inputs such as social sensing data and new types of social media. It not only offers new research opportunities for social media recommender systems, but also indicates that various domains may benefit from the application of social media recommender systems. Therefore, this paper conducts a comprehensive survey of state-of-the-art research between social media and recommender systems. The survey results identify a set of research challenges on how social media recommender systems can be applied in various domains such as healthcare and route planning.

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A K-Nearest Centroid Neighbor with attention Classifier 2021

A K-Nearest Centroid Neighbor with attention Classifier

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2021 5th International Conference on computer science and Artificial Intelligence

作者： Rui Huang Ying Ma Tian Wang GuoQi Li Ming Yan Department of Computer and Information Engineering Xiamen University of Technology China Beijing Normal University (BNU Zhuhai) China Department of Precision Instrument Center for Brain Inspired Computing Research China Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781450384155

Among classic algorithms of data mining, the K-nearest neighbor based methods are simple and effective pattern classification algorithms. However, most KNN-based methods do not fully take into account the impact of different training sample points on classification, lead to inaccurate classification. To address this issue, we propose a scheme named Attention-based local mean K-Nearest Centroid Neighbor Classifier (ALMKNCN), combining nearest centroid neighbor with attention mechanism, the influence of each training sample on the query sample is fully considered. Given the query pattern, we first calculate the local centroid mean vector for each class, and then use the idea of attention mechanism to calculate the weight of pseudo-distance between each class and test sample. Finally, based on attention coefficient, the distances between the query sample and local mean vectors are weighted to determine the class of the query sample. Extensive experiments on UCI and KEEL data sets are carried out by comparing ALMKNCN to the state-of-art KNN-based methods. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed ALMKNCN outperforms the related competitive KNN-based methods with more effectiveness.

关键词： Pattern classification Attention mechanism Data mining K-Nearest Neighbor

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Graph Confidence Intercalibration Network for Intracranial Aneurysm Lesion Instance Segmentation in Dsa

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Ye, Haili Mo, Yancheng Tang, Chen Liao, Mingqian Zhang, Xiaoqing Dai, Limeng Li, Baihua Liu, Jiang Research Institute of Trustworthy Autonomous Systems Department of Computer Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China Department of Computer Science Loughborough University LoughboroughLE11 3TU United Kingdom School of Ophthalmology and Optometry Eye Hospital Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou325027 China Center for High Performance Computing and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Bioinformatics Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen518055 China Shenzhen People’s Hospital Neurosurgery Department Shenzhen518020 China China

Intracranial aneurysm (IA) lesion segmentation is significant for its treatment and prognosis. Although exiting deep network-based instance methods have good IA lesion segmentation results based on digital subtraction angiography (DSA) images, they still face great challenges with instance confidence bias and imprecise boundary segmentation, which may negatively affect IA diagnosis. To tackle these problems, this paper proposes a novel graph confidence intercalibration network (GCINet) to automatically segment IA lesions from DSA images. To be specific, we design a graph confidence intercalibration (GCI) module to mitigate instance confidence bias by dynamically adjusting their confidence distributions. At the same time, we propose an edge space perception (ESP) module to correct ambiguous segmentation boundaries. Extensive experiments on a clinical IA-DSA and a publicly available LiTS dataset demonstrate that our GCINet outperforms state-of-the-art methods. Additionally, visual analysis and ablation studies are provided to verify the effectiveness of each module in GCINet. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image segmentation

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Rethinking Client Drift in Federated Learning: A Logit Perspective

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Yan, Yunlu Feng, Chun-Mei Ye, Mang Zuo, Wangmeng Li, Ping Goh, Rick Siow Mong Zhu, Lei Chen, C.L. Philip Guangzhou Nansha511400 China The Institute of High Performance Computing A*STAR Singapore138632 Singapore The Hubei Luojia Laboratory National Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Software School of Computer Science Wuhan University Wuhan430072 China The School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin130407 China The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong The Department of Computing the School of Design The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong The School of Computer Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou510006 China The Pazhou Lab Guangzhou510335 China

Federated Learning (FL) enables multiple clients to collaboratively learn in a distributed way, allowing for privacy protection. However, the real-world non-IID data will lead to client drift which degrades the performance of FL. Interestingly, we find that the difference in logits between the local and global models increases as the model is continuously updated, thus seriously deteriorating FL performance. This is mainly due to catastrophic forgetting caused by data heterogeneity between clients. To alleviate this problem, we propose a new algorithm, named FedCSD, a Class prototype Similarity Distillation in a federated framework to align the local and global models. FedCSD does not simply transfer global knowledge to local clients, as an undertrained global model cannot provide reliable knowledge, i.e., class similarity information, and its wrong soft labels will mislead the optimization of local models. Concretely, FedCSD introduces a class prototype similarity distillation to align the local logits with the refined global logits that are weighted by the similarity between local logits and the global prototype. To enhance the quality of global logits, FedCSD adopts an adaptive mask to filter out the terrible soft labels of the global models, thereby preventing them to mislead local optimization. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of our method over the state-of-the-art federated learning approaches in various heterogeneous settings. The source code will be released. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Distillation

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Uncertainty-informed Mutual Learning for Joint Medical Image Classification and Segmentation

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Ren, Kai Zou, Ke Liu, Xianjie Chen, Yidi Yuan, Xuedong Shen, Xiaojing Wang, Meng Fu, Huazhu National Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science on Synthetic Vision Sichuan University Sichuan China College of Computer Science Sichuan University Sichuan China Department of Radiology West China Hospital Sichuan University Sichuan China College of Mathematics Sichuan University Sichuan China Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore

Classification and segmentation are crucial in medical image analysis as they enable accurate diagnosis and disease monitoring. However, current methods often prioritize the mutual learning features and shared model parameters, while neglecting the reliability of features and performances. In this paper, we propose a novel Uncertainty-informed Mutual Learning (UML) framework for reliable and interpretable medical image analysis. Our UML introduces reliability to joint classification and segmentation tasks, leveraging mutual learning with uncertainty to improve performance. To achieve this, we first use evidential deep learning to provide image-level and pixel-wise confidences. Then, an uncertainty navigator is constructed for better using mutual features and generating segmentation results. Besides, an uncertainty instructor is proposed to screen reliable masks for classification. Overall, UML could produce confidence estimation in features and performance for each link (classification and segmentation). The experiments on the public datasets demonstrate that our UML outperforms existing methods in terms of both accuracy and robustness. Our UML has the potential to explore the development of more reliable and explainable medical image analysis models. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Uncertainty analysis

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