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International Conference on Big Data and Smart computing (BIGCOMP)

作者： Lun Wang Zekun Cai Hao Wang Jie Jiang Tong Yang Bin Cui Xiaoming Li Department of Computer Science and Engineering Peking University China Collaborative Innovation Center of High Performance Computing NUDT China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538636503

Estimating the number of distinct flows, also called the cardinality, is an important issue in many network applications, such as traffic measurement, anomaly detection, etc. The challenging problem is that a high accuracy should be achieved with line speed and small auxiliary memory. The state-of-the-art, LogLog algorithm, uses loglogN max memory, where N max is the priori upper bound for cardinality, and achieves an accuracy of the order of 1/√d, where d is the number of counters. In this paper, we propose a refined version of LogLog algorithm, namely Refined LogLog. It achieves a much better accuracy than the original LogLog algorithm by using more fine-grained common ratios. The algorithm is validated by a detailed analysis. A self-adaptive version, Self-Adaptive LogLog, is also proposed based on Refined LogLog, to adapt to cardinalities of different scales automatically. Our experimental results show that Refined LogLog outperforms LogLog in accuracy by up to 67.0%, and reduces the standard deviation by up to 60.8%.

关键词： Frequency modulation Estimation Memory management Standards Upper bound Approximation algorithms Probabilistic logic

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Zero-field Sub-50-nm skyrmions in monolayer Janus Van der Waals magnets

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Yuan, Jiaren Yang, Yumeng Cai, Yongqing Wu, Yihong Feng, Yuan Ping Chen, Yuanping Yan, Xiaohong Shen, Lei College of Science School of Material Science and Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang212013 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 3 Singapore117583 Singapore Institute of High Performance Computing A*STAR 1 Fusionopolis Way Singapore138632 Singapore Department of Physics and Centre for Advanced Two-Dimensional Materials National University of Singapore 2 Science Drive 3 117551 Singapore Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science National University of Singapore 9 Engineering Drive 1 117542 Singapore

Skyrmions are localized solitonic spin textures with protected topology, which are promising as information carriers in ultra-dense and energy-efficient logics and memories. Magnetic skyrmions have been recently observed in thick magnetic multilayers and are stabilized by the extrinsic interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) and external magnetic fields. Here, we investigate the intrinsic magnetic skyrmions in four monolayer Janus van der Waals magnets, MnSSe, MnSTe, MnSeTe, and VSeTe, by the first-principles calculations combined with micromagnetic simulations. It is found that the monolayer Janus MnSTe and MnSeTe with out-of-plane asymmetry and strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) have a large intrinsic DMI. Using micromagnetic simulations, we demonstrate that skyrmions can be stabilized in monolayer MnSTe and MnSeTe within sub-50 nm scale in the absence of magnetic fields. On the other hand, VSeTe (in-plane easy axis) forms chiral magnetic domains. Finally, the size and shape of skyrmions can be regulated using an external magnetic field. Our work opens a new vista for seeking intrinsic skyrmions in atomic-scale van der Waals magnets. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tellurium compounds

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Input optics systems of the KAGRA detector during O3GK (vol 2023, 023F01, 2023)

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PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS 2023年第5期2023卷

作者： Akutsu, T. Ando, M. Arai, K. Arai, Y. Araki, S. Araya, A. Aritomi, N. Asada, H. Aso, Y. Bae, S. Bae, Y. Baiotti, L. Bajpai, R. Barton, M. A. Cannon, K. Cao, Z. Capocasa, E. Chan, M. Chen, C. Chen, K. Chen, Y. Chiang, C-I Chu, H. Chu, Y-K Eguchi, S. Enomoto, Y. Flaminio, R. Fujii, Y. Fujikawa, Y. Fukunaga, M. Fukushima, M. Furuhata, T. Gao, D. Ge, G-G Ha, S. Hagiwara, A. Haino, S. Han, W-B Hasegawa, K. Hattori, K. Hayakawa, H. Hayama, K. Himemoto, Y. Hiranuma, Y. Hirata, N. Hirose, E. Hong, Z. Hsieh, B-H Huang, G-Z Huang, H-Y Huang, P. Huang, Y-C Huang, Y-J Hui, D. C. Y. Ide, S. Ikenoue, B. Imam, S. Inayoshi, K. Inoue, Y. Ioka, K. Ito, K. Itoh, Y. Izumi, K. Jeon, C. Jin, H-B Jung, K. Jung, P. Kaihotsu, K. Kajita, T. Kakizaki, M. Kamiizumi, M. Kanbara, S. Kanda, N. Kang, G. Kataoka, Y. Kawaguchi, K. Kawai, N. Kawasaki, T. Kim, C. Kim, J. Kim, J. C. Kim, Ws Kim, Y-M Kimura, N. Kita, N. Kitazawa, H. Kojima, Y. Kokeyama, K. Komori, K. Kong, A. K. H. Kotake, K. Kozakai, C. Kozu, R. Kumar, R. Kume, J. Kuo, C. Kuo, H-S Kuromiya, Y. Kuroyanagi, S. Kusayanagi, K. Kwak, K. Lee, H. K. Lee, H. W. Lee, R. Leonardi, M. Li, K. L. Lin, L. C-C Lin, C-Y Lin, F-K Lin, F-L Lin, H. L. Liu, G. C. Luo, L-W Majorana, E. Marchio, M. Michimura, Y. Mio, N. Miyakawa, O. Miyamoto, A. Miyazaki, Y. Miyo, K. Miyoki, S. Mori, Y. Morisaki, S. Moriwaki, Y. Nagano, K. Nagano, S. Nakamura, K. Nakano, H. Nakano, M. Nakashima, R. Nakayama, Y. Narikawa, T. Naticchioni, L. Negishi, R. Quynh, L. Nguyen Ni, W-T Nishizawa, A. Nozaki, S. Obuchi, Y. Ogaki, W. Oh, J. J. Oh, S. H. Ohashi, M. Ohishi, N. Ohkawa, M. Ohta, H. Okutani, Y. Okutomi, K. Oohara, K. Ooi, C. Oshino, S. Otabe, S. Pan, K-C Pang, H. Parisi, A. Park, J. Arellano, F. E. Pena Pinto, I. Sago, N. Saito, S. Saito, Y. Sakai, K. Sakai, Y. Sakuno, Y. Sato, S. Sato, T. Sawada, T. Sekiguchi, T. Sekiguchi, Y. Shao, L. Shibagaki, S. Shimizu, R. Shimoda, T. Shimode, K. Shinkai, H. Shishido, T. Shoda, A. Somiya, K. Son, E. J. Sotani, H. Sugimoto, R. Suresh, J. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, T. Tagoshi, H. Takahashi, H Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Department of Physics The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Research Center for the Early Universe The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research KAGRA Observatory The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Kashiwa City Chiba 277-8582 Japan Accelerator Laboratory High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) 1-1 Oho Tsukuba City Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan Earthquake Research Institute The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0032 Japan Department of Mathematics and Physics Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University 3 Bunkyo-cho Hirosaki Aomori 036-8561 Japan Kamioka Branch National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 238 Higashi-Mozumi Kamioka-cho Hida City Gifu 506-1205 Japan The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information 245 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea National Institute for Mathematical Sciences 70 Yuseong-daero 1689 Beon-gil Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34047 Republic of Korea International College Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho Toyonaka City Osaka 560-0043 Japan School of High Energy Accelerator Science The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) 1-1 Oho Tsukuba City Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal University Xinjiekouwai Street 19 Haidian District Beijing 100875 China Department of Applied Physics Fukuoka University 8-19-1 Nanakuma Jonan Fukuoka City Fukuoka 814-0180 Japan Department of Physics Tamkang University No. 151 Yingzhuan Road Danshui Dist. New Taipei City 25137 Taiwan Department of Physics

KAGRA, the underground and cryogenic gravitational-wave detector, was operated for its solo observation from February 25 to March 10, 2020, and its first joint observation with the GEO 600 detector from April 7 to April 21, 2020 (O3GK). This study presents an overview of the input optics systems of the KAGRA detector, which consist of various optical systems, such as a laser source, its intensity and frequency stabilization systems, modulators, a Faraday isolator, mode-matching telescopes, and a high-power beam dump. These optics were successfully delivered to the KAGRA interferometer and operated stably during the observations. The laser frequency noise was observed to limit the detector sensitivity above a few kilohertz, whereas the laser intensity did not significantly limit the detector sensitivity.

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Approximation and competitive algorithms for single-minded selling problem 1

引用

12th International Conference on Algorithmic Aspects in Information and Management, AAIM 2018

作者： Chin, Francis Y. L. Poon, Sheung-Hung Ting, Hing-Fung Xu, Dachuan Yu, Dongxiao Zhang, Yong Department of Computer Science The University of Hong Kong Pok Fu Lam Hong Kong School of Computer Science University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo China Beijing Institute for Scientific and Engineering Computing Beijing University of Technology Beijing China Institute of Intelligent Computing School of Computer Science and Technology Shandong University Qingdao266237 China Research Center for High Performance Computing Joint Engineering Research Center for Health Big Data Intelligent Analysis Technology Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China

ISBN: (数字)9783030046187

ISBN: (纸本)9783030046170

The problem of item selling with the objective of maximizing the revenue is studied. Given a seller with k types of items and n single-minded buyers, i.e., each buyer is only interested in a particular bundle of items, to maximize the revenue, the seller must carefully assign some amount of bundles to each buyer with respect to the buyer’s accepted price. Each buyer bi is associated with a value function vi(·) such that vi(x) is the accepted unit bundle price bi is willing to pay for x bundles. We show that the single-minded item selling problem is NP-hard. Moreover, we give an O(√k)-approximation algorithm. For the online version, i.e., the buyers come one by one and the decision on each buyer must be made before the arrival of the next buyer, an O(√k · (log h + log k))- competitive algorithm is achieved, where h is the highest unit item price among all buyers. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2018.

关键词： Sales

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Understanding co-run performance on CPU-GPU integrated processors： observations, insights, directions

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Frontiers of computer science 2017年第1期11卷 130-146页

作者： Qi ZHU Bo WU Xipeng SHEN Kai SHEN Li SHEN Zhiying WANG National Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 China Department of Computer Science North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science Colorado School of Mines Golden CO 80401 USA Department of Computer Science University of Rochester Rochester NY 14627 USA

Recent years have witnessed a processor develop- ment trend that integrates central processing unit （CPU） and graphic processing unit （GPU） into a single chip. The inte- gration helps to save some host-device data copying that a discrete GPU usually requires, but also introduces deep re- source sharing and possible interference between CPU and GPU. This work investigates the performance implications of independently co-running CPU and GPU programs on these platforms. First, we perform a comprehensive measurement that covers a wide variety of factors, including processor ar- chitectures, operating systems, benchmarks, timing mecha- nisms, inputs, and power management schemes. These mea- surements reveal a number of surprising observations. We an- alyze these observations and produce a list of novel insights, including the important roles of operating system （OS） con- text switching and power management in determining the program performance, and the subtle effect of CPU-GPU data copying. Finally, we confirm those insights through case studies, and point out some promising directions to mitigate anomalous performance degradation on integrated heteroge- neous processors.

关键词： performance analysis GPGPU co-run degrada-tion fused processor program transformation

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The AGORA high-resolution Galaxy Simulations Comparison Project. V: Satellite Galaxy Populations In A Cosmological Zoom-in Simulation of A Milky Way-mass Halo

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Jung, Minyong Roca-Fàbrega, Santi Kim, Ji-Hoon Genina, Anna Hausammann, Loic Hyeonyong, K.I.M. Lupi, Alessandro Nagamine, Kentaro Powell, Johnny W. Revaz, Yves Shimizu, Ikkoh Velázquez, Héctor Ceverino, Daniel Primack, Joel R. Quinn, Thomas R. Strawn, Clayton Abel, Tom Dekel, Avishai Dong, Bili Oh, Boon Kiat Teyssier, Romain Center for Theoretical Physics Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Lund Observatory Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics Lund University Box 43 LundSE-221 00 Sweden Departamento de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica Facultad de Ciencias Físicas Plaza Ciencias 1 Madrid28040 Spain Seoul National University Astronomy Research Center Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1 GarchingD-85748 Germany ITS High Performance Computing Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich Zürich8092 Switzerland Institute of Physics Laboratoire d’Astrophysique École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne LausanneCH-1015 Switzerland Department of Aerospace Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of DiSAT Università degli Studi dell’Insubria via Valleggio 11 ComoI-22100 Italy Dipartimento di Fisica "G. Occhialini" Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca MilanoI-20126 Italy Department of Earth and Space Science Graduate School of Science Osaka University Osaka Toyonaka560-0043 Japan University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Chiba Kashiwa277-8583 Japan Department of Physics & Astronomy University of Nevada Las Vegas Las VegasNV89154 United States Department of Physics Reed College PortlandOR97202 United States Shikoku Gakuin University 3-2-1 Bunkyocho Zentsuji Kagawa765-8505 Japan Instituto de Astronomía Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México A.P. 70-264 D.F. Mexico04510 Mexico Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco MadridE-28049 Spain CIAFF Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Autónoma de Madrid MadridE-28049 Spain Department of Physics University of California at Santa Cruz Santa CruzCA95064 United States Department of Astronomy University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Stanford University StanfordCA94305 Unite

We analyze and compare the satellite halo populations at z ∼ 2 in the high-resolution cosmological zoom-in simulations of a 1012 M☉ target halo (z = 0 mass) carried out on eight widely-used astrophysical simulation codes (ART-I, ENZO, RAMSES, CHANGA, GADGET-3, GEAR, AREPO-T, and GIZMO) for the AGORA high-resolution Galaxy Simulations Comparison Project. We use slightly different redshift epochs near z = 2 for each code (hereafter "z ∼ 2’) at which the eight simulations are in the same stage in the target halo’s merger history. After identifying the matched pairs of halos between the CosmoRun simulations and the DMO simulations, we discover that each CosmoRun halo tends to be less massive than its DMO counterpart. When we consider only the halos containing stellar particles at z ∼ 2, the number of satellite galaxies is significantly fewer than that of dark matter halos in all participating AGORA simulations, and is comparable to the number of present-day satellites near the Milky Way or M31. The so-called "missing satellite problem’ is fully resolved across all participating codes simply by implementing the common baryonic physics adopted in AGORA and the stellar feedback prescription commonly used in each code, with sufficient numerical resolution ( 100 proper pc at z = 2). We also compare other properties such as the stellar mass−halo mass relation and the mass−metallicity relation. Our work highlights the value of comparison studies such as AGORA, where outstanding problems in galaxy formation theory are studied simultaneously on multiple numerical platforms. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Satellites

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Erratum: Towards a muon collider

引用

The European Physical Journal C 2024年第1期84卷 1-4页

作者： Accettura, Carlotta Adams, Dean Agarwal, Rohit Ahdida, Claudia Aimè, Chiara Amapane, Nicola Amorim, David Andreetto, Paolo Anulli, Fabio Appleby, Robert Apresyan, Artur Apyan, Aram Arsenyev, Sergey Asadi, Pouya Mahmoud, Mohammed Attia Azatov, Aleksandr Back, John Balconi, Lorenzo Bandiera, Laura Barlow, Roger Bartosik, Nazar Barzi, Emanuela Batsch, Fabian Bauce, Matteo Berg, J. Scott Bersani, Andrea Bertarelli, Alessandro Bertolin, Alessandro Black, Kevin Boattini, Fulvio Bogacz, Alex Bonesini, Maurizio Bordini, Bernardo Bottaro, Salvatore Bottura, Luca Braghieri, Alessandro Breschi, Marco Bruhwiler, Natalie Buffat, Xavier Buonincontri, Laura Burrows, Philip N. Burt, Graeme Buttazzo, Dario Caiffi, Barbara Calviani, Marco Calzaferri, Simone Calzolari, Daniele Capdevilla, Rodolfo Carli, Christian Casaburo, Fausto Casarsa, Massimo Castelli, Luca Catanesi, Maria Gabriella Cavallucci, Lorenzo Cavoto, Gianluca Celiberto, Francesco Giovanni Celona, Luigi Cerri, Alessandro Cesarini, Gianmario Cesarotti, Cari Chachamis, Grigorios Chance, Antoine Chen, Siyu Chien, Yang-Ting Chiesa, Mauro Colaleo, Anna Collamati, Francesco Collazuol, Gianmaria Costa, Marco Craig, Nathaniel Curatolo, Camilla Curtin, David Da Molin, Giacomo Dam, Magnus Damerau, Heiko Dasu, Sridhara de Blas, Jorge De Curtis, Stefania De Matteis, Ernesto De Rosa, Stefania Delahaye, Jean-Pierre Denisov, Dmitri Denizli, Haluk Densham, Christopher Dermisek, Radovan Di Luzio, Luca Di Meco, Elisa Di Micco, Biagio Dienes, Keith Diociaiuti, Eleonora Dorigo, Tommaso Dudarev, Alexey Edgecock, Robert Errico, Filippo Fabbrichesi, Marco Farinon, Stefania Ferrari, Anna Somoza, Jose Antonio Ferreira Filthaut, Frank Fiorina, Davide Fol, Elena Forslund, Matthew Franceschini, Roberto Ximenes, Rui Franqueira Gabrielli, Emidio Gallinaro, Michele Garosi, Francesco Giambastiani, Luca Gianelle, Alessio Gilardoni, Simone Giove, Dario Augusto Giraldin, Carlo Glioti, Alfredo Greco, Mario Greljo, Admir Groeber, Ramona Grojean, Christophe Grudiev, Alexej Gu, Jiayin Han, Chengcheng Han, T Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN) Geneva Switzerland STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) Oxford UK Computer Science Department University of California (UC) Berkeley USA Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Pavia Pavia Italy INFN Sezione di Pavia Pavia Italy INFN Sezione di Torino Turin Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Torino Turin Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Padua Italy INFN Sezione di Roma Rome Italy School of Physics and Astronomy University of Manchester Manchester UK Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Batavia USA Department of Physics Brandeis University Waltham USA IRFU CEA University Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette France Center for Theoretical Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge USA Center for High Energy Physics (CHEP-FU) Fayoum University El-Fayoum Egypt SISSA International School for Advanced Studies Trieste Italy INFN Sezione di Trieste Trieste Italy Department of Physics University of Warwick Coventry UK Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Milano Milan Italy INFN Laboratori Acceleratori e Superconduttività Applicata (LASA) Milan Italy INFN Sezione di Ferrara Ferrara Italy School of Computing and Engineering The University of Huddersfield Huddersfield UK Ohio State University Columbus USA Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton USA INFN Sezione di Genova Genoa Italy University of Wisconsin Wisconsin USA Center for Advanced Studies of Accelerators Jefferson Lab Newport News USA INFN Sezione di Milano Bicocca Milan Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Milano Bicocca Milan Italy Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa Pisa Italy Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Energia Elettrica e dell’Informazione Università di Bologna Bologna Italy INFN Sezione di Bologna Bologna Italy Department of Physics University of California (UC) Berkeley USA Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Università di Padova Padoa Italy John Adams Institute University of O

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II-VI organic-inorganic hybrid nanostructures with greatly enhanced optoelectronic properties, perfectly ordered structures, and over 15-year shelf stability

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Ye, Tang Kocherga, Margaret Sun, Yi-Yang Nesmelov, Andrei Zhang, Fan Oh, Wanseok Huang, Xiao-Ying Li, Jing Beasock, Damian Jones, Daniel S. Schmedake, Thomas A. Zhang, Yong Nanoscale Science University of North Carolina at Charlotte CharlotteNC28223 United States State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai201899 China Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Charlotte CharlotteNC28223 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of North Carolina at Charlotte CharlotteNC28223 United States Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers University PiscatawayNJ08854 United States State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fujian Fuzhou350002 China

Organic-inorganic hybrids may offer material properties not available from their inorganic components. However, they are typically less stable and disordered. Long-term stability study of the hybrid materials, over the anticipated lifespan of a real-world electronic device, is practically nonexistent. Disordering, prevalent in most nanostructure assemblies, is a prominent adversary to quantum coherence. A family of perfectly ordered II-VI based hybrid nanostructures has been shown to possess a number of unusual properties and potential applications. Here, using a prototype structure β-ZnTe(en)0.5 - a hybrid superlattice, and applying an array of optical, structural, surface, thermal, and electrical characterization techniques in conjunction with density-functional theory calculations, we have performed a comprehensive and correlative study of the crystalline quality, structural degradation, electronic, optical, and transport properties on samples from over 15-years old to the recently synthesized. The findings show that not only do they exhibit an exceptionally high level of crystallinity in both macroscopic and microscopic scale, comparable to high-quality binary semiconductors;and greatly enhanced material properties, compared to those of the inorganic constituents;but also, some of them over 15-years old remain as good in structure and property as freshly made ones. This study reveals (1) what level of structural perfectness is achievable in a complex organic-inorganic hybrid structure or a man-made superlattice, suggesting a non-traditional strategy to make periodically stacked heterostructures with abrupt interfaces;and (2) how the stability of a hybrid material is affected differently by its intrinsic attributes, primarily formation energy, and extrinsic factors, such as surface and defects. By correlating the rarely found long-term stability with the calculated relatively large formation energy of β-ZnTe(en)0.5 and contrasting with the case of hybrid perovski

关键词： Optical properties

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Atroposelective Access to 1,3-Oxazepine-Containing Bridged Biaryls via Carbene-Catalyzed Desymmetrization of Imines

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Angewandte Chemie 2022年第1期135卷

作者： Prof. Dr. Xing Yang Liwen Wei Yuelin Wu Prof. Dr. Liejin Zhou Dr. Xinglong Zhang Prof. Dr. Yonggui Robin Chi Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China) Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 P. R. China Department of Chemistry Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 P. R. China Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore 138632 Singapore Division of Chemistry & Mathematical Science School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 P. R. China

We disclose herein an atroposelective synthesis of novel bridged biaryls containing medium-sized rings via N-heterocyclic carbene organocatalysis. The reaction starts with addition of the carbene catalyst to the aminophenol-derived aldimine substrate. Subsequent oxidation and intramolecular desymmetrization lead to the formation of 1,3-oxazepine-containing bridged biaryls in good yields and excellent enantioselectivities. These novel bridged biaryl products can be readily transformed into chiral phosphite ligands. Preliminary density function theory calculations suggest that the origin of enantioselectivity arises from the more favorable frontier molecular orbital interactions in the transition state leading to the major product.

关键词： Atropisomerism Bridged Biaryls N-Heterocyclic Carbenes Organocatalysis Umpolung

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Uncertainties as a Guide for Global Water Model Advancement

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Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water 2025年第3期12卷

作者： Reinecke, Robert Stein, Lina Gnann, Sebastian Andersson, Jafet C. M. Arheimer, Berit Bierkens, Marc Bonetti, Sara Güntner, Andreas Kollet, Stefan Mishra, Sulagna Moosdorf, Nils Nazari, Sara Pokhrel, Yadu Prudhomme, Christel Schewe, Jacob Shen, Chaopeng Wagener, Thorsten Institute of Geography Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz Germany Institute of Environmental Science and Geography University of Potsdam Germany Chair of Hydrology Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany Hydrology Research Unit Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) Norrköping Sweden Department of Physical Geography Utrecht University Netherlands Unit Subsurface and Groundwater Systems Deltares Utrecht Netherlands Laboratory of Catchment Hydrology and Geomorphology École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Sion Switzerland GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences Potsdam Germany Centre for High-Performance Scientific Computing in Terrestrial System Jülich Germany World Meteorological Organization WMO Geneva Switzerland Department for Biogeochemistry and Geology Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT) Bremen Germany Kiel University Kiel Germany Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Michigan State University East Lansing MI United States Forecast Department European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reading United Kingdom Geography Department University of Loughborough Loughborough United Kingdom Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) Member of the Leibniz Association Potsdam Germany Civil and Environmental Engineering Pennsylvania State University University Park PA United States

Global water models allow us to explore the terrestrial water cycle in earth-sized digital laboratories to support science and guide policy. However, these models are still subject to considerable but also reducible uncertainties that can be attributed to mainly three sources: (1) imbalances in data quality and availability across geographical regions and between hydrologic variables, (2) poorly quantified human influence on the water cycle, and (3) difficulties in tailoring process representations to regionally diverse hydrologic systems. New, more accurate, and larger datasets, as well as better accumulated and even enhanced process knowledge, will help to reduce these uncertainties and thus improve model consistency with our perceptions and accuracy given existing observations. This review examines the sources of uncertainty crucial for global water models and proposes actions to mitigate them, thereby providing a roadmap for model advancement. Following this path will yield more consistent and accurate models that are urgently needed to tackle key scientific and societal challenges. © 2025 The Author(s). WIREs Water published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

关键词： GHMs global models uncertainty water cycle

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