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Vision transformer-based stratification of pre/diabetic and pre/hypertensive patients from retinal photographs for 3PM applications

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EPMA Journal 2025年 1-15页

作者： Pushpanathan, Krithi Bai, Yang Lei, Xiaofeng Goh, Jocelyn Hui Lin Xue, Can Can Yew, Samantha Min Er Chee, Miaoli Quek, Ten Cheer Peng, Qingsheng Soh, Zhi Da Yu, Marco Chak Yan Zhou, Jun Wang, Yaxing Jonas, Jost B. Wang, Xiaofei Sim, Xueling Tai, E. Shyong Sabanayagam, Charumathi Goh, Rick Siow Mong Liu, Yong Cheng, Ching-Yu Tham, Yih-Chung Department of Ophthalmology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC) Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore Singapore Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore National Eye Centre Singapore Singapore Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme (EYE ACP) Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University BeijingBeijing China Rothschild Foundation Hospital Institut Français de Myopie Paris France Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology Ministry of Education Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health National University of Singaporeand National University Health System Singapore Singapore Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore Precision Health Research Singapore Singapore Department of Medicine Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore

Objective: Diabetes and hypertension pose significant health risks, especially when poorly managed. Retinal evaluation though fundus photography can provide non-invasive assessment of these diseases, yet prior studies focused on disease presence, overlooking control statuses. This study evaluated vision transformer (ViT)-based models for assessing the presence and control statuses of diabetes and hypertension from retinal images. Methods: ViT-based models with ResNet-50 for patch projection were trained on images from the UK Biobank (n = 113,713) and Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases study (n = 17,783), and externally validated on the Singapore Prospective Study Programme (n = 7,793) and the Beijing Eye Study (n = 6064). Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for multiple tasks: detecting disease, identifying poorly controlled and well-controlled cases, distinguishing between poorly and well-controlled cases, and detecting pre-diabetes or pre-hypertension. Results: The models demonstrated strong performance in detecting disease presence, with AUROC values of 0.820 for diabetes and 0.781 for hypertension in internal testing. External validation showed AUROCs ranging from 0.635 to 0.755 for diabetes, and 0.727 to 0.832 for hypertension. For identifying poorly controlled cases, the performance remained high with AUROCs of 0.871 (internal) and 0.655–0.851 (external) for diabetes, and 0.853 (internal) and 0.792–0.915 (external) for hypertension. Detection of well-controlled cases also yielded promising results for diabetes (0.802 [internal];0.675–0.838 [external]), and hypertension (0.740 [internal] and 0.675–0.807 [external]). In distinguishing between poorly and well-controlled disease, AUROCs were more modest with 0.630 (internal) and 0.512–0.547 (external) for diabetes, and 0.651 (internal) and 0.639–0.683 (external) for hypertension. For pre-disease detection, the models achieved AUROCs of 0.746

关键词： Deep learning Diabetes Health risk assessment Hypertension Improved individual outcomes Innovative screening programs Opportunistic screening Predictive Preventive Personalized Medicine (PPPM / 3PM) Preventable diseases Protection against health-to-disease transition Retinal image Risk stratification

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Implementation of a dynamic adjustment mechanism with efficient replica selection in data grid environments 06

Implementation of a dynamic adjustment mechanism with effici...

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2006 ACM Symposium on Applied computing

作者： Yang, Chao-Tung Yang, I.-Hsien Chen, Chun-Hsiang Wang, Shih-Yu High-Performance Computing Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Tunghai University Taichung City 40704 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)1595931082

The co-allocation architecture was developed in order to enable parallel downloading of datasets from multiple servers. Several co-allocation strategies have been coupled and used to exploit rate differences among various client-server links and to address dynamic rate fluctuations by dividing files into multiple blocks of equal sizes. However, a major obstacle, the idle time of faster servers having to wait for the slowest server to deliver the final block, makes it important to reduce differences in finishing time among replica servers. In this paper, we propose a dynamic coallocation scheme, namely Recursive-Adjustment Co-Allocation scheme, to improve the performance of data transfer in Data Grids. Our approach reduces the idle time spent waiting for the slowest server and decreases data transfer completion time. We also provide an effective scheme for reducing the cost of reassembling data blocks. Copyright 2006 ACM.

关键词： Distributed computer systems

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Implementation of a Medical Image File Accessing System on cloud computing

Implementation of a Medical Image File Accessing System on c...

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International Conference on Computational science and engineering

作者： Yang, Chao-Tung Chen, Lung-Teng Chou, Wei-Li Wang, Kuan-Chieh Department of Computer Science High-Performance Computing Laboratory Tunghai University Taichung 40704 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543239

Large scale cluster based on cloud technologies has been widely used in many areas, including the data center and cloud computing environment. The purpose of presenting the research paper in this field was to solve the challenge in Medical Image exchanging, storing and sharing issues of EMR (Electronic Medical Record). In recent years, many countries invested significant resources on the projects of EMR topics. The benefit of the EMR included: Patient-centered Care, Collaborative Teams, Evidence-based Care, Redesigned Business Processes, Relevant Data Capture and Analysis and Timely Feedback and Education. For instance, the ARRA-HIT project in Untied States (2011 - 2015), Health Infoway project in Canada (2001 - 2015) and NHIP project in Taiwan, etc. Aim to the topic of EMR, we presented a system called MIFAS (Medical Image File Accessing System) to solve the exchanging, storing and sharing on Medical Images of crossing the different hospitals issues. Through this system we can enhance efficiency of sharing information between patients and their caregivers. Furthermore, the system can make the best-possible patient-care decisions. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Cloud computing

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Stabilized approximate inverse preconditioners for indefinite matrices 46

Stabilized approximate inverse preconditioners for indefinit...

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46th Annual Southeast Regional Conference on XX, ACM-SE 46

作者： Lee, Eun-Joc Laboratory for High Performance Scientific Computing and Computer Simulation Department of Computer Science University of Kentucky United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781605581057

A two-phase preconditioning strategy based on a factored sparse approximate inverse is proposed for solving sparse indefinite matrices. In each phase, the strategy first makes the original matrix diagonally dominant to enhance the stability by a shifting method, and constructs an inverse approximation of the shifted matrix by utilizing a factored sparse approximate inverse preconditioner. The two inverse approximation matrices produced from each phase are then combined to be used as a preconditioner. Experimental results show that the presented strategy improves the accuracy and the stability of the preconditioner on solving indefinite sparse matrices. Furthermore, the strategy ensures that convergence rate of the preconditioned iterations of the two-phase preconditioning strategy is much better than that of the standard sparse approximate inverse ones for solving indefinite matrices. Copyright 2008 ACM.

关键词： Matrix algebra

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Using unified parallel C to parallelize the FDTD method of computational electrodynamics

Using unified parallel C to parallelize the FDTD method of c...

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2009 IEEE 13th International Multitopic Conference, INMIC 2009

作者： Hussain, A. Shafi, A. Raza, J. Center for High Performance Scientific Computing Department of Computing NUST School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9781424448722

This paper discusses a parallel implementation of the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method using Unified Parallel C (UPC). UPC is an extension of ANSI C - primarily designed for programming distributed memory parallel hardware. The FDTD method is a powerful and widely used numerical technique in computational electromagnetics community. It is a resource - CPU cycles and memory - hungry technique. Consequently, a parallel implementation is highly desirable to decrease time-to-solution and be able to study larger problems with limited resources. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to exploit UPC to parallelize the FDTD method. We evaluate the performance of our implementation on a cluster of four SunFire v890 compute nodes-each equipped with 16 processing cores - and report impressive speedups. ©2009 IEEE.

关键词： Finite difference time domain method

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EXPECTED PRESENT VALUE OF TOTAL DIVIDENDS IN THE COMPOUND BINOMIAL MODEL WITH DELAYED CLAIMS AND RANDOM INCOME

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2013年第6期33卷 1639-1651页

作者：周杰明莫晓云欧辉杨向群 College of Mathematics and Computer Science Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing and Stochastic Information Processing Ministry of Education of ChinaHunan Normal University Department of Mathematics Hunan University of Finance and Economics

In this paper, a compound binomial model with a constant dividend barrier and random income is considered. Two types of individual claims, main claims and by-claims, are defined, where every by-claim is induced by the main claim and may be delayed for one time period with a certain probability. The premium income is assumed to another binomial process to capture the uncertainty of the customer＇s arrivals and payments. A system of difference equations with certain boundary conditions for the expected present value of total dividend payments prior to ruin is derived and solved. Explicit results are obtained when the claim sizes are Kn distributed or the claim size distributions have finite support. Numerical results are also provided to illustrate the impact of the delay of by-claims on the expected present value of dividends.

关键词： compound binomial model main claim by-claim dividend random income

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Developing an Automated Mechanism for Cluster computing in computerized Classroom

Developing an Automated Mechanism for Cluster Computing in C...

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International Conference on Computational science (ICCS) on the Ascent of Computational Excellence

作者： Wang, Shuen-Tai Li, Chin-Hung Chang, Hsi-Ya Chen, Ying-Chuan Hsu, Ching-Hsien National Center for High-Performance Computing Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Chung Hua University Taiwan

Scientific computing has become one of the key players in the advance of modern science and technologies. In the meantime, due to the success of developments in processor fabrication, the computing power of Personal computer (PC) is not to be ignored as well. Lots of high throughput type of applications can be satisfied by using the current desktop PCs, especially for those in computerized classrooms, and leave the supercomputers for the demands from large scale high performance parallel computations. The goal of this work is to develop an automated mechanism for cluster computing to utilize the computing power such as resides in computerized classroom. The PCs in computerized classroom are usually setup for education and training purpose during the daytime, and shut down at night. After well deployment, these PCs can be transformed into a pre-configured cluster computing resource immediately without touching the existing education/training environment installed on these PCs. Thus, the training activities will not be affected by this additional activity to harvest idle computing cycles. To echo today's energy saving issues, a dynamic power management is also developed to minimize energy cost. This development not only greatly reduces the management efforts and time to build a cluster, but also implies the reduction of the power consumption by such a mechanism.

关键词： Personal computer cluster computing computerized classroom dynamic power management

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An e-learning platform based on grid architecture

An e-learning platform based on grid architecture

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作者： Yang, Chao-Tung Ho, Hsin-Chuan High-Performance Computing Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Tunghai University Taichung 407 Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Tunghai University Lizen High School Taichung Taiwan

The overall popularity of the Internet has helped e-learning become a hot method for learning in recent years. Over the Internet, learners can freely absorb new knowledge without restrictions on time or place. Many companies have adopted e-learning to train their employees. An e-learning system can make an enterprise more competitive by increasing the knowledge of its employees. E-learning has been shown to have impressive potential in e-commerce. At present, most e-learning environment architectures use single computers or servers as their structural foundations. As soon as their work loads increase, their software and hardware must be updated or renewed. This is a big burden on organizations that lack sufficient funds. Thus, in this study we employ a kind of Grid computing technology, called the "Data Grid" to integrate idle computer resources in enterprises into e-learning platforms, thus eliminating the need to purchase costly high-level servers and other equipment.

关键词： Learning systems

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Ontology-based content organization and retrieval for SCORM-compliant teaching materials in data grids

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Future Generation computer Systems 2009年第6期25卷 687-694页

作者： Shih, Wen-Chung Yang, Chao-Tung Tseng, Shian-Shyong Department of Information Science and Applications Asia University Taichung 41354 Taiwan High-Performance Computing Laboratory Department of Computer Science Tunghai University Taichung 40704 Taiwan Department of Computer Science National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan

With the rapid growth of e-Learning, a tremendous amount of learning content has been developed by numerous providers. Recently, the Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) has been widely accepted as a standard of e-Learning for users to share and reuse various teaching materials. Data grids, characterized by their goal to manage large-scale dataset, are promising platforms to support sharing of geographically dispersed learning content. However, current data grid standards have not provided complete solutions to content-based information retrieval. To increase the precision of content retrieval on data grids, our idea is to propose an ontology-based approach to organize and retrieve learning content in geographically dispersed repositories. We designed a layered architecture to enable learning content organization and retrieval on data grids, implemented in a metropolitan-scale grid environment. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can precisely retrieve SCORM-compliant learning content. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Information retrieval

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A comparative study on dynamic and static sparsity patterns in parallel sparse approximate inverse preconditioning

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Journal of Mathematical Modelling and Algorithms 2003年第3期2卷 203-215页

作者： Wang, Kai Kim, Sangbae Zhang, Jun Laboratory for High Performance Scientific Computing and Computer Simulation Department of Computer Science University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40506-0046 United States

Sparse approximate inverse (SAI) techniques have recently emerged as a new class of parallel preconditioning techniques for solving large sparse linear systems on high performance computers. The choice of the sparsity pattern of the SAI matrix is probably the most important step in constructing an SAI preconditioner. Both dynamic and static sparsity pattern selection approaches have been proposed by researchers. Through a few numerical experiments, we conduct a comparable study on the properties and performance of the SAI preconditioners using the different sparsity patterns for solving some sparse linear systems. © 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands.

关键词： Dynamic and static sparsity pattern Parallel preconditioning Sparse approximate inverse Sparse matrices

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