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The quantum Ising model for perfect matching and solving it with variational quantum eigensolver

Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第9期67卷 306-320页

作者： Qilin ZHENG Pingyu ZHU Chao WU Miaomiao YU Weihong LUO Ping XU Institute for Quantum Information and State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology Hefei National Laboratory

Obtaining all perfect matchings of a graph is a tough problem in graph theory, and its complexity belongs to the #P-Complete class. The problem is closely related to combinatorics, marriage matching problems, dense subgraphs, the Gaussian boson sampling, chemical molecular structures, and dimer *** this paper, we propose a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization formula of the perfect matching problem and translate it into the quantum Ising model. We can obtain all perfect matchings by mapping them to the ground state of the quantum Ising Hamiltonian and solving it with the variational quantum eigensolver. Adjusting the model's parameters can also achieve the maximum or minimum weighted perfect matching. The experimental results on a superconducting quantum computer of the Origin quantum computing Technology Company show that our model can encode 2~n dimensional optimization space with only O（n） qubits consumption and achieve a high success probability of the ground state corresponding to all perfect matchings. In addition, the further simulation results show that the model can support a scale of more than 14 qubits, effectively resist the adverse effects of noise, and obtain a high success probability at a shallow variational depth. This method can be extended to other combinatorial optimization problems.

关键词： perfect matching Ising model quantum Hamiltonian variational quantum eigensolver quadratic unconstrained binary optimization

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Four-wave mixing Bragg scattering for small frequency shift from silicon coupled microrings

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Chinese Physics B 2025年第1期34卷 351-355页

作者： Chang Zhao Chao Wu Pingyu Zhu Yuxing Du Yan Wang Miaomiao Yu Kaikai Zhang Ping Xu Institute for Quantum Information&State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer Science and TechnologyNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China

Frequency conversion is pivotal in nonlinear optics and quantum optics for manipulating and translating light signals across different wavelength *** frequency conversion between two light beams with a small frequency interval is a central *** this work,we design a pair of coupled silicon microrings wherein coupled-induced modesplitting exists to achieve a small frequency shift by the process of four-wave mixing Bragg *** an example,the signal can be up or down converted to the idler which is 15.5 GHz spaced when two pumps align with another pair of split *** results unveil the potential of coupled microring resonators for small interval frequency conversion in a high-fidelity,all-optical,and signal processing quantum frequency interface.

关键词： four-wave mixing Bragg scattering silicon coupled microrings

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On-chip quantum NOON state sensing for temperature and humidity

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第10期33卷 15-20页

作者： Weihong Luo Chao Wu Yuxing Du Chang Zhao Miaomiao Yu Pingyu Zhu Kaikai Zhang Ping Xu Institute for Quantum Information&State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer Science and TechnologyNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China

A maximal photon number entangled state,namely NOON state,can be adopted for sensing with a quantum *** this work,we designed silicon quantum photonic chips containing two types of Mach-Zehnder interferometerswherein the two-photon NOON state,sensing element for temperature or humidity,is *** with classicallight or single photon case,two-photon NOON state sensing shows a solid enhancement in the sensing resolution *** the first demonstration of on-chip quantum photonic sensing,it reveals the advantages of photonic chips forhigh integration density,small-size,stability for multiple-parameter sensing serviceability.A higher sensing precision isexpected to beat the standard quantum limit with a higher photon number NOON state.

关键词： quantum sensing NOON state photonic chip

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A fully connected polarization-entangled network via integrated spontaneous four-wave mixing engineering

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第6期68卷 72-79页

作者： Pingyu Zhu Yan Wang Yuxing Du Miaomiao Yu Kaikai Zhang Kun Wang Ping Xu Institute for Quantum Information&State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer Science and TechnologyNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China Hefei National Laboratory Hefei 230088China

quantum communication is rapidly developing and is gradually being commercialized due to its technological *** dense communication links among multiple users in a scalable and efficient way is of great significance for realizing a large-scale quantum communication ***,we propose a novel scheme to construct a fully connected polarizationentangled network,utilizing the engineering of spontaneous four-wave mixings(SFWMs)and a path-polarization *** does not require active optical switches which limit the communication speed,or trusted nodes which lead to potential security *** required frequency channels in the network grow linearly with the number of *** experimentally demonstrate a six-user fully connected network with on-chip SFWM processes motivated by four *** user in the network receives a frequency channel,and all fifteen connections between the users are implemented *** work opens up a promising scheme to efficiently construct fully connected large-scale networks.

关键词： quantum network quantum entanglement nonlinear optics integrated optics

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Solving the subset sum problem by the quantum Ising model with variational quantum optimization based on conditional values at risk

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第8期67卷 43-55页

作者： Qilin Zheng Miaomiao Yu Pingyu Zhu Yan Wang Weihong Luo Ping Xu Institute for Quantum Information and State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer Science and TechnologyNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China Hefei National Laboratory Hefei 230088China

The subset sum problem is a combinatorial optimization problem,and its complexity belongs to the nondeterministic polynomial time complete(NP-Complete)*** problem is widely used in encryption,planning or scheduling,and integer *** accurate search algorithm with polynomial time complexity has not been found,which makes it challenging to be solved on classical *** effectively solve this problem,we translate it into the quantum Ising model and solve it with a variational quantum optimization method based on conditional values at *** proposed model needs only n qubits to encode 2ndimensional search space,which can effectively save the encoding quantum *** model inherits the advantages of variational quantum algorithms and can obtain good performance at shallow circuit depths while being robust to noise,and it is convenient to be deployed in the Noisy Intermediate Scale quantum *** investigate the effects of the scalability,the variational ansatz type,the variational depth,and noise on the ***,we also discuss the performance of the model under different conditional values at *** computer simulation,the scale can reach more than nine *** selecting the noise type,we construct simulators with different QVs and study the performance of the model with *** addition,we deploy the model on a superconducting quantum computer of the Origin quantum Technology Company and successfully solve the subset sum *** model provides a new perspective for solving the subset sum problem.

关键词： subset sum problem quantum Ising model conditional values at risk variational quantum optimization

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Automatic architecture design for distributed quantum computing

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第12期33卷 45-59页

作者： Ting-Yu Luo Yu-Zhen Zheng Xiang Fu Yu-Xin Deng Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China Institute for Quantum Information&State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of ComputerNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China Tianjin Institute of Advanced Technology Tianjin 300459China

In distributed quantum computing(DQC),quantum hardware design mainly focuses on providing as many as possible high-quality inter-chip ***,quantum software tries its best to reduce the required number of remote quantum gates between ***,this“hardware first,software follows”methodology may not fully exploit the potential of *** by classical software-hardware co-design,this paper explores the design space of application-specific DQC *** specifically,we propose Auto Arch,an automated quantum chip network(QCN)structure design *** qubits grouping followed by a customized QCN design,AutoArch can generate a near-optimal DQC architecture suitable for target quantum *** results show that the DQC architecture generated by Auto Arch can outperform other general QCN architectures when executing target quantum algorithms.

关键词： distributed quantum computing quantum architecture quantum circuit partitioning

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Lightweight Operating System Services for Incremental Checkpointing in Speculative Discrete Event Simulation on Linux Platforms 30

Lightweight Operating System Services for Incremental Checkp...

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30th IEEE International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems, ICPADS 2024

作者： Montesano, Federica Marotta, Romolo Quaglia, Francesco Tor Vergata University of Rome Dicii Italy Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing Big Data e Quantum Computing Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9798331515966

One way for supporting incremental checkpointing is the exploitation of classical memory protection services - in particular the mprotect (...) system call offered by Posix compliant operating systems - for intercepting memory-writes and identifying dirty pages in the address space. However, this solution involves Inter-Processor-Interrupt (IPI) and the associated handling mechanisms, which show costs that increase when scaling up the level of parallelism in the underlying hardware architecture. For HPC contexts like speculative (aka optimistic) parallel discrete event simulation, where checkpointing and state restore massively take place in order to maintain causality among the concurrent simulation objects, these costs may impact performance in a non-negligible manner. In this work, we present the design of operating system services that enable write-protection and the tracing of dirtied pages via per CPU setup of the MMU (Memory Management Unit), completely avoiding the usage of IPI and their management. Hence, we provide a solution where the cost for setting up the incremental checkpointing support of a simulation object processed by a specific thread at a given time is definitely limited, compared to the aforementioned classical case. Our design has been devised for Linux, although it can be ported to other operating systems, and has been integrated for its testing in the USE (Ultimate Share Everything) open source parallel simulation environment. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Linux

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DDIRNet:robust radar emitter recognition via single domain generalization

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2025年第2期36卷 397-404页

作者： WU Honglin LI Xueqiong HUANG Junjie JIN Ruochun TANG Yuhua Institute for Quantum Information&State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China

Automatically recognizing radar emitters from com-plex electromagnetic environments is important but ***,the changing electromagnetic environment results in inconsistent signal distribution in the real world,which makes the existing approaches perform poorly for recognition tasks in different *** this paper,we propose a domain generaliza-tion framework is proposed to improve the adaptability of radar emitter signal recognition in changing ***,we propose an end-to-end denoising based domain-invariant radar emitter recognition network(DDIRNet)consisting of a denoising model and a domain invariant representation learning model(IRLM),which mutually benefit from each *** the signal denoising model,a loss function is proposed to match the feature of the radar signals and guarantee the effectiveness of the *** the domain invariant representation learning model,contrastive learning is introduced to learn the cross-domain feature by aligning the source and unseen domain ***,we design a data augmentation method that improves the diversity of signal data for *** experiments on classification have shown that DDIRNet achieves up to 6.4%improvement compared with the state-of-the-art radar emitter recognition *** proposed method pro-vides a promising direction to solve the radar emitter signal recognition problem.

关键词： radar emitter recognition domain generalization denoising contrastive learning data augmentation.

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Simulation of the quantum Key Distribution Algorithm Using the Intel quantum SDK 13

Simulation of the Quantum Key Distribution Algorithm Using t...

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13th International Conference on Advanced Computer Information Technologies, ACIT 2023

作者： Gambo, Yaknan John Shinde, Tejas Rasch, Kevin Liebelt, Helena Li, Rui Deggendorf Institute of Technology High Performance Computing and Quantum Computing Deggendorf Germany Quantum Computing Research Intel Inc HillsboroOR United States Deggendorf Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science Deggendorf Germany

Information security is an important fabric of our world today. Technologies used in the development of information security have constantly been evolving in response to new threats. Cryptographic algorithms like the RSA, DSA, AES etc. are currently being used in securing information even over insecure channels. The coming of quantum computers has now posed a great threat to classical cryptosystems which can be broken in polynomial time thanks to Shor's algorithm. A good hacker with good quantum computing power can break into encrypted messages easily. The quantum Key Distribution (QKD) algorithm based on the BB84 protocol provides a solution to this problem. It makes it possible for communicating parties to exchange secret keys securely before a conversation can ensue. Verifying if these keys have been tampered with is a good first step to start before any other. QKD technology has made it possible to exchange these keys via an insecure channel and lets communicating parties know if an eavesdropper has tempered with the message. In this work, we discuss the QKD algorithm and simulated it on the newly released Intel quantum SDK. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： quantum cryptography

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Incremental Checkpointing of Large State Simulation Models with Write-Intensive Events via Memory Update Correlation on Buddy Pages 27

Incremental Checkpointing of Large State Simulation Models w...

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27th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications, DS-RT 2023

作者： Marotta, Romolo Montesano, Federica Pellegrini, Alessandro Quaglia, Francesco Tor Vergata University of Rome Dicii Italy Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing Big Data e Quantum Computing Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9798350337846

Checkpointing techniques for speculative parallel simulation of discrete event models have been widely studied in the literature. However, there has been a very marginal attempt to exploit operating system page-protection services, which have instead been largely exploited in the context of checkpointing for fault tolerance. In this article, we discuss how these services can effectively manage simulation models with large states and write-intensive events in zones of the state layout. In particular, we present a solution where the correlation of write operations on buddy pages in the state layout can be exploited to achieve effective incremental checkpointing support, which allows scaling down the costs of operating system services. Our solution does not require any instrumentation of the simulation application code and is usable on any Posix-compliant operating system. We also discuss its integration within the USE (Ultimate-Share-Everything) open-source speculative simulation package and report some experimental data for its assessment. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Fault tolerance

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