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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhu, Xuanmin Zhang, Dezheng Gao, Runping Wei, Qun Liu, Lixia Luo, Zijiang Center for Quantum Information School of Information Guizhou University of Finance and Economics Guizhou Guiyang550025 China International Joint Research Center for Data Science and High-Performance Computing School of Information Guizhou University of Finance and Economics Guizhou Guiyang550025 China School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Xidian University Xi’an710071 China School of Mathematics and Statistics Xidian University Xi’an710071 China Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing Shunde Polytechnic Guangdong Shunde 528300 China

To improve the efficiency of the state tomography strategy via weak value, we have searched the optimal coupling strength between the system and measuring device. For an arbitrary d-dimensional quantum system, the optimal strengths being used in measuring the real and imaginary parts of the density matrix are obtained. The optimal efficiency of the state tomography has also been studied by using mean square error. The minimal mean square errors in the reconstructed density matrices have been derived. The state tomography strategy studied in this article may be useful in the measurement of the unknown quantum states. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mean square error

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Precise and scalable evaluation on the robustness metric of neural networks as classifiers

Precise and scalable evaluation on the robustness metric of ...

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作者： Yangyi Hu Institute for Quantum Information & State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer Science and TechnologyNational University of Defense Technology College of Computer Science National University of Defense Technology

It is well known that the minimum adversarial distortion associated with a specific sample x reflects the local robustness of neural ***,it is intractable to solve the optimization problem related to the minimum adversarial distortion for general neural network cause it is *** have studied the lower bound or upper bound of the minimum adversarial distortion to give a robustness metrics for neural networks,such as CLEVER score and CW *** this paper,we provide a formal robustness guarantee to transform the robustness analysis into two sub-problems:（1）,compute out the maximum of the objective function g_t（r~t）;（2）,generate a sequence {r_n~t} *** r_n~t is the minimum adversarial distortion for targeted *** on this transformation,we propose an efficient and effective algorithm to directly estimate the instance-specific minimum adversarial distortion on the norm of the input manipulation required to change the classifier *** results on two data-sets,MNIST and CIFAR,show that our measure of robustness is between the lower bound given by CLEVER and the upper bound by CW,indicating our approach gives a precise measure of the robustness of neural *** addition,the powerful mathematical technique Extreme Value Estimation enables our algorithm computationally feasible for large neural *** the best of our knowledge,our algorithm is the first attack-independent approach to directly evaluate the minimum adversarial distortion as a robustness metric for neural network.

关键词： minimum adversarial distortion robustness metric instance-specific attack-independent

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An Unbiased quantum Random Number Generator Based on Boson Sampling

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Shi, Jinjing Zhao, Tongge Wang, Yizhi Yu, Chunlin Lu, Yuhu Shi, Ronghua Zhang, Shichao Wu, Junjie School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South University Changsha410083 China Institute for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China China Greatwall Quantum Laboratory China Greatwall Technology Group CO. LTD. Changsha410073 China

It has been proven that Boson sampling is a much promising model of optical quantum computation, which has been applied to designing quantum computer successfully, such as "Jiuzhang". However, the meaningful randomness of Boson sampling results, whose correctness and significance were proved from a specific quantum mechanical distribution, has not been utilized or exploited. In this research, Boson sampling is applied to design a novel quantum Random Number Generator (QRNG) by fully exploiting the randomness of Boson sampling results, and its prototype system is constructed with the programmable silicon photonic processor, which can generate uniform and unbiased random sequences and overcome the shortcomings of the existing discrete QRNGs such as source-related, high demand for the photon number resolution capability of the detector and slow self-detection generator speed. Boson sampling is implemented as a random entropy source, and random bit strings with satisfactory randomness and uniformity can be obtained after post-processing the sampling results. It is the first approach for applying the randomness of Boson sampling results to develop a practical prototype system for actual tasks, and the experiment results demonstrate the designed Boson sampling-based QRNG prototype system pass 15 tests of the NIST SP 800-22 statistical test component, which prove that Boson sampling has great potential for practical applications with desirable performance besides quantum advantage. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sampling

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Explicitly represent the boundary of ReLU NN as a classifier and measure its robustness

Explicitly represent the boundary of ReLU NN as a classifier...

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Adversarial examples pose a great threat to the application of neural network as a classifier in areas with high security ***,the adversarial property of neural network is closely related to the ***,works barely give a rigorous description of *** paper for the first time studies the boundary of ReLU NN,which separates the sample space into distinct cells,each of which belongs to the same *** the demonstration,we discuss the algebraic property of border points upon the separating boundary and the topological difference between border points and odd *** derive Theorem Ⅲ.7 to give a rigorous,comprehensive and concise description on the boundary of ReLU ***,an algorithm,based on the description,is proposed to give a standard and exact metric for the local robustness of ReLU *** metric gives the local adversarial property of NN and reflects some aspects of its security performance,*** nimimum distortion needed to craft an adversarial *** the best of our knowledge,this is the first work proposed to give a rigorous and example-specific metric for the local robustness of ReLU NN.

关键词： Index Terms-adversarial examples boundary odd points local robustness metric

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Arbitrary coherent distributions in a programmable quantum walk

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Physical Review Research 2022年第2期4卷 023042-023042页

作者： Rong Zhang Ran Yang Jian Guo Chang-Wei Sun Yi-Chen Liu Heng Zhou Ping Xu Zhenda Xie Yan-Xiao Gong Shi-Ning Zhu National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure School of Physics School of Electronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China College of Electronic and Optical Engineering Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunication Nanjing 210023 China School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 611731 China Institute for Quantum Information and State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computing National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 China

The coherent superposition of position states in a quantum walk (QW) can be precisely engineered towards the desired distributions to meet the need of quantum information applications. The coherent distribution can make full use of quantum parallel in computation and simulation. Particularly, the uniform superposition provides the robust nonlocality, which has wide applications such as the generation of genuine multibit random numbers without postprocessing. We experimentally demonstrate that the rich dynamics featured with arbitrary coherent distributions can be obtained by introducing different sets of the time- and position-dependent operations. Such a QW is realized by a resource-constant and flexible optical circuit, in which the variable operation is executed based on a Sagnac interferometer in an intrinsically stable and precisely controlled way. Our results contribute to the practical realization of quantum-walk-based quantum computation, quantum simulations, and quantum information protocols.

关键词： quantum control quantum information architectures & platforms quantum protocols

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How non-thermal pressure impacts the modelling of star formation in galaxy formation simulations

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Batziou, Eirini Steinwandel, Ulrich P. Dolag, Klaus Valentini, Milena Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1 Garching85748 Germany Universitäts-Sternwarte München Fakultät für Physik LMU Munich Scheinerstr. 1 81679 Germany Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute 162 5th Avenue New YorkNY10010 United States Astronomy Unit Department of Physics University of Trieste via Tiepolo 11 TriesteI-34131 Italy INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste via Tiepolo 11 TriesteI-34131 Italy ICSC - Italian Research Center on High Performance Computing Big Data and Quantum Computing Italy

In cosmological simulations of large-scale structure star formation and feedback in galaxies are modelled by so-called sub-grid models, that represent a physically motivated approximation of processes occurring below the resolution limit. However, when additional physical processes are considered in these simulations, for instance, magnetic fields or cosmic rays, they are often not consistently coupled within the descriptions of the underlying sub-grid star formation models. Here, we present a careful study on how one of the most commonly used sub-grid models for star formation in current large-scale cosmological simulations can be modified to self consistently include the effects of non-thermal components (e.g., magnetic fields) within the fluid. We demonstrate that our new modelling approach, that includes the magnetic pressure as an additional regulation on star formation, can reproduce global properties of the magnetic field within galaxies in a setup of an isolated Milky Way-like galaxy simulation, but is also successful in reproducing local properties such as the anti-correlation between the local magnetic field strength with the local star formation rate as observed in galaxies (i.e. NGC 1097). This reveals how crucial a consistent treatment of different physical processes is within cosmological simulations and gives guidance for future simulations. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Galaxies

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Classifying spectra of emission-line regions with neural networks -An application to integral field spectroscopic data of M33

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Bracci, Caterina Belfiore, Francesco Ginolfi, Michele Feltre, Anna Mannucci, Filippo Marconi, Alessandro Cresci, Giovanni Bertola, Elena Bombini, Alessandro Ceci, Matteo Marconcini, Cosimo Moreschini, Bianca Scialpi, Martina Tozzi, Giulia Ulivi, Lorenzo Venturi, Giacomo Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Università di Firenze Via G. Sansone 1 Sesto F.no FirenzeI-50019 Italy INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri Largo E. Fermi 5 FlorenceI-50125 Italy 50019 Italy ICSC - Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing Big Data & Quantum Computing Via Magnanelli 2 BO Casalecchio di Reno40033 Italy University of Trento Via Sommarive 14 TrentoI-38123 Italy Gießenbachstraße 1 Garching85748 Germany Scuola Normale Superiore Piazza dei Cavalieri 7 PisaI-56126 Italy

Emission-line regions are key to understanding the properties and evolution of galaxies, as they trace the exchange of matter and energy between stars and the interstellar medium (ISM). In nearby galaxies, individual nebulae can be resolved from the background, and classified through their optical spectral properties. Traditionally, the classification of these emission-line regions in H ii regions, planetary nebulae (PNe), supernova remnants (SNRs), and diffuse ionised gas (DIG) relies on criteria based on single or multiple emission-line ratios. However, these methods face limitations due to the rigidity of the classification boundaries, the narrow scope of information they are based upon, and the inability to take line-of-sight superpositions of emission-line regions into account. In this work, we explore the use of artificial neural networks to classify emission-line regions using their optical spectra. Our training set consists of simulated optical spectra, obtained from photoionisation and shock models, and processed to match observations obtained with the MUSE integral field spectrograph at the ESO/VLT. We evaluate the performance of the network on simulated spectra exploring a range of signal-to-noise (S/N) levels, different values for dust extinction, and the superposition of different nebulae along the line of sight. At infinite S/N the network achieves perfect predictive performance, while, as the S/N decreases, the classification accuracy declines, reaching an average of ∼ 80% at S/N(Hα)=20. We then apply our model to real spectra from MUSE observations of the Local Group galaxy M33. The network provides a robust classification of individual spaxels, even at low S/N, identifying H ii regions and PNe and distinguishing them from SNRs and diffuse ionised gas, while identifying overlapping nebulae. Moreover, we compare the network’s classification with traditional diagnostics, finding a satisfactory level of agreement between the two approaches. We identify

关键词： Taxonomies

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quantum Uncertainty Principles for Measurements with Interventions

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Physical Review Letters 2023年第24期130卷 240201-240201页

作者： Yunlong Xiao Yuxiang Yang Ximing Wang Qing Liu Mile Gu Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC) Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) 1 Fusionopolis Way No. 16-16 Connexis Singapore 138632 Republic of Singapore Nanyang Quantum Hub School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore QICI Quantum Information and Computation Initiative Department of Computer Science The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong Institute for Theoretical Physics ETH Zürich 8093 Zürich Switzerland Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (Ministry of Education) Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Centre for Quantum Technologies National University of Singapore Singapore 117543 Singapore MajuLab CNRS-UNS-NUS-NTU International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654 Singapore 117543 Singapore

Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle implies fundamental constraints on what properties of a quantum system we can simultaneously learn. However, it typically assumes that we probe these properties via measurements at a single point in time. In contrast, inferring causal dependencies in complex processes often requires interactive experimentation—multiple rounds of interventions where we adaptively probe the process with different inputs to observe how they affect outputs. Here, we demonstrate universal uncertainty principles for general interactive measurements involving arbitrary rounds of interventions. As a case study, we show that they imply an uncertainty trade-off between measurements compatible with different causal dependencies.

关键词： quantum foundations quantum information theory quantum measurements quantum memories quantum networks

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Security boundaries of an optical-power limiter for protecting quantum-key-distribution systems

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Physical Review Applied 2024年第1期21卷 014026-014026页

作者： Qingquan Peng Binwu Gao Konstantin Zaitsev Dongyang Wang Jiangfang Ding Yingwen Liu Qin Liao Ying Guo Anqi Huang Junjie Wu Institute for Quantum Information and State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 China School of Automation Central South University Changsha 410083 China China Greatwall Research Institute China Greatwall Technology Group Co. Ltd. Shenzhen 518057 China Russian Quantum Center Skolkovo Moscow 121205 Russia NTI Center for Quantum Communications National University of Science and Technology MISiS Moscow 119049 Russia Vigo Quantum Communication Center University of Vigo 36310 Vigo Spain Escuela de Ingeniería de Telecomunicación Department of Signal Theory and Communications University of Vigo 36310 Vigo Spain atlanTTic Research Center University of Vigo 36310 Vigo Spain College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 China School of Computer Science Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China

Unauthorized light injection has always been a vital threat to the practical security of a quantum-key-distribution (QKD) system. An optical-power limiter (OPL) based on the thermo-optical defocusing effect has been proposed and implemented, limiting the injected hacking light. As a hardware countermeasure, the performance of the OPL under various light-injection attacks will be tested to clarify the security boundary before it is widely deployed. To investigate the security boundary of the OPL in quantum cryptography, we comprehensively test and analyze the behavior of the OPL under continuous-wave (cw) light-injection attacks and pulse-illumination attacks with pulse repetition rates of 0.5 Hz, 40 MHz, and 1 GHz. The test results illuminate the security boundary of the OPL, which allows one to properly employ the OPL in use cases. The methodology of testing and analysis proposed here is applicable to other power-limitation components in a QKD system.

关键词： Optical quantum information processing Photonics quantum communication quantum cryptography Devices

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Exploring Spatio-Temporal Dynamics for Enhanced Wind Turbine Condition Monitoring

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Miao, Qiucheng Wang, Dandan Xia, Zongji Xu, Chuanfu Zhan, Jun Wu, Chengkun Institute for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology Hunan Changsha410005 China Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. Guangdong Dongguan523429 China Extended Energy Big Data and Strategy Research Center Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shandong Qingdao266101 China

Efficient wind power cluster management and sustainable industry development require an optimized maintenance approach integrating condition monitoring. However, the intricate spatiotemporal correlations and non-stationarity of the data continue to pose significant challenges in extracting valuable insights from the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system. Hence, this paper proposes a novel approach for Dynamically Fusing Spatio-Temporal information with Difference Excitation (DFST-DE) in wind power systems' condition monitoring. First, it extracts spatial dependencies by integrating sparse graph with Gumbel Softmax regularization, and incorporates temporal information using a hybrid adaptive self-attention mechanism, which captures comprehensive spatiotemporal correlations. Second, it proposes a Spatio-Temporal Difference Excitation module to mitigate non-stationarity in time series data by smoothing trend changes. The proposed DFST-DE approach achieves superior performance by effectively fusing spatial, temporal and excitation information. Finally, it optimizes anomaly detection accuracy and efficiency by dynamically adjusting the threshold based on anomaly score statistics. Experimental results on real-world wind farm datasets demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms other established methods in detecting early abnormal conditions in wind turbines. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Condition monitoring

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