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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zou, Xiaofeng Peng, Yuanxi Li, Tuo Kong, Lingjun Zhang, Lu Institute for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha41003 China Cloud Computing Equipment Industry Innovation Center Jinan250101 China

The Kyber algorithm is one of the standardization of Post quantum Cryptography project proposed by NIST to withstand quantum attacks. In order to increase throughput and reduce the execution time limited by the high computational complexity of Kyber algorithm, a RISC-V based processor Seesaw is designed to accelerate Kyber algorithm. The 32 specialized extension instructions are firstly designed to enhance the parallel computing ability of the processor and accelerate all processes of the Kyber algorithm by analyzing its characteristic in depth. Then, by carefully designing hardware such as vector registers and algorithm execution units on the RISC-V processor, support of microarchitecture for extension instructions were achieved. Seesaw supports 4096 bits vector calculation through its vector registers and execution unit to meet high-throughput requirements, and is implemented on the FPGA. Besides, we modify the compiler simultaneously to adapt to the instruction extension and execution of Seesaw. Experimental results show that the processor achieves a speed-up of 432× and 18864× for hash and NTT compared to that without extension instructions, respectively, and a speed-up of 5.6× for execution of Kyber algorithm compared with the advanced hardware design. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Vectors

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Limitations of quantum approximate optimization in solving generic higher-order constraint-satisfaction problems

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Physical Review Research 2025年第2期7卷 023165-023165页

作者： Thorge Müller Ajainderpal Singh Frank K. Wilhelm Tim Bode German Aerospace Center (DLR) Institute for Software Technology Department High-Performance Computing 51147 Cologne Germany Theoretical Physics Saarland University 66123 Saarbrücken Germany Institute for Quantum Computing Analytics (PGI-12) Forschungszentrum Jülich 52425 Jülich Germany

The ability of the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) to deliver a quantum advantage on combinatorial optimization problems is still unclear. Recently, a scaling advantage over a classical solver was postulated to exist for random 8-SAT at the satisfiability threshold. At the same time, the viability of quantum error mitigation for deep circuits on near-term devices has been put into doubt. Here we analyze the QAOA's performance on random Max-kXOR as a function of k and the clause-to-variable ratio. As a classical benchmark, we use the mean-field approximate optimization algorithm and find that it performs better than or equal to the QAOA on average. Still, for large k and numbers of layers p, there may remain a window of opportunity for the QAOA. However, by extrapolating our numerical results, we find that reaching high levels of satisfaction would require extremely large p, which must be considered rather difficult both in the variational context and on near-term devices.

关键词： Combinatorial optimization

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DSGA: Distractor-Suppressing Graph Attention for Multi-object Tracking 8

DSGA: Distractor-Suppressing Graph Attention for Multi-objec...

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8th International Conference on Robotics and Artificial Intelligence, ICRAI 2022

作者： Gao, Guangjie Gao, Yan Xu, Liyang Tan, Huibin Tang, Yuhua Institute for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology Changsha China Chinese Institute of Electronics Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781450397544

Multiple object tracking (MOT) methods based on single object tracking are of great interest because of their ability to balance efficiency and performance on the strength of the localization capability of single-target tracking. However, most of the single object tracking methods only distinguish foreground and background. They are susceptible to the influence of similar interfering objects during localization, while in multiple object tracking scenarios, there are more interfering objects and the influence is more severe. Therefore, we propose a Distractor-Suppressing Graph Attention (DSGA) to learn more discriminative attention by reducing the influence of distractors on learning attention weight features. Furthermore, DSGA is embedded into the basic MOT framework "SiamMOT" formed as DSGA-SiamMOT and applied to multiple object tracking to verify its effectiveness. We conduct experiments on the MOT Challenge benchmark with "public detection", and obtain MOTA 66.65%, IDF1 62.2% accuracy on the MOT17 dataset with 14fps. © 2022 Association for computing Machinery.

关键词： Target tracking

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Dynamic Task Allocation for Heterogeneous Multi-Robot System under Communication Constraints

Dynamic Task Allocation for Heterogeneous Multi-Robot System...

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IEEE Information Technology, Networking, Electronic and Automation Control Conference

作者： Jun Li Zhongxuan Cai Minglong Li Wanrong Huang Yongjun Zhang Institute for Quantum Information & State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer National University of Defense Technology China

Multi-robot system has important application potential in disaster rescue and other dangerous scenarios, in which task allocation is the basis for multi-robot cooperation to complete tasks. Due to the limited ability of individual robots, many complex scenarios requires coordination of different types of robot, e.g. robots for search, communication, rescue and so on. At the same time, communication is often limited in a wide range of scenarios. This brings two challenges in the realistic environment: heterogeneous multi-robot cooperation problem and communication constraint problem. This paper proposes a task allocation method based on hierarchical auction and dynamic grouping. By introducing a dynamic grouping algorithm to the general allocation procedure, we simultaneously optimize the number of robots in each group and the communication distance between robots. Then the communication loss rate can be reduced to improve task execution efficiency. Simulations of a communication constrained search and rescue scenario are conducted to verify the proposed algorithm, which are compared with the vanilla auction algorithm and a hierarchical approach on static grouping. The results show that our method surpasses the baseline on both task achievement and communication performance.

关键词： Uncertainty Automation Adaptive systems Robot kinematics Heuristic algorithms Dynamic scheduling Resource management

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Preparing a commercial quantum key distribution system for certification against implementation loopholes

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Physical Review Applied 2024年第4期22卷 044076页

作者： Vadim Makarov Alexey Abrikosov Poompong Chaiwongkhot Aleksey K. Fedorov Anqi Huang Evgeny Kiktenko Mikhail Petrov Anastasiya Ponosova Daria Ruzhitskaya Andrey Tayduganov Daniil Trefilov Konstantin Zaitsev Skolkovo Moscow 121205 Russia Vigo Quantum Communication Center NTI Center for Quantum Communications Department of Physics Faculty of Science Institute for Quantum Computing Department of Physics and Astronomy Quantum technology foundation (Thailand) Bangkok 10110 Thailand QRate Skolkovo Moscow 143026 Russia Institute for Quantum Information & State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer Science and Technology Moscow 119991 Russia atlanTTic Research Center School of Telecommunication Engineering Department of Signal Theory and Communications Moscow 101000 Russia

A commercial quantum key distribution (QKD) system needs to be formally certified to enable its wide deployment. The certification should include the system’s robustness against known implementation loopholes and attacks that exploit them. Here we ready a fiber-optic QKD system for this procedure. The system has a prepare-and-measure scheme with decoy-state BB84 protocol, polarization encoding, a qubit source rate of 312.5 MHz, and is manufactured by QRate. We detail its hardware and postprocessing. We analyze the hardware for known implementation loopholes, search for possible new loopholes, and discuss countermeasures. We then amend the system design to address the highest-risk loopholes identified. We also work out technical requirements on the certification lab and outline its possible structure.

关键词： quantum communication quantum cryptography quantum protocols

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Effect of thickness variations of lithium niobate on insulator waveguide on the frequency spectrum of spontaneous parametric down-conversion

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第11期30卷 268-273页

作者： Guang-Tai Xue Xiao-Hui Tian Chi Zhang Zhenda Xie Ping Xu Yan-Xiao Gong Shi-Ning Zhu National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures School of PhysicsSchool of Electronic Science and EngineeringCollege of Engineering and Applied Sciencesand Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Institute for Quantum Information and State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of ComputingNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China

We study the effect of waveguide thickness variations on the frequency spectrum of spontaneous parametric downconversion in the periodically-poled lithium niobate on insulator(LNOI)*** analyze several variation models and our simulation results show that thickness variations in several nanometers can induce distinct effects on the central peak of the spectrum,such as narrowing,broadening,and *** also prove that the effects of positive and negative variations can be canceled and thus lead to a variation-robust feature and an ultra-broad *** study may promote the development of on-chip photon sources in the LNOI platform,as well as opens up a way to engineer photon frequency state.

关键词： lithium niobate on insulator spontaneous parametric down-conversion waveguide thickness variation frequency spectrum

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LazyDB: I/O Optimization of Blockchain Storage System Based on Non-Volatile Memory 4

LazyDB: I/O Optimization of Blockchain Storage System Based ...

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4th International Conference on Information Science, Parallel and Distributed Systems, ISPDS 2023

作者： Liu, Yang Ge, Xuran Xiao, Nong Chen, Zhiguang Ou, Yang Institute for Quantum Information College of Computer National University of Defense Technology State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Computing Changsha China School of Computer Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China College of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350337181

For the blockchain storage system, this paper proposes an I/O optimization scheme based on non-volatile memory based on the storage performance requirements of the blockchain system application. This scheme adopts the key-value separation strategy. Due to the uncertain size of transaction data, by separating the 'key' and 'value' of transaction data, the inherent read-write amplification problem of the LSM-Tree structure is solved. The key-value separation strategy redesigns the storage system's space management and garbage collection mechanisms. Therefore, this chapter uses the byte-addressing characteristics of non-volatile memory to build a new data storage structure, a lazy compression mechanism, and a lazy garbage collection mechanism. On this basis, this paper builds a LazyDB database system for blockchain storage. To ensure the safe and reliable operation of the blockchain system, it can make full use of the storage medium and data characteristics, reducing the blockchain reading and writing process. The I/O overhead in the storage system improves the storage performance of the system. The experimental results show that compared with the most commonly used databases, such as LevelDB and RocksDB in the blockchain system, LazyDB effectively reduces the write amplification of the system and has higher read, write, and data update performance. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Blockchain

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FlyDB: Query Optimization of Blockchain System Based on Hybrid Storage Architecture 4

FlyDB: Query Optimization of Blockchain System Based on Hybr...

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4th International Seminar on Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Information Technology, AINIT 2023

作者： Liu, Yang Xie, Zehui Xiao, Nong Chen, Zhiguang Ou, Yang Institute for Quantum Information and State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Computing College of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha China School of Computer Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China College of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350314526

The hybrid storage architecture incorporates a blockchain dual-index structure optimized for byte addressing in non-volatile memory, low-latency features, and the large capacity of SSD. This paper presents a novel LSM-Tree architecture that leverages the byte-Addressing characteristics of non-volatile memory. The layers of the level0 and level1 are stored in non-volatile memory while employing a local key-value separation strategy to minimize read and write operations during compaction. A logic compression strategy is proposed to handle data compression tasks efficiently. A dual-index structure design is introduced for users to address the scope and multi-keyword queries in the blockchain system. During the compression process, keyword switching occurs during data reordering, ensuring that data within the same SSTable is rearranged according to user preferences. By effectively harnessing the advantages of each level in the hybrid storage architecture, this design significantly reduces both databases write time and the response time for complex queries. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Blockchain

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Disentangled latent factors for muti-cause treatment effect estimation 6

Disentangled latent factors for muti-cause treatment effect ...

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2024 6th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Technologies and Applications, ICAITA 2024

作者： Zhao, Zhuoyue Wang, Haotian Xu, Liyang Wang, Qian Tang, Yuhua Department of Intelligent Data Science National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China Intelligent Game and Decision Lab. Academy of Military Science Beijing100071 China Institute for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Computing College of Computer Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China

Existing methods estimate treatment effects from observational data and assume that covariates are all confounders. However, observed covariates may not directly represent confounding variables that influence both treatment and outcome. They always include variables that only affect the treatment or the outcome. In addition, for multi-dimensional binary treatments, disentangled methods are mainly designed for binary variables and ignore the impact of multi-cause treatment variables on the inference of latent factors. To address these two issues, based on variable decomposition and proxy inference, we propose the Disentangled Latent Factors for Multi-cause Treatment Estimation (DEMTE) algorithm. It utilizes an identifiable autoencoder to infer and disentangle latent factors based on the joint distribution of variables in observational data. DEMTE evaluates the treatment effect on the disentangled factors. Synthetic experiments and semi-synthetic experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the inference and disentanglement techniques and our method achieves more accurate treatment effect estimation. © 2024 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词：

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The 20-nm Skyrmion Generated at Room Temperature by Spin-Orbit Torques

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Chinese Physics Letters 2022年第1期39卷 40-45页

作者： Jiahao Liu Zidong Wang Teng Xu Hengan Zhou Le Zhao Soong-Guen Je Mi-Young Im Liang Fang Wanjun Jiang State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Institute for Quantum Information&State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of ComputerNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China Center for X-ray Optics Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryCyclotron RoadBerkeleyCA 94720USA Department of Physics Chonnam National UniversityGwangju61186Republic of Korea

The discovery of magnetic skyrmions provides a promising pathway for developing functional spintronic memory and logic devices. Towards the future high-density memory application, nanoscale skyrmions with miniaturized diameters, ideally down to 20 nm are required. Using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism transmission microscopy,nanoscale skyrmions are observed in the [Pt/Co/Ir]15 multilayer at room temperature. In particular, small skyrmions with minimum diameters approaching 20 nm could be generated by the current-induced spin-orbit torques. Through implementing material specific parameters, the dynamic process of skyrmion generation is further investigated by performing micromagnetic simulations. According to the simulation results, we find that both the tube-like Neel-type skyrmions and the bobber-like Neel-type skyrmions can be electrically generated. In particular, the size of the bobber-like Neel-type skyrmions can be effectively reduced by the spin-orbit torques,which leads to the formation of 20 nm Neel-type skyrmions. Our findings could be important for understanding the formation dynamics of nanoscale Neel-type spin textures, skyrmions and bobber in particular, which could also be useful for promoting nanoscale skyrmionic memories and logic devices.

关键词： temperature diameters approaching

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