检索结果-内蒙古大学图书馆

TechRxiv 2022年

作者： Zhang, Xu-Lu Yang, Zhen-Qun Jiang, Dong-Mei Liao, Ga Li, Qing Jain, Ramesh Wei, Xiao-Yong College of Computer Science Sichuan University Chengdu610065 China Department of Biomedical Engineering Chinese University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong School of Computer Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an China State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology of Sichuan University Chengdu610041 China Department of Computing Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong Institute for Future Health University of California IrvineCA United States Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences University of California IrvineCA United States

Eating monitoring has remained an open challenge in medical research for years due to the lack of non-invasive sensors for continuous monitoring and the reliable methods for automatic behavior detection. In this paper, we present a pilot study using the wearable 24-hour ECG for sensing and tailoring the sophisticated deep learning for ad-hoc and interpretable detection. This is accomplished using a collocative learning framework in which 1) we construct collocative tensors as pseudo-images from 1D ECG signals to improve the feasibility of 2D image-based deep models;2) we formulate the cardiac logic of analyzing the ECG data in a comparative way as periodic attention regulators so as to guide the deep inference to collect evidence in a human comprehensible manner;and 3) we improve the interpretability of the framework by enabling the backtracking of evidence with a set of methods designed for Class Activation Mapping (CAM) decoding and decision tree/forest generation. The effectiveness of the proposed framework has been validated on the largest ECG dataset of eating behavior with superior performance over conventional models, and its capacity of cardiac evidence mining has also been verified through the consistency of the evidence it backtracked and that of the previous medical studies. © 2022, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Electrocardiograms

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Reentrant quantum anomalous Hall effect in molecular beam epitaxy-grown MnBi2Te4 thin films

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Li, Yuanzhao Bai, Yunhe Feng, Yang Luan, Jianli Gao, Zongwei Chen, Yang Tong, Yitian Liu, Ruixuan Chong, Su Kong Wang, Kang L. Zhou, Xiaodong Shen, Jian Zhang, Jinsong Wang, Yayu Chen, Chui-Zhen Xie, XinCheng Feng, Xiao He, Ke Xue, Qi-Kun Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences Beijing100193 China State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Los Angeles Los AngelesCA90095 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California Los Angeles Los AngelesCA90095 United States State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics Department of Physics Fudan University Shanghai200438 China Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing Fudan University Shanghai200438 China Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center Fudan University Shanghai201210 China Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences Shanghai201315 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing210093 China School of Physical Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou215006 China Institute for Advanced Study Soochow University Suzhou215006 China International Center for Quantum Materials School of Physics Peking University Beijing100871 China Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information Beijing100084 China Hefei National Laboratory Hefei230088 China

In the realm of topological quantum physics, it is widely accepted that a global bandgap is necessary to achieve quantized Hall conductance, irrespective of its origin-magnetic field, exchange coupling or other mechanisms. A material exhibiting the quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect had been considered equivalent to a Chern insulator, a band insulator with non-zero Chern number. However, a Chern Anderson insulator (CAI), which arises in a conducting state with exchange-induced Berry curvature splitting and disorder-induced Anderson localization, can in principle exhibit the QAH effect. In this study, we investigate intrinsic magnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4 thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). We observe a reentrant QAH effect when the Fermi energy enters the valance band and magnetic field equals zero, indicating the emergence of the CAI state. The discovery opens a new avenue for realizing the QAH effect and underscores the fundamental role of both Berry curvature and Anderson localization. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Molecular beam epitaxy

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Towards deployment-centric multimodal AI beyond vision and language

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2025年

作者： Liu, Xianyuan Zhang, Jiayang Zhou, Shuo van der Plas, Thijs L. Vijayaraghavan, Avish Grishina, Anastasiia Zhuang, Mengdie Schofield, Daniel Tomlinson, Christopher Wang, Yuhan Li, Ruizhe van Zeeland, Louisa Tabakhi, Sina Demeocq, Cyndie Li, Xiang Das, Arunav Timmerman, Orlando Baldwin-McDonald, Thomas Wu, Jinge Bai, Peizhen Al Sahili, Zahraa Alwazzan, Omnia Do, Thao N. Suvon, Mohammod N.I. Wang, Angeline Cipolina-Kun, Lucia Moretti, Luigi A. Farndale, Lucas Jain, Nitisha Efremova, Natalia Ge, Yan Varela, Marta Lam, Hak-Keung Celiktutan, Oya Evans, Ben R. Coca-Castro, Alejandro Wu, Honghan Abdallah, Zahraa S. Chen, Chen Danchev, Valentin Tkachenko, Nataliya Lu, Lei Zhu, Tingting Slabaugh, Gregory G. Moore, Roger K. Cheung, William K. Charlton, Peter H. Lu, Haiping Centre for Machine Intelligence University of Sheffield Sheffield United Kingdom School of Computer Science University of Sheffield Sheffield United Kingdom The Alan Turing Institute London United Kingdom Department of Metabolism Digestion and Reproduction Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Applied AI Simula Research Laboratory Oslo Norway Information School University of Sheffield Sheffield United Kingdom NHS England Leeds United Kingdom Institute of Health Informatics University College London London United Kingdom Department of Engineering King’s College London London United Kingdom Department of Computing Science University of Aberdeen Aberdeen United Kingdom School of Informatics University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom School of Engineering Mathematics and Technology University of Bristol Bristol United Kingdom Department of Informatics King’s College London London United Kingdom Department of Earth Sciences University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom Department of Computer Science University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom Department of Computer Science Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom Digital Environment Research Institute Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom Department of Computer Science University of Bath Bath United Kingdom Department of Classics King’s College London London United Kingdom School of Electrical Electronic and Mechanical Engineering University of Bristol Bristol United Kingdom School of Engineering University of the West of England Bristol United Kingdom Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute Glasgow United Kingdom School of Business and Management Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom City St George’s University of London London United Kingdom British Antarctic Survey Cambridge United Kingdom School of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow Glasgow United Kingdom Chief Data & AI Office Lloyds Banking Group Lo

Multimodal artificial intelligence (AI) integrates diverse types of data via machine learning to improve understanding, prediction, and decision-making across disciplines such as healthcare, science, and engineering. However, most multimodal AI advances focus on models for vision and language data, while their deployability remains a key challenge. We advocate a deployment-centric workflow that incorporates deployment constraints early to reduce the likelihood of undeployable solutions, complementing data-centric and model-centric approaches. We also emphasise deeper integration across multiple levels of multimodality and multidisciplinary collaboration to significantly broaden the research scope beyond vision and language. To facilitate this approach, we identify common multimodal-AI-specific challenges shared across disciplines and examine three real-world use cases: pandemic response, self-driving car design, and climate change adaptation, drawing expertise from healthcare, social science, engineering, science, sustainability, and finance. By fostering multidisciplinary dialogue and open research practices, our community can accelerate deployment-centric development for broad societal impact. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Decision making

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Optimizing Two-way Partial AUC with an End-to-end Framework

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Yang, Zhiyong Xu, Qianqian Bao, Shilong He, Yuan Cao, Xiaochun Huang, Qingming School of Computer Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100093 China School of Cyber Security University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China The Security Department of Alibaba Group Hangzhou311121 China School of Cyber Science and Technology Shenzhen Campus Sun Yat-sen University Shenzhen518107 China The School of Computer Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing101408 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing101408 China Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen518055 China

The Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) is a crucial metric for machine learning, which evaluates the average performance over all possible True Positive Rates (TPRs) and False Positive Rates (FPRs). Based on the knowledge that a skillful classifier should simultaneously embrace a high TPR and a low FPR, we turn to study a more general variant called Two-way Partial AUC (TPAUC), where only the region with TPR ≥ α, FPR ≤ β is included in the area. Moreover, a recent work shows that the TPAUC is essentially inconsistent with the existing Partial AUC metrics where only the FPR range is restricted, opening a new problem to seek solutions to leverage high TPAUC. Motivated by this, we present the first trial in this paper to optimize this new metric. The critical challenge along this course lies in the difficulty of performing gradient-based optimization with end-to-end stochastic training, even with a proper choice of surrogate loss. To address this issue, we propose a generic framework to construct surrogate optimization problems, which supports efficient end-to-end training with deep learning. Moreover, our theoretical analyses show that: 1) the objective function of the surrogate problems will achieve an upper bound of the original problem under mild conditions, and 2) optimizing the surrogate problems leads to good generalization performance in terms of TPAUC with a high probability. Finally, empirical studies over several benchmark datasets speak to the efficacy of our framework. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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performance of a Superconducting Quantum Battery

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Elghaayda, Samira Ali, Asad Al-Kuwari, Saif Czerwinski, Artur Mansour, Mostafa Haddadi, Saeed Laboratory of High Energy Physics and Condensed Matter Department of Physics Faculty of Sciences of Aïn Chock Hassan II University P.O. Box 5366 Maarif Casablanca20100 Morocco Qatar Centre for Quantum Computing College of Science and Engineering Hamad Bin Khalifa University Doha Qatar Institute of Physics Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Informatics Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun ul. Grudziadzka 5 Torun87-100 Poland Faculty of Physics Semnan University P.O. Box 35195-363 Semnan Iran Saeed's Quantum Information Group P.O. Box 19395-0560 Tehran Iran

Finding a quantum battery model that demonstrates a quantum advantage while remaining feasible for experimental production is a considerable challenge. In this paper, we introduce a superconducting quantum battery (SQB) model that exhibits such an advantage. The model consists of two coupled superconducting qubits that interact during the unitary charging process while remaining in equilibrium with a thermal reservoir. We first describe the model, provide evidence of the quantum advantage, and then discuss the fabrication process of the battery using superconducting qubits. Importantly, we derive analytical expressions for the ergotropy, instantaneous power, and capacity of the SQB, as well as their connection to quantum coherence. We demonstrate that leveraging the collective effects of Josephson energies and the coupling energy between qubits allows for optimization, resulting in improved energy redistribution and a significant enhancement in charging efficiency. This work highlights the complexities of tuning system parameters, which increase the potential for work extraction from the quantum battery, thereby providing a deeper understanding of the charging mechanisms involved. These findings can be applied to superconducting quantum circuit battery architectures, underscoring the feasibility of efficient energy storage in these systems. Our results pave the way for proposals of new superconducting devices capable of storing extractable work, emphasizing their potential for efficient energy storage. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Qubits

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Skeleton-Based Pre-Training With Discrete Labels for Emotion Recognition in IoT Environments

引用

IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Zhang, Zhen Liang, Feng Wang, Wei Zeng, Runhao Leung, Victor C.M Hu, Xiping Shenzhen MSU-BIT University Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Emotional Intelligence and Pervasive Computing Shenzhen China Shenzhen MSU-BIT University Artificial Intelligence Research Institute China Lanzhou University Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing School of Information Science and Engineering Gansu China Beijing Institute of Technology School of Medical Technology China University of British Columbia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Canada

Self-supervised emotion recognition leveraging skeleton-based data offers a promising approach for classifying emotional expressions within the extensive amount of unlabeled data gathered by sensors in the Internet of Things (IoT). Recent advancements in this field have been driven by contrastive learning-based or generative learning-based self-supervised methods, which effectively tackle the issue of sparsely labeled data. In emotion recognition tasks, the emotional high-level semantics embedded in the skeleton data are more important than the subtle joint movements. Compared to existing methods, discrete label prediction can encourage SSL models to abstract high-level semantics in a manner similar to human perception. However, it is challenging to comprehensively capture emotional expressed in skeleton data solely from joint-based features. Moreover, emotional information conveyed through body movements may include redundant details that hinder the understanding of emotional expression. To overcome these challenges, we propose a novel discrete-label-based emotion recognition framework named the Appendage-Informed Redundancy-ignoring (AIR) discrete label framework. First, we introduce the Appendage-Skeleton Partitioning (ASP) module, which leverages limb movement data from the original skeleton to explore emotional expression. Next, we propose the Appendage-refined Multi-scale Discrete Label (AMDL) module, which transforms traditional self-supervised tasks into classification tasks. This design continuously extracts emotional semantics from skeleton data during pre-training, functioning similarly to predicting categories and subsequently classifying samples. To further reduce the nonessential information in skeleton data that may negatively impact the generation of accurate emotional categories, we propose the Appendage Label Refinement (ALR) module. It refines the generated categories by using the relationships between the skeleton and the various appendages obtai

关键词： Labeled data

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DTCMS: Dynamic traffic congestion management in Social Internet of Vehicles (SIoV)

引用

Internet of Things (Netherlands) 2021年 16卷

作者： Roopa, M.S. Ayesha Siddiq, S. Buyya, Rajkumar Venugopal, K.R. Iyengar, S.S. Patnaik, L.M. Department of Computer Science and Engineering University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering Bangalore University Bengaluru 560-001 India Cloud Computing and Distributed Systems Laboratory School of Computing and Information Systems University of Melbourne Melbourne 3053 VIC Australia Bangalore University Bengaluru 560-001 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Florida International University Miami 33199 FL United States Consciousness Studies Program National Institute of Advanced Studies Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru 560-012 India

With the augmentation of traffic exponentially, we observe that traffic congestion does not guarantee road safety or enhance the driving experience. In the recent past, Social Internet of Vehicles (SIoV), a social network paradigm permits social relationships among every vehicle in the network or with any road infrastructure to render a radically useful environment. SIoV is beneficial for the drivers, in improving road safety, avoiding mishaps, and providing a friendly-driving experience. In this paper, we propose a traffic scheduling algorithm to gain the maximum throughput for the flow of vehicles at a road intersection with the formation of social relationships among the vehicles and with the Road Side Units (RSUs). The algorithm estimates the flow rate of vehicles for lanes at the intersections exploiting the volume of traffic moving through the given road. A condition matrix is designed for the consistent movement of traffic considering different routes on the road segments. Social relationships are devised on various aspects of travel needs for a safe, agile, and better driving experience. Simulation results illustrate the efficacy of the proposed scheme with high traffic throughput, service rate and reduce the total travelling time, delay time, and average waiting time in comparison with Dynamic Throughput Maximization Framework and Adaptive Traffic Control Algorithm. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Dynamic traffic control Social Internet of Vehicles (SIoV) Social relationships Traffic congestion management

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STS MICCAI 2023 Challenge: Grand challenge on 2D and 3D semi-supervised tooth segmentation

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Wang, Yaqi Zhang, Yifan Chen, Xiaodiao Wang, Shuai Qian, Dahong Ye, Fan Xu, Feng Zhang, Hongyuan Zhang, Qianni Wu, Chengyu Li, Yunxiang Cui, Weiwei Luo, Shan Wang, Chengkai Li, Tianhao Liu, Yi Feng, Xiang Zhou, Huiyu Liu, Dongyun Wang, Qixuan Lin, Zhouhao Song, Wei Li, Yuanlin Wang, Bing Wang, Chunshi Chen, Qiupu Li, Mingqian College of Media Engineering Communication University of Zhejiang Hangzhou China State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China Lishui University School of Medicine Hangzhou Geriatric Stomatology Hospital Hangzhou Dental Hospital Group Hangzhou China School of Computer Science and Technology Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou China School of Cyberspace Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou China Suzhou Research Institute of Shandong University Suzhou China School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China School of Biomedical Engineering Medical School Shenzhen University Shenzhen China School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom Department of Mechanical Electrical and Information Engineering Shandong University Weihai China School of Management Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou China Department of Stomatology Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences University of Leicester Leicester United Kingdom Zeta Technology Co. Ltd. No. 1158 Zhangdong Road Pudong New Area Shanghai China China Academy of Information and Communications Technology Beijing China HangZhou Dianzi University Xiasha Higher Education Zone Hangzhou China Southeast University Sipailou Xuanwu District Nanjing China Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China School of Computer Science and Technology Changchun University of Science and Technology Changchun China School of Artificial Intelligence Guilin University of Electronic Technology Guilin China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China Hefei Institutes of Physical Science Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 350 Shushan

computer-aided design (CAD) tools are increasingly popular in modern dental practice, particularly for treatment planning or comprehensive prognosis evaluation. In particular, the 2D panoramic X-ray image efficiently detects invisible caries, impacted teeth and supernumerary teeth in children, while the 3D dental cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is widely used in orthodontics and endodontics due to its low radiation dose. However, there is no open-access 2D public dataset for children's teeth and no open 3D dental CBCT dataset, which limits the development of automatic algorithms for segmenting teeth and analyzing diseases. The Semi-supervised Teeth Segmentation (STS) Challenge, a pioneering event in tooth segmentation, was held as a part of the MICCAI 2023 ToothFairy Workshop on the Alibaba Tianchi platform. This challenge aims to investigate effective semi-supervised tooth segmentation algorithms to advance the field of dentistry. In this challenge, we provide two modalities including the 2D panoramic X-ray images and the 3D CBCT tooth volumes. In Task 1, the goal was to segment tooth regions in panoramic X-ray images of both adult and pediatric teeth. Task 2 involved segmenting tooth sections using CBCT volumes. Limited labelled images with mostly unlabelled ones were provided in this challenge prompt using semi-supervised algorithms for training. In the preliminary round, the challenge received registration and result submission by 434 teams, with 64 advancing to the final round. This paper summarizes the diverse methods employed by the top-ranking teams in the STS MICCAI 2023 Challenge. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image segmentation

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An Automated Feature engineering Method for Online Payment Fraud Detection

引用

Jisuanji Xuebao/Chinese Journal of computers 2020年第10期43卷 1983-2001页

作者： Wang, Cheng Wang, Chang-Qi Department of Computer Science and Technology School of Electronics and Information Engineering Tongji University Shanghai201804 China The Key Laboratory of Embedded System and Service Computing Ministry of Education Shanghai201804 China Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology Tongji University Shanghai200092 China

Internet finance fraud is an increasingly serious social and economic problem. Online payment services (OPSs) are the typical models of Internet finance, and the fraudulent transaction in OPSs is also a typical fraud pattern. The method of identifying fraudulent transactions by constructing a fraud detection model based on machine learning has become a promising idea for online payment anti-fraud. In the process of constructing fraud detection models, the feature engineering is the most critical step. It is also one of the most time-consuming and specialized steps in the relevant area. In the study of feature engineering, the existing online payment fraud detection models are mainly carried out by experts in the form of manual construction based on business knowledge. However, there are many fraud scenarios in OPSs where the process of feature construction is so different. Artificial feature construction methods can no longer meet the increasing demand of anti-fraud. An important way to solve this problem is to automate feature engineering. In the field of Internet financial anti-fraud, the expressibility and interpretability of features play a pivotal role. It is helpful to understand the original source fields and their construction process of important features. This is useful for mining and analyzing the characteristics of fraud methods and follow-up improvement rules engines. These are of great significance for fraud detection models. Therefore, the interpretability of the model method is particularly important. Usually, the optimization of detection accuracy is carried out under the premise of ensuring interpretability. This paper proposed a lightweight, tree-structure, high efficiency and scalable automatic feature engineering method for fraud detection of online payment. The method is as follows: (1) The method has low requirements on the calculation conditions and little dependence on the dataset samples. To realize this advantage, it used the tree structur

关键词： Feature extraction

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Protecting fiber-optic quantum key distribution sources against light-injection attacks

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Ponosova, Anastasiya Ruzhitskaya, Daria Chaiwongkhot, Poompong Egorov, Vladimir Makarov, Vadim Huang, Anqi Russian Quantum Center Skolkovo Moscow121205 Russia NTI Center for Quantum Communications National University of Science and Technology MISiS Moscow119049 Russia Institute for Quantum Computing University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Department of Physics Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok10400 Thailand Bangkok10110 Thailand Leading Research Center for Quantum Internet ITMO University Birzhevaya line 14 St. Petersburg199034 Russia SMARTS-Quanttelecom LLC 6 liniya V.O. 59 St. Petersburg199178 Russia Shanghai Branch National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of China Shanghai201315 China Institute for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China

A well-protected and characterised source in a quantum key distribution system is needed for its security. Unfortunately, the source is vulnerable to light-injection attacks, such as Trojan-horse, laser-seeding, and laser-damage attacks, in which an eavesdropper actively injects bright light to hack the source unit. The hacking laser could be a high-power one that can modify properties of components via the laser-damage attack and also further help the Trojan-horse and other light-injection attacks. Here we propose a countermeasure against the light-injection attacks, consisting of an additional sacrificial component placed at the exit of the source. This component should either withstand high-power incoming light while attenuating it to a safe level that cannot modify the rest of the source, or get destroyed into a permanent high-attenuation state that breaks up the line. We demonstrate experimentally that off-the-shelf fiber-optic isolators and circulators have these desired properties, at least under attack by a continuous-wave high-power laser. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Laser damage

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