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Contaminant removal from low-concentration polluted river water by the bio-rack wetlands

Journal of environmental Sciences 2012年第6期24卷 1006-1013页

作者： Ji Wang Lanying Zhang Shaoyong Lu Xiangcan Jint Shu Gan Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of EducationJilin UniversityChangchun 130021China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control Engineering and Technology Center of LakeResearch Center of Lake EnvironmentChinese Research Academy of Environment SciencesBeijing 100012China College of Resources and Environment Hunan Agriculture UniversityChangsha 410128China

The bio-rack is a new approach for treating low-concentration polluted river water in wetland systems.A comparative study of the efficiency of contaminant removal between four plant species in bio-rack wetlands and between a bio-rack system and control system was conducted on a small-scale （500 mm length × 400 mm width × 400 mm height） to evaluate the decontamination effects of four different wetland *** was generally a significant difference in the removal of total nitrogen （TN）,ammonia nitrogen （NH 3-N） and total phosphorus （TP）,but no significant difference in the removal of permanganate index （COD Mn） between the bio-rack wetland and control ***-rack wetland planted with Thalia dealbata had higher nutrient removal rates than wetlands planted with other *** fine-root （root diameter 3 mm） biomass rather than total plant biomass was related to nutrient removal *** study suggested that the nutrient removal rates are influenced by plant species,and high fine-root biomass is an important factor in selecting highly effective wetland plants for a bio-rack *** to the mass balance,the TN and TP removal were in the range of 61.03-73.27 g/m^2 and 4.14-5.20 g/m^2 in four bio-rack wetlands during the whole operational *** N and P removal by plant uptake constituted 34.9%-43.81% of the mass N removal and 62.05%-74.81% of the mass P *** study showed that the nitrification/denitrification process and plant uptake process are major removal pathways for TN,while plant uptake is an effective removal pathway for TP.

关键词： bio-rack constructed wetland fine-root biomass low-concentration polluted river water plants uptake

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Utilization of Bagasse Pith and Magnesium Bisulfite Spent Liquor for Preparation of Biodegradable Cushioning Packaging Materials(BCPMs)

Utilization of Bagasse Pith and Magnesium Bisulfite Spent Li...

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The 4th International Conference on Biorefinery towards Bioenergy(第四届国际生物炼制会议)

作者： Yanna Lv Beihai He Yali Wu Department of Media and Communication Guangdong Industry Technical CollegeGuangzhou 510300China State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdong 510640China National Engineering Research Center of Papermaking & Pollution Control South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdong 510640China Department of Media and CommunicationGuangdong Industry Technical CollegeGuangzhou 510300China State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdong 510640China

Bagasse pith is a waste product of papermaking *** china,the annual output of sugar cane is 6 million tons,and the ratio of oven dry bagasse is about 13%,which means,there are about 6.5 million tons of oven dry bagass... 详细信息

关键词： Bagesse pith Pulping spent liquor Hydrophilic fumed silica Cushioning packaging material

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Characterization of submicron aerosols in the urban outflow of the central Pearl River Delta region of China

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Frontiers of environmental Science & engineering 2012年第5期6卷 725-733页

作者： Zhaoheng GONG Zijuan LAN Lian XUE Liwu ZENG Lingyan HE Xiaofeng HUANG Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology School of Environment and EnergyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen 518055China Qingdao Environmental Monitoring Center Qingdao 266003China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control School of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Sciences and EngineeringNanjing 210044China

Submicron aerosol particles （with aerody- namic diameters less than 1 pm, PM1） were sampled and measured in Heshan, an urban outflow site of Guangzhou megacity in Pearl River Delta in South China, using an Aerodyne High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer （HR-ToF-AMS） in November 2010 during 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games. The mean PM~ mass concentration measured was 47.9 ± 17.0 μg.m3 during the campaign, with organic aerosol （OA） and sulfate being the two dominant species, accounting for 36.3% and 20.9% of the total mass, respectively, followed by black carbon （17.1%, measured by an aethalometer）, nitrate （12.9%）, ammonium （9.6%） and chloride （3.1%）. The average size distributions of the species （except black carbon） were dominated by an accumulation mode peaking at -550 nm. Calculations based on high-resolution organic mass spectrum showed that, C, H, O and N on average contributed 58.1%, 7.3%, 30.7%, and 3.9% to the total organic mass, respectively. The average ratio of organic mass over organic carbon mass （OM/OC） was 1.73 ± 0.08. Four components of OA were identified by the Positive Matrix Factorization （PMF） analysis, including a hydro- carbon-like （HOA）, a biomass burning （BBOA） and two oxygenated （SV-OOA and LV-OOA） organic aerosol components, which on average accounted for 18.0%, 14.3%, 28.8% and 38.9% of the total organic mass, respectively.

关键词： organic aerosol high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) positive matrix factorization

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Injecting mold protection method based on machine vision

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2012 International Conference on Mechatronic Systems and Materials Application, ICMSMA 2012

作者： Wang, Pingjiang Xu, Changjie Chen, Jihong Tang, Xiaoqi National Numerical Control System Engineering Research Center Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 China

ISBN: (纸本)9783037855294

Aimed at solving the problem of mold damage caused by a foreign body in the mold before mold clamping, this paper proposes a solution, which applies image processing technology such as background updating and the difference image algorithm to solve it. Not only can it judge whether there is a foreign body in the mold but it can also detect whether the product is perfect by comparing the foreground image with the background image at the appropriate time (before mold clamping or after mold opening) and by calculating the qualified rate of pixel in all ROIs (Region of Interest). To eliminate the influence of vibration and of changes in brightness in the surrounding environment on the detecting results, this paper utilizes near infrared illumination technology and the background updating algorithm. In addition, the ROI is set to improve the detecting speed and accuracy. © (2012) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

关键词： Computer vision

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Cellular Tolerance, Accumulation and Distribution of Cadmium in Leaves of Hyperaccumulator Picris divaricata

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Pedosphere 2012年第4期22卷 497-507页

作者： HU Peng-Jie GAN Yuan-Yuan TANG Ye-Tao ZHANG Quan-Fang JIANG Dan YAO Nan QIU Rong-Liang School of Environmental Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275(China) Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology Guangzhou 510275(China) School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275(China) Instrumental Analysis and Research Center Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275(China)

Knowledge of cellular metal homeostasis will provide a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in metal tolerance and hyperaccumulation in metal-hyperaccumulating plants. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry （EDS） was used to determine the localization of cadmium （Cd） in leaves of the Zn/Cd hyperaccumulator Picris divaricata which had a shoot Cd concentration of 565 mg kg-1 after 2 weeks of growth in solution culture supplying 10μ tmol L^-1 CdCl2. The results indicated that Cd was distributed mainly in the trichomes, upper and lower epidermis and bundle sheath cells, with a relatively low level of Cd in mesophyll cells. Mesophyll protoplasts isolated from leaves remained viable after 24 h exposure to CdCl2 at a concentration up to 1 mmol L^-1, indicating their high tolerance to Cd. The intracellular Cd was visualized by staining with Leadmium Green dye, a cellular permeable Cd fluorescence probe. The results showed that the majority of protoplasts （〉 82%） did not accumulate Cd, with only a minority （〈 18%） showing Cd accumulation. In the Cd-accumulating protoplasts, Cd accumulation was depressed by the addition of Fe^2＋, Mn^2＋ and the metabolic inhibitor carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone （CCCP）, but not by Ca^2＋ or Zn^2＋. Furthermore, the entire process of Cd uptake from external solution into the cytoplasm and subsequent sequestration into vacuoles was successfully recorded by confocal images. These results suggested that reduced cellular Cd accumulation and efficient Cd vacuolar sequestration in mesophyll cells might be responsible for cellular Cd tolerance and distribution in the leaves of P. divaricata.

关键词： confocal images fluorescence probe mesophyll protoplast vacuolar

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Biodegradation of n-hexadecane by bacterial strains B1 and B2 isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第9期55卷 1968-1975页

作者： LIU Tao WANG FengHua GUO LanPing LI XiaoLiang YANG XiaoJin LIN Ai Jun State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse(Tongji University) Shanghai 200092China Experimental Teaching Center of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Beijing university of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China Department of Soil Environmental Sciences Research Centerfor Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Institute of Chinese Material Medical China Academy of Chinese Medical SeiencesBeijing 100700China Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning Beijing 100012China

Two hydrocarbon-biodegrading bacterial strains, B1 and B2, were isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil collected from Tianjin, China. The strains were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa （B 1） and Acinetobacter junii （B2）. The degradation rate of n-hexadecane by BI and B2 reached 96% and 78% respectively after 7 days, though the strains employed different mechanisms of degradation. The results showed that B2 was not able to use glucose as carbon source. B 1 could produce glyco- lipid surfactants using glucose as the carbon source, according to the results of blue agar plate analysis and thin layer chroma- tography （TLC）, and the bacterial culture of B 1 had a high oil discharge and emulsification activity. Both B I and B2 could produce biosurfactants with hexadecane as the sole carbon source, but their modes of action were different. The carbon source was found to affect the cell surface hydrophobicity. Cell surface hydrophobicity was poor with glucose as the carbon source, but enhanced when hexadecane was used as the carbon source.

关键词： hexadecane biosurfactant hydrophobicity emulsification bacteria

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Photoinduced and microbial generation of hydrogen peroxide and organic peroxides in natural waters

Environmental Science and Engineering

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environmental Science and engineering 2013年第9783642322228期 139-207页

作者： Mostofa, Khan M.G. Liu, Cong-qiang Sakugawa, Hiroshi Vione, Davide Minakata, Daisuke Wu, Fengchang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang550002 China Department of Environmental Dynamics and Management Graduate School of Biosphere Science Hiroshima University 1-7-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima739-8521 Japan Dipartimento Chim Analit University Turin TurinI-10125 Italy Centro Interdipartimentale NatRisk GrugliascoTOI-10095 Italy School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems Georgia Institute of Technology 828 West Peachtree Street Suite 320 AtlantaGA30332 United States State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Lake Pollution Control Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Chaoyang100012 China

The concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in natural waters has been determined for the first time in 1925 by Harvey (Harvey 1925), who studied inshore and offshore water from the English Channel. © 2013, Spr... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9783642361425

关键词： Hydrogen peroxide

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Mercury removal from coal combustion flue gas by fly ash

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7th International Symposium on Coal Combustion: Cleaner Combustion and Sustainable World, ISCC

作者： Junyan, Kuang Wenqing, Xu Tingyu, Zhu Pengfei, Jing Research Center for Process Pollution Control National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology Institute of Process Engineering Beijing 100190 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

ISBN: (纸本)3540356061

The effect of physicochemical properties on the mercury adsorption performance of three fly ash samples has been investigated. The samples were tested for mercury adsorption using a fixed-bed with a simulated gas. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and other methods were used to characterize the samples. The results indicate that mercury adsorption on fly ash is mainly physisorption and chemisorption. Uncompleted burned carbon is an important factor for the improvement of mercury removal efficiency, especially, the C-M bond may improve the oxidation of mercury, which formed via the reaction of C and Ti?Si and other elements. The higher specific surface areas and smaller pore diameter are all beneficial for the high mercury removal efficiency. The presence of O2 plays a positive role on Hg adsorption of modified fly ash, while SO2has double role of inhibition because of competitive adsorption and promotion to chemisorption. In addition, sample modified with FeCl3 has a great performance in Hg removal. © Tsinghua University Press, Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012.

关键词： Fly ash

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The groundwater special vulnerability of drinking water source area

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Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences 2013年第SUPPL.2期38卷 17-23页

作者： Zuo, Rui Yang, Yan-Fei Wang, Jin-Sheng Teng, Yan-Guo Guo, Xue-Ru Sun, Yue College of Water Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation Ministry of Education Beijing 100875 China Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center Ministry of Environmental Protection Beijing 100082 China National Oceanic Consultation Center State Oceanic Administration Beijing 100860 China

Jinji water sources area in Wuzhong City is selected as the study area for investigation into the impacts of human activities on drinking water quality. Based on the DRASTIC model, the inherent vulnerability of regional groundwater is assessed. Combined with regional land use types, stable or exploitation conditions factors, and regional typical pollutant ammonia nitrogen flux in the specific medium, the special vulnerability of regional groundwater assessment index system is built, the analsis hierarchy process (AHP) is used to calculate the weight of each index, and the partition results of regional inherent vulnerability is weighted coupling calculated and accomplished in the ArcGIS platform. And the partition results is verified by the measured ammonia distribution in groundwater, showing that vulnerability is mostly at moderate level in the regional groundwater, and the high level is southwest and industrial location in the study area. The results facilitate the future scientific management of regional water sources.

关键词： Groundwater

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Photoinduced and microbial degradation of dissolved organic matter in natural waters

Environmental Science and Engineering

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environmental Science and engineering 2013年第9783642322228期 273-364页

作者： Mostofa, Khan M.G. Liu, Cong-qiang Minakata, Daisuke Wu, Fengchang Vione, Davide Mottaleb, M.Abdul Yoshioka, Takahito Sakugawa, Hiroshi State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang550002 China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems Georgia Institute of Technology 828 West Peachtree Street Suite 320 AtlantaGA30332 United States State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Lake Pollution Control Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Chaoyang100012 China Dipartimento Chim Analit University Turin TurinI-10125 Italy Centro Interdipartimentale NatRisk GrugliascoTOI-10095 Italy Northwest Missouri State University 800 University Drive MaryvilleMO64468 United States Field Science Education and Research Center Kyoto University Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho Sakyo-ku Kyoto606-8502 Japan Department of Environmental Dynamics and Management Graduate School of Biosphere Science Hiroshima University 1-7-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima739-8521 Japan

Solar radiation is a universal and regular phenomenon in biosphere that is vital for all life in the Earth’s *** maintains all the physical, chemical and biological processes of organic matter and dissolved organic m... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9783642361425

关键词： Biogeochemistry

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