The mechanical assemblies in automotive engines are usually lubricated by a combination of oil and solid lubrication films. Consequently, the significant current challenges for developing the tribological behavior of ...
The mechanical assemblies in automotive engines are usually lubricated by a combination of oil and solid lubrication films. Consequently, the significant current challenges for developing the tribological behavior of vehicle engines need the lubricants that conform to different operating conditions by providing mechanisms for reducing friction and wear. This article summarily reviews the techniques used to improve the tribological performance for piston ring-cylinder liner contact and evaluates their effectiveness to provide the most assuring approaches to reduce friction and wear. The objective was to explore the areas where there are openings for further research contributions to achieving an improvement in the piston ring-cylinder contact in automotive engines.
The majority of the thermal energy released in an automotive internal combustion cycle is exhausted as waste heat through the tail pipe. This paper describes an automobile exhaust thermoelectric generator (AETEG), des...
The majority of the thermal energy released in an automotive internal combustion cycle is exhausted as waste heat through the tail pipe. This paper describes an automobile exhaust thermoelectric generator (AETEG), designed to recycle automobile waste heat. A model of the output characteristics of each thermoelectric device was established by testing their open circuit voltage and internal resistance, and combining the output characteristics. To better describe the relationship, the physical model was transformed into a topological model. The connection matrix was used to describe the relationship between any two thermoelectric devices in the topological structure. Different topological structures produced different power outputs; their output power was maximised by using an iterative algorithm to optimize the series-parallel electrical topology structure. The experimental results have shown that the output power of the optimal topology structure increases by 18.18% and 29.35% versus that of a pure in-series or parallel topology, respectively, and by 10.08% versus a manually defined structure (based on user experience). The thermoelectric conversion device increased energy efficiency by 40% when compared with a traditional car.
Molecular chirality is introduced at liquid–solid interfaces. A ring‐like aggregation of amyloid Aβ(1–40) on N ‐isobutyryl‐ L ‐cysteine ( L ‐NIBC)‐modified gold substrate occurs at low Aβ(1–40) concentratio...
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Molecular chirality is introduced at liquid–solid interfaces. A ring‐like aggregation of amyloid Aβ(1–40) on N ‐isobutyryl‐ L ‐cysteine ( L ‐NIBC)‐modified gold substrate occurs at low Aβ(1–40) concentration, while D ‐NIBC modification only results in rod‐like aggregation. Utilizing atomic force microscope controlled tip‐enhanced Raman scattering, we directly observe the secondary structure information for Aβ(1–40) assembly in situ at the nanoscale. D ‐ or L ‐NIBC on the surface can guide parallel or nonparallel alignment of β‐hairpins through a two‐step process based on electrostatic‐interaction‐enhanced adsorption and subsequent stereoselective recognition. Possible electrostatic interaction sites (R5 and K16) and a chiral recognition site (H14) of Aβ(1–40) are proposed, which may provide insight into the understanding of this effect.
Transportation sector is a primary consumer of different energy resources, especially in vehicles. Accordingly, industrial society needs novel affordable strategies, accessible and sustainable for fuel economy and red...
Transportation sector is a primary consumer of different energy resources, especially in vehicles. Accordingly, industrial society needs novel affordable strategies, accessible and sustainable for fuel economy and reducing the exhaust emissions from combustion engines. The wear and friction are a principal reason for energy dissipation owing to the frictional losses that reach 17-19% of the engine output power. Improving the tribological properties and engines performance is a straightforward approach for saving energy and decreasing emissions using nanomaterials as eco-friendly based nanolubricants to replace the environmentally harmful additives of the traditional commercial engine oils. This study summarizes the recent advances in the area of nanolubricant additives and engine performance lubricated by nanolubricants additives.
This article was originally published online on 7 January 2022 with an incorrect page number. The correct page number is 017106. All online versions of this art
This article was originally published online on 7 January 2022 with an incorrect page number. The correct page number is 017106. All online versions of this art
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