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Materials Today Communications 2025年 46卷

作者： Song, Chao Wang, Guangchao Zhao, Xinhao Han, Qingyou Yin, Fei Hubei Longzhong Laboratory Hubei Xiangyang441000 China Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China School of Automotive Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China AECC Zhongchuan Transmission Machinery Co. Ltd Changsha410219 China School of Mechanical Engineering Southeast University Jiangsu Nanjing210009 China

Grain refinement from the microscale to the nanoscale significantly enhances the performance of metals. Ensuring stable grain size and mechanical properties at high temperatures is critical for the production and utilization of nanomaterials. In this work, we fabricated average surface ferrite size of 33.9 nm gradient nanostructured CSS-42L using ultrasonic shot peening (USP). To investigate the stability of the nanocrystals at service temperature of 500 °C, the gradient heterogeneous nanostructured samples were annealed at temperatures ranging from 300 to 600 °C for 30 minutes, followed by exposure at 500 °C for one week. The results show that the average surface ferrite size stable at 38.4 nm after annealing at 400 °C, and it stabilized at 36.4 nm after one week of heat preservation, demonstrating the significant stability of the gradient nanostructure. Therefore, the optimal surface strengthening process for CSS-42L is USP-15 min+ AT-400 °C. Fundamental mechanisms of surface nanocrystallization and stable ferrite size are discussed based on both experimental and simulation results. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Nanocrystalline materials

A Comparative Study of Reduced-Order Methods for Solid Phase Lithium-Ion Transfer Based on Single Particle Model

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Zhu, Guorong Kong, Chun Wang, Jing V. Kang, Jianqiang Wang, Qian School of Automation Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Automotive Components Technology Wuhan430070 China

The mass transfer in lithium-ion batteries is a slow dynamic which affects the electrochemical reaction rate in lithium-ion batteries. To find an effective way to describe the mass transfer in lithium-ion batteries, three different solid phase diffusion reduced-order methods based on the single particle model are compared and improved. The discrete-time realization algorithm (DRA) realizes the optimal reduced-order discrete-time approximation for solid phase lithium-ion diffusion with the state-space matrices. The fractional-order padé approximation method (FOM) uses the fractional-order Padé approximation to simplify the solid phase lithium-ion diffusion. The three parameters method (TPM) approximates the solid phase surface lithium-ion concentration change with a three-parameter parabolic function. Simulation results show that TPM gets accurate solid phase surface stoichiometry and cell voltage prediction with low computational complexity. TPM achieves 20.17 mV voltage root mean square error with only 0.0741s to simulate 8000s constant current charge and discharge dynamics. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

Microstructure and mechanical properties of 6082 aluminum alloy processed by preaging and hot forging

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2022年第3期32卷 790-800页

作者： Lin HUA Pu-guang YUAN Ning ZHAO Zhi-li HU Hui-juan MA Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Automotive Components Technology Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China Hubei Research Center for New Energy&Intelligent Connected Vehicle Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China Hubei Engineering Research Center for Green&Precision Material Forming Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China

A novel forging process of 6082 aluminum alloy is proposed, which can save time and reduce energy consumption while ensuring mechanical properties. In this process, the billet was preforged at solid solution temperature and then preaged, followed by warm forging at 200 ℃. The flow behavior of the preaged samples during compression and the mechanical properties of the formed samples were investigated by hot compression tests. The differences in the precipitated phases of the samples with different processing parameters were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). The best comprehensive performance was obtained after preaging at 120 ℃ for 4 h and holding at 200 ℃ for 10 min, and the Vickers hardness was HV 128, which was higher than that of the traditional process. Precipitation strengthening and dislocation strengthening were improved when the samples were formed at 200 ℃. This forging process shows the advantages of short time consumption and low energy consumption, which can effectively improve the production efficiency while ensuring the strength after forming.

关键词： 6082 aluminum alloy forging preaging compression behavior hardness precipitates

Numerical Study on Convective Heat Transfer Characteristics of Supercritical Nitrogen in a Helical Cruciform Tube

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Fan, Longyu Yu, Qinghua Yu, Ganglin Yan, Fuwu Liu, Xuan Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Hubei Key Laboratory of Emergency Safety and Rescue Technology Xiangyang441003 China

The heat transfer of supercritical nitrogen (SCN) is of vital importance to liquid air energy storage, cold energy recovery of liquefied natural gas and thermal management of hypersonic vehicles. This paper proposed a helical cruciform tube (HCT) to enhance the heat transfer of SCN in a tube. Comparative analyses on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of SCN between an HCT and a circular tube (CT) were carried out by numerical simulations. The impacts of operating parameters such as heat flux, mass flow rate, and flow direction on the flow and heat transfer of SCN were explored. It is found that the changing trend of the heat transfer characteristics of the HCT is similar to that of the CT: smaller heat flux or higher mass flow rate increases the heat transfer coefficient, and the buoyancy force inhibits heat transfer in vertically upward flow. However, the numerical results show that the helical construction can promote lateral mixing velocity generation, boost mixing intensity inside the tube, and accordingly enhance heat transfer. The heat transfer coefficient of the HCT is higher than that of the CT before the pseudo-critical temperature point. The average heat transfer coefficient of SCN in the HCT is 4%–13% higher than that in the CT. Theoretical guidance for the design of high-performance SCN heat exchange systems is provided by the aforementioned study findings. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heat flux

An Empirical Parameter Identification Method for Lifepo4 Battery's Mechanical Model with Hysteresis Effect Considered

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Kang, Jianqiang Wei, Wen Wang, Qian Wang, Jing V. Zhu, Guorong Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Automotive Components Technology Wuhan430070 China School of Automation Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China

Compared with other types of lithium-ion batteries, there is an obvious hysteresis effect in LiFePO4 battery, which leads to inaccurate parameter identification for its mechanical modelling. This article proposes an empirical parameter identification method for the P2D model of LiFePO4 battery, which takes the hysteresis effect into consideration. The proposed method adds a modified zero-state model to describe hysteresis effects during the identification process of lithium intercalation intervals. Simulation results prove that errors of identified parameters under various working conditions are relatively small, and the average relative error is within 0.5%. The proposed method to compensate for hysteresis effect is relatively simple and easy to implement, and can improve the accuracy and generalization ability of the electrochemical model of LiFePO4 batteries. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lithium compounds

Research on Vehicle Damping Control Strategy Based on In-Arm Torsional Electromagnetic Active Suspension

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Research on Vehicle Damping Control Strategy Based on In-Arm...

2021 International Conference on Advances in Optics and Computational Sciences, ICAOCS 2021

作者： Zhang, Hongyang Xiang, Weier Zhou, Kailai Xu, Lin School of Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China

This paper proposes a new control strategy based on the In-Arm Torsional Electromagnetic Active Suspension (ITEAS), which can improve the vehicle ride comfort through adjusting the damper in ITEAS to optimize the kinetic characteristics of the vehicle composed by two ITEAS systems. Firstly, the structure and principle of the new type system is introduced followed by the description of the vehicle and the damper in ITEAS. Secondly, according to theoretical mechanics and fluid mechanics, the dynamic model of ITEAS system and the hydraulic model of shock absorber are established under forced vibration. Then, the PID control simulation model of the front suspension is established in AMESIM with a passive model as reference, due to the special assemble features of the vehicle. The rear suspension adopts predictive control method and the simulation model is built in MATLAB/SIMULINK, whose theory can be summarized as adjusting the duty ratio of the valve in damper to improve the stability of the vehicle under the condition that the road surface information is already known. Lastly, this paper tests the suspension characteristics on the MTS bench, which verifies the proposed control method improves the ride comfort performance and the feasibility of predictive system. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Model predictive control

Design of Integrated Energy Monitoring System Based on Cloud Computing

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Design of Integrated Energy Monitoring System Based on Cloud...

Electronic Materials and Information Engineering (EMIE), International Conference on

作者： Longlong Zhang Maoqiu Pu Peizhi Yang Zhiyuan Zhu Key Laboratory of Advanced Technique & Preparation for Renewable Energy Materials Ministry of Education Yunnan Normal University Kunming China Guangxi key laboratory of Automobile Components and Vehicle technology Guangxi University of Science and Technology Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Circuits and Intelligent Information Processing Southwest University Chongqing China

ISBN: (数字)9798350390223

ISBN: (纸本)9798350390230

To fully utilize limited energy resources and address the inefficiencies in existing energy management, the authors proposed a comprehensive energy monitoring system design based on cloud computing, starting from the perspective of system network architecture. This system leverages existing resources effectively and incorporates overall scheduling, real-time monitoring, and predictive functionalities. The system operates on a cloud computing platform, processing data from three types of energy metering devices generated by sensors (electricity meter, water meter, gas meter) to provide users with real-time energy consumption data, represented as (0.50, 0.23, 0.10). These values are very close to the actual power consumption values (0.47, 0.21, 0.08), within an acceptable energy consumption range, achieving an average accuracy of 98%. This proves the high accuracy of cloud computing in remote real-time data transmission. Furthermore, the system utilizes the high reliability and scalability of cloud computing to offer integrated resource management, customized application, and virtualization platform switching services to customers, enabling information-based management of energy reserves, consumption, and equipment operation.

关键词： Meters Cloud computing Energy consumption Accuracy Switches Real-time systems Virtualization

Microstructure Evolution and Strengthening Mechanism of As-Extruded Γ-Tial Alloy During High Strain Rate Isothermal Compression

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Liu, Yongzhi Hu, Zhijun Hu, Zhili Hubei Longzhong laboratory Hubei Xiangyang441000 China Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China Hubei Engineering Research Center for Green & Precision Material Forming Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China

In response to the substantial energy consumption and low efficiency associated with conventional isothermal forging of γ-TiAl alloys, this study investigates the hot deformation behavior of as-extruded Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy at a fast strain rate ranging from 0.1 s-1 to 1 s-1, with an engineering strain of 50% and deformation temperature of 1200 °C - 1300 °C. The microstructure and hardness of the specimens were analyzed after hot deformation and subsequent heat treatment at 1340 °C for 5 min followed by air cooling. The findings indicate that the as-extruded γ-TiAl alloy exhibits excellent hot working performance, leading to a refined grain structure with maximum average hardness improvement of 36.9%. The recrystallization mechanism of γ phase involves both DDRX and CDRX. The α2 phase exhibits significant DRV and CDRX under deformation conditions of 1300 °C-1 s-1. The further refined grains, high-density dislocation and α2 phase fraction are beneficial for improving the hardness. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Aluminum alloys

Interfacial Enhancement of Cfrp/Titanium Alloy Bonding Joint by Constructing a 3d Interconnected Cnts Network

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Liu, Zhaoyi Wang, Hui Chen, Yizhe Chai, Dawei Hua, Lin Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China Hubei Longzhong Laboratory Xiangyang441000 China Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Automotive Components Technology Wuhan430070 China Hubei Research Center for New Energy & Intelligent Connected Vehicle Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China

Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP)/titanium alloy joints offer exceptionally lightweight, superior fatigue behavior and impact resistance for aerospace applications. Nevertheless, Fiber-tear failure manifestly occurs in the CFRP/metal bonded joints due to the stress concentration of carbon fiber surfaces, and the adhesive cannot develop its full shear strength capacity, resulting in low shear strength. This drawback has limited the reliability of CFRP in full-scale structures where adhesive bonding is essential. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) interconnected carbon nanotubes (CNTs) network was constructed on the carbon fibers on the surface of CFRP to release the stress concentration. Carboxyl functionalized CNTs were grown on the surface of carbon fibers (CFs), and then the CNTs were arranged in the adhesive to form a 3D network using ultrasonic-powered adhesive injection (UPAI) process. The interfacial bonding strength can reach up to 29.51 MPa, increasing by 30.7%. The growth of CNTs was verified by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The ultrasonic process can effectively promote the construction of 3D coiled and vertically aligned CNT structures, providing a more complex crack propagation path for the energy dissipation capability. FESEM and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) tests of the cross sections of CFRP/titanium alloy joints revealed that the ultrasonic process promoted mechanical anchoring owing to improved wettability and increased acoustic pressure within the adhesive. These results provide insights into future high-performance CFRP/metal hybrid joining technology of lightweight structures. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes

Compatible matching and synergy operation optimization of hydrogen-electric hybrid energy storage system in DC microgrid

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Energy Conversion and Management: X 2025年 26卷

作者： Du, Banghua Peng, Yanyu Li, Yang Xie, Changjun Zhu, Shihao Zhu, Wenchao Yang, Yang You, Li Zhang, Leiqi Zhao, Bo Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China School of Automation Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China Department of Electrical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg41258 Sweden State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan430070 China State Grid Hubei Electric Power Research Institute Wuhan430077 China State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Research Institute Hangzhou310014 China

Hydrogen energy storage (HES) systems could balanced source-load mismatches in DC microgrids. By combining HES with electrical energy storage (EES), the start-up delay and rapid degradation of HES under fluctuating inputs can be mitigated, enhancing system adaptability. However, without proper power allocation and operational optimization, system efficiency and the lifespan of HES and EES decrease. Accordingly, this paper proposes a compatible matching and synergy operation optimization for hydrogen-electric hybrid energy storage systems (H-E HESS). Firstly, Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN) is developed to decompose power fluctuation signals into frequency components, and the Hilbert transform calculates the energy value to determine high- and low-frequency dividing points. Next, a system power allocation strategy is formulated through the fast response of the EES to compensate for the delay in the start-up of the HES. A multi-objective optimization model is then developed to balance efficiency and lifespan, which is solved by the NSGA-III algorithm. Finally, case studies show that the proposed strategy improves efficiency by 17.95 % and 8.34 %, reduces degradation rates by 1 % and 0.71 %, and shortens system response time in 1 s, compared to Schemes I and II. The strategy's effectiveness is also validated through an experimental platform in a hydrogen-electric coupled DC microgrid demonstration project. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： Hydrogen storage