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Design and Implementation of a Portable Laser Calibration System for LHAASO-WFCTA 38

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Design and Implementation of a Portable Laser Calibration Sy...

38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Yuan, Guotao Sun, Qinning Jin, Min Xia, Junji Liu, Jing Min, Zhen Zhu, Fengrong Chen, Long Wang, Yang Liu, Yu Zhang, Yong Cao, Zhen Aharonian, F. An, Q. Axikegu Bai, L.X. Bai, Y.X. Bai, L.X. Bai, Y.X. Bao, Y.W. Bastieri, D. Bi, X.J. Bi, Y.J. Cai, H. Cai, J.T. Cao, Zhe Chang, J. Chang, J.F. Chen, B.M. Chen, E.S. Chen, J. Chen, Liang Chen, Liang Chen, Long Chen, M.J. Chen, M.L. Chen, Q.H. Chen, S.H. Chen, S.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, X.L. Chen, Y. Cheng, N. Cheng, Y.D. Cui, S.W. Cui, X.H. Cui, Y.D. D’Ettorre Piazzoli, B. Dai, B.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Danzengluobu della Volpe, D. Dong, X.J. Duan, K.K. Fan, J.H. Fan, Y.Z. Fan, Z.X. Fang, J. Fang, K. Feng, C.F. Feng, L. Feng, S.H. Feng, Y.L. Gao, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, L.Q. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Ge, M.M. Geng, L.S. Gong, G.H. Gou, Q.B. Gu, M.H. Guo, F.L. Guo, J.G. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Han, Y.A. He, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.C. He, S.L. He, X.B. He, Y. Heller, M. Hor, Y.K. Hou, C. Hu, H.B. Hu, S. Hu, S.C. Hu, X.J. Huang, D.H. Huang, Q.L. Huang, W.H. Huang, X.T. Huang, X.Y. Huang, Z.C. Ji, F. Ji, X.L. Jia, H.Y. Jiang, K. Jiang, Z.J. Jin, C. Ke, T. Kuleshov, D. Levochkin, K. Li, B.B. Li, Cheng Li, Cong Li, F. Li, H.B. Li, H.C. Li, H.Y. Li, J. Li, K. Li, W.L. Li, X.R. Li, Xin Li, Xin Li, Y. Li, Y.Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Liang, E.W. Liang, Y.F. Lin, S.J. Liu, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, J.S. Liu, J.Y. Liu, M.Y. Liu, R.Y. Liu, S.M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.N. Liu, Z.X. Long, W.J. Lu, R. Lv, H.K. Ma, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Mao, J.R. Masood, A. Min, Z. Mitthumsiri, W. Montaruli, T. Nan, Y.C. Pang, B.Y. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.Y. Qi, M.Y. Qi, Y.Q. Qiao, B.Q. Qin, J.J. Ruffolo, D. Rulev, V. Sáiz, A. Shao, L. Shchegolev, O. Sheng, X.D. Shi, J.Y. Song, H.C. Stenkin, Yu.V. School of Physical Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Sichuan Province Chengdu611756 China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics Experimental Physics Division Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Institute of HighEnergy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Province Chengdu610000 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Sichuan Chengdu China Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place Dublin 2 Ireland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O. Box 103980 Heidelberg69029 Germany State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China School of Physical Science and Technology School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Sichuan Chengdu610031 China College of Physics Sichuan University Sichuan Chengdu610065 China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China School of Physics and Technology Wuhan University Hubei Wuhan430072 China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Hebei Normal University Hebei Shijiazhuang050024 China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200030 China Ministry of Education Tibet Lhasa850000 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Zhuhai519000 China Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università di Napoli ‘Federico II" Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo via Cinthia Napoli80126 Italy School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan Uni

The Wide Field of View Cherenkov Telescope Array (WFCTA), situated in the harsh environment of Daocheng, is established to investigate ultrahigh energy cosmic rays. To enhance the calibration of WFCTA, a portable laser calibration system has been developed, which provides specified energy and direction of the YAG laser. Special designs, including power system, north calibration, and rotating system, have been implemented to ensure the proper functioning of the portable laser calibration system. The aluminum alloy of the entire frame and the vibration damper provide robust anti-impact ability and safety during transportation to different observation locations. A temperature control facility has been employed to meet the operational temperature requirement of electronic equipment. Various sensors have been utilized to monitor environmental parameters, the energy of YAG laser pulses, azimuth and pitch angles, and other parameters in real-time. The auto-control program is communicated wirelessly to avoid any manual interference with the system. The field experiment results have confirmed the reliability of the system and its ability to meet the calibration requirements of WFCTA. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Laser safety

The end-to-end Calibration of LHAASO-WFCTA based on Nitrogen Laser System 38

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The end-to-end Calibration of LHAASO-WFCTA based on Nitrogen...

38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Sun, Qinning Min, Zhen Liu, Hu Chen, Long Wang, Yang Zhu, Fengrong Zhang, Shoushan Cao, Zhen Aharonian, F. An, Q. Axikegu Bai, L.X. Bai, Y.X. Bai, L.X. Bai, Y.X. Bao, Y.W. Bastieri, D. Bi, X.J. Bi, Y.J. Cai, H. Cai, J.T. Cao, Zhe Chang, J. Chang, J.F. Chen, B.M. Chen, E.S. Chen, J. Chen, Liang Chen, Liang Chen, Long Chen, M.J. Chen, M.L. Chen, Q.H. Chen, S.H. Chen, S.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, X.L. Chen, Y. Cheng, N. Cheng, Y.D. Cui, S.W. Cui, X.H. Cui, Y.D. D’Ettorre Piazzoli, B. Dai, B.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Danzengluobu della Volpe, D. Dong, X.J. Duan, K.K. Fan, J.H. Fan, Y.Z. Fan, Z.X. Fang, J. Fang, K. Feng, C.F. Feng, L. Feng, S.H. Feng, Y.L. Gao, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, L.Q. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Ge, M.M. Geng, L.S. Gong, G.H. Gou, Q.B. Gu, M.H. Guo, F.L. Guo, J.G. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Han, Y.A. He, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.C. He, S.L. He, X.B. He, Y. Heller, M. Hor, Y.K. Hou, C. Hu, H.B. Hu, S. Hu, S.C. Hu, X.J. Huang, D.H. Huang, Q.L. Huang, W.H. Huang, X.T. Huang, X.Y. Huang, Z.C. Ji, F. Ji, X.L. Jia, H.Y. Jiang, K. Jiang, Z.J. Jin, C. Ke, T. Kuleshov, D. Levochkin, K. Li, B.B. Li, Cheng Li, Cong Li, F. Li, H.B. Li, H.C. Li, H.Y. Li, J. Li, K. Li, W.L. Li, X.R. Li, Xin Li, Xin Li, Y. Li, Y.Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Liang, E.W. Liang, Y.F. Lin, S.J. Liu, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, J.S. Liu, J.Y. Liu, M.Y. Liu, R.Y. Liu, S.M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.N. Liu, Z.X. Long, W.J. Lu, R. Lv, H.K. Ma, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Mao, J.R. Masood, A. Min, Z. Mitthumsiri, W. Montaruli, T. Nan, Y.C. Pang, B.Y. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.Y. Qi, M.Y. Qi, Y.Q. Qiao, B.Q. Qin, J.J. Ruffolo, D. Rulev, V. Sáiz, A. Shao, L. Shchegolev, O. Sheng, X.D. Shi, J.Y. Song, H.C. Stenkin, Yu.V. Stepanov, V. Su, Y. Sun, Q.N. Southwest Jiaotong University School of Physical Science and Technology No. 999 Xi’an Road Chengdu China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center No. 19B Yuquan Road Beijing100049 China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center No. 1500 Kezhi Road Chengdu China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Sichuan Chengdu China Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place Dublin 2 Ireland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O. Box 103980 Heidelberg69029 Germany State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China School of Physical Science and Technology School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Sichuan Chengdu610031 China College of Physics Sichuan University Sichuan Chengdu610065 China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China School of Physics and Technology Wuhan University Hubei Wuhan430072 China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Hebei Normal University Hebei Shijiazhuang050024 China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200030 China Ministry of Education Tibet Lhasa850000 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Zhuhai519000 China Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università di Napoli ‘Federico II" Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo via Cinthia Napoli80126 Italy School of Physics and As

The Wide Field-of-view Cherenkov Telescope Array (WFCTA) of Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) is designed to perform nearly calorimetric measurements of extensive air showers induced by cosmic rays with energies between 1013 eV - 1018 eV. In order to achieve an end-to-end calibration of WFCTA and investigate properties of the atmospheric aerosol, five laser systems have been operated at LHAASO, including 3 nitrogen and 2 Nd:YAG laser devices. This work presents an overview of the laser signals received by the telescope and the monitoring of geometric information related to nitrogen laser events. Additionally, it introduces the simulation method for the LHAASO-WFCTA laser calibration system. Through prolonged and stable operation, a substantial amount of data has been accumulated, requiring further data analysis for the calibration of the telescope’s absolute gain and measurement of aerosol extinction coefficients. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmology

The role of slow manifolds in parameter estimation for a multiscale stochastic system with α-stable Lévy noise

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Chao, Ying Wei, Pingyuan Duan, Jinqiao School of Mathematics and Statistics Center for Mathematical Sciences Hubei Key Laboratory for Engineering Modeling and Scientific Computing Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Department of Applied Mathematics Illinois Institute of Technology ChicagoIL60616 United States

This work is about parameter estimation for a fast-slow stochastic system with non-Gaussian α-stable Lévy noise. When the observations are only available for slow components, a system parameter is estimated and the accuracy for this estimation is quantified by p-moment with p ∈ (1, α), with the help of a reduced system through random slow manifold approximation. This method provides an advantage in computational complexity and cost, due to the dimension reduction in stochastic systems. To numerically illustrate this method, and to corroborate that the parameter estimator based on the reduced slow system is a good approximation for the true parameter value of the original system, a prototypical example is present. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Parameter estimation

Sulfurized Composite Interphase Enables a Highly Reversible Zn Anode

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Angewandte Chemie 2024年第7期137卷

作者： Lu Wu Dr. Hao Yuan Yongkang An Dr. Jianguo Sun Yu Liu Dr. Han Tang Wei Yang Lianmeng Cui Jinghao Li Prof. Qinyou An Prof. Yong-Wei Zhang Prof. Lin Xu Prof. Liqiang Mai State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC) Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) 1 Fusionopolis Way #16-16 Connexis Singapore 138632 Singapore Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117574 Singapore Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China Hubei Longzhong Laboratory Wuhan University of Technology (Xiangyang Demonstration Zone) Xiangyang 441000 China Zhongyu Feima New Material Technology Innovation Center (Zhengzhou) Co. Ltd. Zhengzhou 450001 China

The stability and reversibility of Zn anode can be greatly improved by in situ construction of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on Zn surface via a low-cost design strategy of ZnSO 4 electrolyte. However, the role of hydrogen bond acceptor -SO 3 accompanying ZnS formation during SEI reconstruction is overlooked. In this work, we have explored and revealed the new role of -SO 3 and ZnS in the in situ formed sulfide composite SEI (SCSEI) on Zn anode electrochemistry in ZnSO 4 aqueous electrolytes. Structure characterization and DFT demonstrate that the introduction of -SO 3 can not only reduce the dehydration energy of [Zn(H 2 O) 6 ] 2+ , but also enhance the stability of the ZnS/Zn interface and homogenize the ZnS/Zn interface electric field, thereby significantly improving the dynamic kinetics and uniform deposition of Zn 2+ . Owing to the synergistic effect of ZnS and -SO 3 , a high cycling stability of 1500 h with a cumulative-plated capacity of 7.5 Ah cm −2 at 10 mA cm −2 has been achieved within the symmetrical cell. Furthermore, the full cell with NH 4 V 4 O 10 cathode exhibits outstanding cyclic stability, exceeding 2000 cycles at 5 A g −1 and maintaining a Coulombic efficiency of 100 %. These new insights into anionic synergistic strategy could significantly enhance the practical application of zinc-ion batteries.

关键词： electrolyte in situ sulfurized SEI anionic synergistic zinc ion batteries

Cloud-based remote control framework for unmanned surface vehicles ⁎

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2020年第2期53卷 14564-14569页

作者： Zhao Wang Shaolong Yang Xianbo Xiang Antonio Vasilijević Nikola Mišković Ðula Nađ School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China Hubei Key Laboratory of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Hydrodynamics (HUST) Wuhan 430074 PR China Laboratory for Underwater Systems and Technologies Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia

This paper proposes a cloud-based mission control framework for a fleet of unmanned vehicles. The framework enables easy remote access to fleet operations regardless of operator location. By leveraging cloud-based technologies the framework accomplishes scalable monitoring, remote control, data acquisition and sharing. While the front-end is applicable across mobile robotic systems, the back-end presented in this paper provides integration with the Robot Operating System (ROS); thus, enabling integration of various marine robotic agents based on the same robot framework. The proposed framework operation is demonstrated on the H2OmniX unmanned surface vehicles during trials in Biograd na Moru, Croatia.

关键词： remote control distributed control cloud-based control Robot Operating System

Detection of very high-energy gamma-ray emission from the radio galaxy M87 with LHAASO

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Cao, Zhen Aharonian, F. Axikegu Bai, Y.X. Bao, Y.W. Bastieri, D. Bi, X.J. Bi, Y.J. Bian, W. Bukevich, A.V. Cao, Q. Cao, W.Y. Cao, Zhe Chang, J. Chang, J.F. Chen, A.M. Chen, E.S. Chen, H.X. Chen, Liang Chen, Lin Chen, Long Chen, M.J. Chen, M.L. Chen, Q.H. Chen, S. Chen, S.H. Chen, S.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, Y. Cheng, N. Cheng, Y.D. Chu, M.C. Cui, M.Y. Cui, S.W. Cui, X.H. Cui, Y.D. Dai, B.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Danzengluobu Dong, X.Q. Duan, K.K. Fan, J.H. Fan, Y.Z. Fang, J. Fang, J.H. Fang, K. Feng, C.F. Feng, H. Feng, L. Feng, S.H. Feng, X.T. Feng, Y. Feng, Y.L. Gabici, S. Gao, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, W.K. Ge, M.M. Ge, T.T. Geng, L.S. Giacinti, G. Gong, G.H. Gou, Q.B. Gu, M.H. Guo, F.L. Guo, J. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Han, Y.A. Hannuksela, O.A. Hasan, M. He, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.Y. He, Y. Hor, Y.K. Hou, B.W. Hou, C. Hou, X. Hu, H.B. Hu, Q. Hu, S.C. Huang, C. Huang, D.H. Huang, T.Q. Huang, W.J. Huang, X.T. Huang, X.Y. Huang, Y. Huang, Y.Y. Ji, X.L. Jia, H.Y. Jia, K. Jiang, H.B. Jiang, K. Jiang, X.W. Jiang, Z.J. Jin, M. Kang, M.M. Karpikov, I. Khangulyan, D. Kuleshov, D. Kurinov, K. Li, B.B. Li, C.M. Li, Cheng Li, Cong Li, D. Li, F. Li, H.B. Li, H.C. Li, Jian Li, Jie Li, K. Li, S.D. Li, W.L. Li, W.L. Li, X.R. Li, Xin Li, Y.Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Liang, E.W. Liang, Y.F. Lin, S.J. Liu, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, D.B. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, M.Y. Liu, R.Y. Liu, S.M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.N. Luo, Q. Luo, Y. Lv, H.K. Ma, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Mao, J.R. Min, Z. Mitthumsiri, W. Mu, H.J. Nan, Y.C. Neronov, A. Ng, K.C.Y. Ou, L.J. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.Y. Qi, J.C. Qi, M.Y. Qiao, B.Q. Qin, J.J. Raza, A. Ruffolo, D. Sáiz, A. Saeed, M. Semikoz, D. Shao, L. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Experimental Physics Division Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Sichuan Chengdu China Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place 2 Dublin Ireland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O. Box 103980 Heidelberg69029 Germany School of Physical Science and Technology School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Sichuan Chengdu610031 China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow117312 Russia Hebei Normal University Hebei Shijiazhuang050024 China University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang Laboratory Zhejiang Hangzhou311121 China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200030 China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Yunnan Kunming650091 China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays Tibet University Ministry of Education Tibet Lhasa850000 China Department of Physics The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Shatin Hong Kong Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Y

The nearby radio galaxy M87 is a very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray emitter established by observations with ground-based gamma-ray detectors. Here we report the long-term monitoring of M87 from 2021 to 2024 with Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). M87 has been detected by LHAASO with a statistical significance ∼ 9σ. The observed energy spectrum extends to 20 TeV, with a possible hardening at ∼ 20 TeV and then a clear softening at higher energies. Assuming that the intrinsic spectrum is described by a single power law up to 20 TeV, a tight upper bound on the extragalactic background light (EBL) intensity is obtained. A strong VHE flare lasting eight days, with the rise time of τrrise = 1.05 ± 0.49 days and decay time of τddecay = 2.17 ± 0.58 days, was found in early 2022. A possible GeV flare is seen also in the Fermi-LAT data during the VHE flare period. The variability time as short as one day seen in the LHAASO data suggests a compact emission region with a size of ∼ 3 × 1015δ cm (δ being the Doppler factor of the emitting region), corresponding to a few Schwarzschild radii of the central supermassive black hole in M87. The continuous monitoring of the source reveals a duty cycle of ∼ 1% for VHE flares with a flux above 10−11 erg cm−2 s−1 Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Active Galactic Nuclei

Topological structures on saturated sets, optimal orbits and equilibrium states

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Hou, Xiaobo Tian, Xueting Zhang, Yiwei School of Mathematical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai200433 China School of Mathematics and Statistics Center for Mathematical Sciences Hubei Key Laboratory of Engineering Modeling and Scientific Computing Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology Wuhan430074 China

Pfister and Sullivan proved that if a topological dynamical system (X, T) satisfies almost product property and uniform separation property, then for each nonempty compact subset K of invariant measures, the entropy of saturated set GK satisfies (0.1) hBtop(T, GK) = inf{h(T, µ): µ ∈ K}, where hBtop(T, GK) is Bowen's topological entropy of T on GK, and h(T, µ) is the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy of µ. In this paper, we investigate topological complexity of GK by replacing Bowen's topological entropy with upper capacity entropy and packing entropy in (0.1) and obtain the following formulas: hUCtop (T, GK) = htop(T, X) and hPtop(T, GK) = sup{h(T, µ): µ ∈ K}, where hUCtop (T, GK) is the upper capacity entropy of T on GK and hPtop(T, GK) is the packing entropy of T on GK. In the proof of these two formulas, uniform separation property is unnecessary. As applications, when (X, T) is a transitive Anosov diffeomorphism on a compact manifold, we show that (1) for any continuous function f, hUCtop (T, Sfop) = htop(T, X) where Sfop is the set of initial values of f-optimal orbits;(2) there exists a Baire generic subset F in the space of continuous functions and an open and dense subset G in the space of Hölder continuous or C1 smooth functions such that for any f ∈ F or f ∈ G, hBtop(T, Sfop) = hPtop(T, Sfop) = 0;(3) for any f ∈ G, hUCtop (T, SfMR) = 0 where SfMR is the set of initial values of measure-recurrent optimal orbits;(4) there exists a dense subset in the space of continuous functions such that for any f in the subset, hBtop(T, Sfop) = hPtop(T, Sfop) > 0. For equilibrium states, we prove that (1) for any continuous function f and equilibrium state µ of f, hUCtop (T, Gµ) = htop(T, X);(2) if f is Hölder continuous and is not cohomologous to a constant, then hBtop(T, Gµ) = hPtop(T, Gµ) fopMSC Codes 37C50, 37B20, 37B05, 37D45, 37C45 © 2020, CC BY.

关键词： Entropy

Stringent Tests of Lorentz Invariance Violation from LHAASO Observations of GRB 221009A

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Cao, Zhen Aharonian, F. Axikegu Bai, Y.X. Bao, Y.W. Bastieri, D. Bi, X.J. Bi, Y.J. Bian, W. Bukevich, A.V. Cao, Q. Cao, W.Y. Cao, Zhe Chang, J. Chang, J.F. Chen, A.M. Chen, E.S. Chen, H.X. Chen, Liang Chen, Lin Chen, Long Chen, M.J. Chen, M.L. Chen, Q.H. Chen, S. Chen, S.H. Chen, S.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, Y. Cheng, N. Cheng, Y.D. Cui, M.Y. Cui, S.W. Cui, X.H. Cui, Y.D. Dai, B.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Danzengluobu Dong, X.Q. Duan, K.K. Fan, J.H. Fan, Y.Z. Fang, J. Fang, J.H. Fang, K. Feng, C.F. Feng, H. Feng, L. Feng, S.H. Feng, X.T. Feng, Y. Feng, Y.L. Gabici, S. Gao, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, W.K. Ge, M.M. Geng, L.S. Giacinti, G. Gong, G.H. Gou, Q.B. Gu, M.H. Guo, F.L. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Han, Y.A. Hasan, M. He, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.Y. He, Y. Hor, Y.K. Hou, B.W. Hou, C. Hou, X. Hu, H.B. Hu, Q. Hu, S.C. Huang, D.H. Huang, T.Q. Huang, W.J. Huang, X.T. Huang, X.Y. Huang, Y. Ji, X.L. Jia, H.Y. Jia, K. Jiang, K. Jiang, X.W. Jiang, Z.J. Jin, M. Kang, M.M. Karpikov, I. Kuleshov, D. Kurinov, K. Li, B.B. Li, C.M. Li, Cheng Li, Cong Li, D. Li, F. Li, H.B. Li, H.C. Li, Jian Li, Jie Li, K. Li, S.D. Li, W.L. Li, W.L. Li, X.R. Li, Xin Li, Y.Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Liang, E.W. Liang, Y.F. Lin, S.J. Liu, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, D.B. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, M.Y. Liu, R.Y. Liu, S.M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.N. Luo, Q. Luo, Y. Lv, H.K. Ma, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Mao, J.R. Min, Z. Mitthumsiri, W. Mu, H.J. Nan, Y.C. Neronov, A. Ou, L.J. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.Y. Qi, J.C. Qi, M.Y. Qiao, B.Q. Qin, J.J. Raza, A. Ruffolo, D. Sáiz, A. Saeed, M. Semikoz, D. Shao, L. Shchegolev, O. Sheng, X.D. Shu, F.W. Song, H.C. Stenkin, Yu.V. Stepanov, V. Su, Y. Sun, D.X. Sun, Q.N. Sun, X.N. Sun, Z.B. Takata, J. Tam, P.H.T. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center Sichuan Chengdu610000 China Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place 2 Dublin Ireland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O. Box 103980 Heidelberg69029 Germany School of Physical Science and Technology School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Sichuan Chengdu610031 China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Institute for Nuclear Research Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow117312 Russia Hebei Normal University Hebei Shijiazhuang050024 China University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang Laboratory Zhejiang Hangzhou311121 China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200030 China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Yunnan Kunming650091 China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays Tibet University Ministry of Education Tibet Lhasa850000 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai519000 China Guangdong Guangzhou510275 China Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University Shandong Qingdao2

On October 9, 2022, the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) reported the observation of the very early TeV afterglow of the brightest-of-all-time GRB 221009A, recording the highest photon statistics in the TeV band ever obtained from a Gamma-ray burst. We use this unique observation to place stringent constraints on an energy dependence of the speed of light in vacuum, a manifestation of Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) predicted by some quantum gravity (QG) theories. Our results show that the 95% confidence level lower limits on the QG energy scales are EQG,1 > 10 times of the Planck energy EPl for the linear, and EQG,2 > 6 × 10−8EPl for the quadratic LIV effects, respectively. Our limits on the quadratic LIV case improve previous best bounds by factors of 5–7. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Light velocity

The First GECAM Observation Results on Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes and Terrestrial Electron Beams

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhao, Y. Liu, J.C. Xiong, S.L. Xue, W.C. Yi, Q.B. Lu, G.P. Xu, W. Lyu, F.C. Sun, J.C. Peng, W.X. Zheng, C. Zhang, Y.Q. Cai, C. Xiao, S. Xie, S.L. Wang, C.W. Tan, W.J. An, Z.H. Chen, G. Du, Y.Q. Huang, Y. Gao, M. Gong, K. Guo, D.Y. He, J.J. Li, B. Li, G. Li, X.Q. Li, X.B. Liao, J.Y. Liang, J. Liang, X.H. Liu, Y.Q. Ma, X. Qiao, R. Song, L.M. Song, X.Y. Sun, X.L. Wang, J. Wang, J.Z. Wang, P. Wen, X.Y. Wu, H. Xu, Y.B. Yang, S. Zhang, B.X. Zhang, D.L. Zhang, F. Zhang, P. Zhang, H.M. Zhang, Z. Zhao, X.Y. Zheng, S.J. Zhang, K.K. Han, X.B. Wu, H.Y. Hu, T. Geng, H. Zhang, H.B. Lu, F.J. Zhang, S.N. Yu, H. Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal University Beijing Beijing100875 China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Beijing100049 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Beijing100049 China School of Physics and Optoelectronics Xiangtan University Hunan Xiangtan411105 China School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China Electronic Information School Wuhan University Hubei Wuhan430072 China Key Laboratory of Transportation Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric Sciences Jiangsu Nanjing210000 China College of Physics Hebei Key Laboratory of Photophysics Research and Application Hebei Normal University Hebei Shijiazhuang050024 China Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Data Processing Guizhou Normal University GuiZhou Guiyang550001 China School of Physics and Electronic Science Guizhou Normal University GuiZhou Guiyang550001 China Institute of Astrophysics Central China Normal University HuBei Wuhan430079 China School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence Southwest Jiaotong University SiChuan Chengdu611756 China College of Electronic and Information Engineering Tongji University Shanghai Shanghai201804 China Innovation Academy for Microsatellites Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Shanghai201304 China National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Beijing100190 China Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Beijing100029 China

Gravitational-wave high-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor (GECAM) is a space-borne instrument dedicated to monitoring high-energy transients, including Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) and Terrestrial Electron Beams (TEBs). We implemented a TGF/TEB search algorithm for GECAM, with which 147 bright TGFs, 2 typical TEBs and 2 special TEB-like events are identified during an effective observation time of ∼9 months. We show that, with gamma-ray and charged particle detectors, GECAM can effectively identify and distinguish TGFs and TEBs, and measure their temporal and spectral properties in detail. A very high TGF-lightning association rate of ∼80% is obtained between GECAM and GLD360 in east Asia region. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electron beams