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Study of longitudinal development of cosmic-ray induced air showers with LHAASO-WFCTA 37

Study of longitudinal development of cosmic-ray induced air ...

37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2021

作者： Liu, Hu Cao, Zhen Aharonian, F. An, Q. Axikegu Bai, L.X. Bai, Y.X. Zhu, H. Zhu, K.J. Bao, Y.W. Bastieri, D. Bi, X.J. Bi, Y.J. Cai, H. Cai, J.T. Cao, Zhe Chang, J. Chang, J.F. Chen, B.M. Chen, E.S. Chen, J. Chen, Liang Zhu, F.R. Chen, Long Chen, M.J. Chen, M.L. Chen, Q.H. Chen, S.H. Chen, S.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, X.L. Chen, Y. Cheng, N. Cheng, Y.D. Cui, S.W. Cui, X.H. Cui, Y.D. D’Ettorre Piazzoli, B. Dai, B.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Danzengluobu della Volpe, D. Dong, X.J. Duan, K.K. Fan, J.H. Fan, Y.Z. Fan, Z.X. Fang, J. Fang, K. Feng, C.F. Feng, L. Feng, S.H. Feng, Y.L. Gao, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, L.Q. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Ge, M.M. Geng, L.S. Gong, G.H. Gou, Q.B. Gu, M.H. Guo, F.L. Guo, J.G. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Han, Y.A. He, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.C. He, S.L. He, X.B. He, Y. Heller, M. Hor, Y.K. Hou, C. Hu, H.B. Hu, S. Hu, S.C. Hu, X.J. Huang, D.H. Huang, Q.L. Huang, W.H. Huang, X.T. Huang, X.Y. Huang, Z.C. Ji, F. Ji, X.L. Jia, H.Y. Jiang, K. Jiang, Z.J. Jin, C. Ke, T. Kuleshov, D. Levochkin, K. Li, B.B. Li, Cheng Li, Cong Li, F. Li, H.B. Li, H.C. Li, H.Y. Li, J. Li, K. Li, W.L. Li, X.R. Li, Xin Zuo, X. Li, Y. Li, Y.Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Liang, E.W. Liang, Y.F. Lin, S.J. Liu, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Lia, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, J.S. Liu, J.Y. Liu, M.Y. Liu, R.Y. Liu, S.M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.N. Liu, Z.X. Long, W.J. Lu, R. Lv, H.K. Ma, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Mao, J.R. Masood, A. Min, Z. Mitthumsiri, W. Montaruli, T. Nan, Y.C. Pang, B.Y. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.Y. Qi, M.Y. Qi, Y.Q. Qiao, B.Q. Qin, J.J. Ruffolo, D. Rulev, V. Sáiz, A. Shao, L. Shchegolev, O. Sheng, X.D. Shi, J.Y. Song, H.C. Stenkin, Yu.V. Stepanov, V. Su, Y. Sun, Q.N. Sun, X.N. Sun, Z.B. Tam, P.H.T. Tang, Z.B. Tian, W.W. Wang, B.D. Wang, C. Southwest Jiaotong University Xipu Campus Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu611756 China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Sichuan Chengdu China Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place 2 Dublin Ireland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O. Box 103980 Heidelberg69029 Germany State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China School of Physical Science and Technology School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Sichuan Chengdu610031 China College of Physics Sichuan University Sichuan Chengdu610065 China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China School of Physics and Technology Wuhan University Hubei Wuhan430072 China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Hebei Normal University Hebei Shijiazhuang050024 China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200030 China Ministry of Education Tibet Lhasa850000 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Zhuhai519000 China Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università di Napoli `‘Federico II" Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo via Cinthia Napoli80126 Italy School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Yunnan Kunming650091 China D¡¯epartement de Physique Nucl¡¯eaire et Corpusculaire Facult¡¯e de Sciences Universit¡¯e de Gen‘eve 24 Qu

The Wide Field-of-view Cerenkov Telescope Array (WFCTA) is an important component of Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), which aims to measure the individual energy spectra of cosmic rays from ~30 TeV... 详细信息

The Wide Field-of-view Cerenkov Telescope Array (WFCTA) is an important component of Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), which aims to measure the individual energy spectra of cosmic rays from ~30 TeV to a couple of EeV. The longitudinal development is one of the main tools to distinguish nuclei from each other. WFCTA is composed of 18 imaging air Cerenkov telescopes, each telescope has 32 × 32 pixels, covers a field of view 16o × 16o (each pixel corresponding to 0.5o × 0.5o). The first telescope started in operation since February 2019, up to now, there are 18 telescopes in operation. Cerenkov photon detected by different pixels were generated at different height (or different traversed material). The distribution of dN/dθ (θ is the angle between the direction of Cerenkov photon and the direction of primary particle) is reconstructed from the image of WFCTA to study the longitudinal development of the shower (similar to dN/dX). In this paper, the dN/dθ reconstructing method and the preliminary result on the particle identification power based on this method will be shown. © Copyright owned by the author(s).

关键词： Pixels

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Study of Energy Measurement of Cosmic Ray Nuclei with LHAASO 37

Study of Energy Measurement of Cosmic Ray Nuclei with LHAASO

37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2021

作者： Bai, Lu Liu, Hu Cao, Zhen Aharonian, F. An, Q. Axikegu Bai, L.X. Bai, Y.X. Bai, L.X. Bai, Y.X. Bao, Y.W. Bastieri, D. Bi, X.J. Bi, Y.J. Cai, H. Cai, J.T. Cao, Zhe Chang, J. Chang, J.F. Chen, B.M. Chen, E.S. Chen, J. Chen, Liang Chen, Liang Chen, Long Chen, M.J. Chen, M.L. Chen, Q.H. Chen, S.H. Chen, S.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, X.L. Chen, Y. Cheng, N. Cheng, Y.D. Cui, S.W. Cui, X.H. Cui, Y.D. D’Ettorre Piazzoli, B. Dai, B.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Danzengluobu della Volpe, D. Dong, X.J. Duan, K.K. Fan, J.H. Fan, Y.Z. Fan, Z.X. Fang, J. Fang, K. Feng, C.F. Feng, L. Feng, S.H. Feng, Y.L. Gao, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, L.Q. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Ge, M.M. Geng, L.S. Gong, G.H. Gou, Q.B. Gu, M.H. Guo, F.L. Guo, J.G. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Han, Y.A. He, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.C. He, S.L. He, X.B. He, Y. Heller, M. Hor, Y.K. Hou, C. Hu, H.B. Hu, S. Hu, S.C. Hu, X.J. Huang, D.H. Huang, Q.L. Huang, W.H. Huang, X.T. Huang, X.Y. Huang, Z.C. Ji, F. Ji, X.L. Jia, H.Y. Jiang, K. Jiang, Z.J. Jin, C. Ke, T. Kuleshov, D. Levochkin, K. Li, B.B. Li, Cheng Li, Cong Li, F. Li, H.B. Li, H.C. Li, H.Y. Li, J. Li, K. Li, W.L. Li, X.R. Li, Xin Li, Xin Li, Y. Li, Y.Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Liang, E.W. Liang, Y.F. Lin, S.J. Liu, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, J.S. Liu, J.Y. Liu, M.Y. Liu, R.Y. Liu, S.M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.N. Liu, Z.X. Long, W.J. Lu, R. Lv, H.K. Ma, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Mao, J.R. Masood, A. Min, Z. Mitthumsiri, W. Montaruli, T. Nan, Y.C. Pang, B.Y. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.Y. Qi, M.Y. Qi, Y.Q. Qiao, B.Q. Qin, J.J. Ruffolo, D. Rulev, V. Sáiz, A. Shao, L. Shchegolev, O. Sheng, X.D. Shi, J.Y. Song, H.C. Stenkin, Yu.V. Stepanov, V. Su, Y. Sun, Q.N. Sun, X.N. Sun, Z.B. Tam, P.H.T. Tang, Z.B. Tian, W.W. Wang, B.D. Southwest Jiaotong University Xipu Campus Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu611756 China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Sichuan Chengdu China Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place Dublin Ireland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O. Box 103980 Heidelberg69029 Germany State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China School of Physical Science and Technology School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Sichuan Chengdu610031 China College of Physics Sichuan University Sichuan Chengdu610065 China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China School of Physics and Technology Wuhan University Hubei Wuhan430072 China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Hebei Normal University Hebei Shijiazhuang050024 China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200030 China Ministry of Education Tibet Lhasa850000 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Zhuhai519000 China Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università di Napoli `‘Federico II" Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo via Cinthia Napoli80126 Italy School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Yunnan Kunming650091 China D¡¯epartement de Physique Nucl¡¯eaire et Corpusculaire Facult¡¯e de Sciences Universit¡¯e de Gen‘eve 24 Quai

The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) is a hybrid extensive air shower (EAS) array with an area of about 1 km2 at an altitude of 4410 m a.s.l. in Sichuan province, China. It contains three sub-detect... 详细信息

The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) is a hybrid extensive air shower (EAS) array with an area of about 1 km2 at an altitude of 4410 m a.s.l. in Sichuan province, China. It contains three sub-detectors: 1 km2 array (KM2A) composed of 5195 electromagnetic particle detector (ED) and muon detector (MD);water Cerenkov detector array (WCDA) and 18 Wide Field-of-view Cerenkov Telescope Array (WFCTA). One of the main scientific goals is measuring the individual energy spectra of cosmic rays from ~30 TeV to a couple of EeV. The construction of the whole observatory will be completed by the end of 2021. In this paper, a new energy reconstruction method and result based on KM2A simulated nuclei events will be shown. © Copyright owned by the author(s).

关键词： Observatories

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Measurement of muon contents in cosmic ray shower with LHAASO-KM2A around knee region 37

Measurement of muon contents in cosmic ray shower with LHAAS...

37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2021

作者： Zhang, Hengying Feng, Cunfeng Feng, Xiaoting Wang, Liping He, Huihai Ma, Lingling Chen, Songzhan Li, Cong Cao, Zhen Aharonian, F. An, Q. Axikegu Bai, L.X. Bai, Y.X. Bao, Y.W. Bastieri, D. Bi, X.J. Bi, Y.J. Cai, H. Cai, J.T. Cao, Zhe Chang, J. Chang, J.F. Chen, B.M. Chen, E.S. Chen, J. Chen, Liang Chen, Long Chen, M.J. Chen, M.L. Chen, Q.H. Chen, S.H. Chen, S.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, X.L. Chen, Y. Cheng, N. Cheng, Y.D. Cui, S.W. Cui, X.H. Cui, Y.D. D’Ettorre Piazzoli, B. Dai, B.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Danzengluobu della Volpe, D. Dong, X.J. Duan, K.K. Fan, J.H. Fan, Y.Z. Fan, Z.X. Fang, J. Feng, C.F. Feng, L. Fang, K. Feng, S.H. Feng, Y.L. Gao, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, L.Q. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Ge, M.M. Geng, L.S. Gong, G.H. Gou, Q.B. Gu, M.H. Guo, F.L. Guo, J.G. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Han, Y.A. He, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.C. He, S.L. He, X.B. He, Y. Heller, M. Hor, Y.K. Hou, C. Hu, H.B. Hu, S. Hu, S.C. Hu, X.J. Huang, D.H. Huang, Q.L. Huang, W.H. Huang, X.T. Huang, X.Y. Huang, Z.C. Ji, F. Ji, X.L. Jia, H.Y. Jiang, K. Jiang, Z.J. Jin, C. Ke, T. Kuleshov, D. Levochkin, K. Li, B.B. Li, Cheng Li, F. Li, H.B. Li, H.C. Li, H.Y. Li, J. Li, K. Li, W.L. Li, X.R. Li, Xin Li, Y. Li, Y.Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Liang, E.W. Liang, Y.F. Lin, S.J. Liu, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, J.S. Liu, J.Y. Liu, M.Y. Liu, R.Y. Liu, S.M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.N. Liu, Z.X. Long, W.J. Lu, R. Lv, H.K. Ma, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Mao, J.R. Masood, A. Min, Z. Mitthumsiri, W. Montaruli, T. Nan, Y.C. Pang, B.Y. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.Y. Qi, M.Y. Qi, Y.Q. Qiao, B.Q. Qin, J.J. Ruffolo, D. Rulev, V. Sáiz, A. Shao, L. Shchegolev, O. Sheng, X.D. Shi, J.Y. Song, H.C. Stenkin, Yu.V. Stepanov, V. Su, Y. Sun, Q.N. Sun, X.N. Sun, Z.B. Tam, P.H.T. Tang, Z.B. Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University Shandong Qingdao266237 China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics Experimental Physics Division Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Sichuan Chengdu China Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place 2 Dublin Ireland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O. Box 103980 Heidelberg69029 Germany State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China School of Physical Science and Technology School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Sichuan Chengdu610031 China College of Physics Sichuan University Sichuan Chengdu610065 China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China School of Physics and Technology Wuhan University Hubei Wuhan430072 China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Hebei Normal University Hebei Shijiazhuang050024 China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200030 China Ministry of Education Tibet Lhasa850000 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Sun Yat-Sen University Guangdong Zhuhai519000 China Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Napoli `‘Federico II" Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo via Cinthia Napoli80126 Italy School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Yunnan Kunming650091 China Dèpartement de Physique Nuclèaire et Corpusculaire Facultè de Sciences Universitde ` Gen‘eve 24 Quai Er

The number of muons observed at the ground from air showers is sensitive to the mass composition of cosmic ray and hadronic interaction model. Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory is a hybrid extensive air showe... 详细信息

The number of muons observed at the ground from air showers is sensitive to the mass composition of cosmic ray and hadronic interaction model. Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory is a hybrid extensive air shower array and the KM2A is a sub-array covering an area of 1 km2, consisting of electromagnetic detectors and muon detectors, can measure the muon content and shower size of the air shower simultaneously with high precision for cosmic rays in the knee region. The muon detector of KM2A is the most powerful muon detector in the current cosmic ray observatory on the ground. We made a detailed comparison of experimental and simulated data. The simulation does for EPOS model. © Copyright owned by the author(s).

关键词： Cosmic rays

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Observations of extended very-high-energy halos around Geminga and Monogem with the LHAASO-KM2A 37

Observations of extended very-high-energy halos around Gemin...

37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2021

作者： Guo, Yingying Zhang, Yi Yuan, Qiang Hu, Hongbo Cao, Zhen Aharonian, F. An, Q. Axikegu Bai, L.X. Bai, Y.X. Bao, Y.W. Bastieri, D. Bi, X.J. Bi, Y.J. Cai, H. Cai, J.T. Cao, Zhe Chang, J. Chang, J.F. Chen, B.M. Chen, E.S. Chen, J. Chen, Liang Chen, Long Chen, M.J. Chen, M.L. Chen, Q.H. Chen, S.H. Chen, S.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, X.L. Chen, Y. Cheng, N. Cheng, Y.D. Cui, S.W. Cui, X.H. Cui, Y.D. D’Ettorre Piazzoli, B. Dai, B.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Danzengluobu della Volpe, D. Dong, X.J. Duan, K.K. Fan, J.H. Fan, Y.Z. Fan, Z.X. Fang, J. Fang, K. Feng, C.F. Feng, L. Feng, S.H. Feng, Y.L. Gao, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, L.Q. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Ge, M.M. Geng, L.S. Gong, G.H. Gou, Q.B. Gu, M.H. Guo, F.L. Guo, J.G. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Han, Y.A. He, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.C. He, S.L. He, X.B. He, Y. Heller, M. Hor, Y.K. Hou, C. Hu, H.B. Hu, S. Hu, S.C. Hu, X.J. Huang, D.H. Huang, Q.L. Huang, W.H. Huang, X.T. Huang, X.Y. Huang, Z.C. Ji, F. Ji, X.L. Jia, H.Y. Jiang, K. Jiang, Z.J. Jin, C. Ke, T. Kuleshov, D. Levochkin, K. Li, B.B. Li, Cheng Li, Cong Li, F. Li, H.B. Li, H.C. Li, H.Y. Li, J. Li, K. Li, W.L. Li, X.R. Li, Xin Li, Y. Li, Y.Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Liang, E.W. Liang, Y.F. Lin, S.J. Liu, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, J.S. Liu, J.Y. Liu, M.Y. Liu, R.Y. Liu, S.M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.N. Liu, Z.X. Long, W.J. Lu, R. Lv, H.K. Ma, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Mao, J.R. Masood, A. Min, Z. Mitthumsiri, W. Montaruli, T. Nan, Y.C. Pang, B.Y. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.Y. Qi, M.Y. Qi, Y.Q. Qiao, B.Q. Qin, J.J. Ruffolo, D. Rulev, V. Sáiz, A. Shao, L. Shchegolev, O. Sheng, X.D. Shi, J.Y. Song, H.C. Stenkin, Yu.V. Stepanov, V. Su, Y. Sun, Q.N. Sun, X.N. Sun, Z.B. Tam, P.H.T. Tang, Z.B. Tian, W.W. Wang, B.D. Wang, C. Wang, H. Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics Experimental Physics Division Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Sichuan Chengdu China Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place 2 Dublin Ireland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O. Box 103980 Heidelberg69029 Germany State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China School of Physical Science and Technology School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Sichuan Chengdu610031 China College of Physics Sichuan University Sichuan Chengdu610065 China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China School of Physics and Technology Wuhan University Hubei Wuhan430072 China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Hebei Normal University Hebei Shijiazhuang050024 China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200030 China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays Tibet University Ministry of Education Tibet Lhasa850000 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Sun Yat-Sen University Guangdong Zhuhai519000 China Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Napoli `‘Federico II" Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo via Cinthia Napoli80126 Italy School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Yunnan Kunming65009

Gamma-ray halos around pulsars are an effective probe of particle propagation in the interstellar medium. Two halos named Geminga and Monogem are observed by the KM2A, one of the sub arrays of the Large High Altitude ... 详细信息

Gamma-ray halos around pulsars are an effective probe of particle propagation in the interstellar medium. Two halos named Geminga and Monogem are observed by the KM2A, one of the sub arrays of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). The significance of Geminga(Monogem) is 11 σ (7 σ) at the energy range from 25 TeV to 63 TeV. In the future, more statistics will allow us to investigate the energy-dependent morphologies. © Copyright owned by the author(s).

关键词： Gamma rays

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A 3D Likelihood Analysis Tool for LHAASO-KM2A data

A 3D Likelihood Analysis Tool for LHAASO-KM2A data

37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2021

作者： Cao, Zhen Aharonian, F. An, Q. Axikegu Bai, L.X. Bai, Y.X. Bao, Y.W. Bastieri, D. Bi, X.J. Bi, Y.J. Cai, H. Cai, J.T. Cao, Zhe Chang, J. Chang, J.F. Chen, B.M. Chen, E.S. Chen, J. Chen, Liang Chen, Long Chen, M.J. Chen, M.L. Chen, Q.H. Chen, S.H. Chen, S.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, X.L. Chen, Y. Cheng, N. Cheng, Y.D. Cui, S.W. Cui, X.H. Cui, Y.D. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, B. Dai, B.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Danzengluobu della Volpe, D. Dong, X.J. Duan, Kaikai Fan, J.H. Fan, Y.Z. Fan, Z.X. Fang, J. Fang, K. Feng, C.F. Feng, L. Feng, S.H. Feng, Y.L. Gao, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, L.Q. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Ge, M.M. Geng, L.S. Gong, G.H. Gou, Q.B. Gu, M.H. Guo, F.L. Guo, J.G. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Han, Y.A. He, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.C. He, S.L. He, X.B. He, Y. Heller, M. Hor, Y.K. Hou, C. Hou, X. Hu, H.B. Hu, S. Hu, S.C. Hu, X.J. Huang, D.H. Huang, Q.L. Huang, W.H. Huang, X.T. Huang, Xiaoyuan Huang, Z.C. Ji, F. Ji, X.L. Jia, H.Y. Jiang, K. Jiang, Z.J. Jin, C. Ke, T. Kuleshov, D. Levochkin, K. Li, B.B. Li, Cheng Li, Cong Li, F. Li, H.B. Li, H.C. Li, H.Y. Li, Jian Li, Jie Li, K. Li, W.L. Li, X.R. Li, Xin Li, Y. Li, Y.Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Liang, E.W. Liang, Y.F. Lin, S.J. Liu, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, J.S. Liu, J.Y. Liu, M.Y. Liu, R.Y. Liu, S.M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.N. Liu, Z.X. Long, W.J. Lu, R. Lv, H.K. Ma, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Mao, J.R. Masood, A. Min, Z. Mitthumsiri, W. Montaruli, T. Nan, Y.C. Pang, B.Y. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.Y. Qi, M.Y. Qi, Y.Q. Qiao, B.Q. Qin, J.J. Ruffolo, D. Rulev, V. Sáiz, A. Shao, L. Shchegolev, O. Sheng, X.D. Shi, J.R. Song, H.C. Stenkin, Yu.V. Stepanov, V. Su, Y. Sun, Q.N. Sun, X.N. Sun, Z.B. Tam, P.H.T. Tang, Z.B. Tian, W.W. Wang, B.D. Wang, C. Wang, H. Wang, H.G. Wang, J.C. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics Experimental Physics Division Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Sichuan Chengdu China Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place 2 Dublin Ireland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O. Box 103980 Heidelberg69029 Germany State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China School of Physical Science and Technology School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Sichuan Chengdu610031 China College of Physics Sichuan University Sichuan Chengdu610065 China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China School of Physics and Technology Wuhan University Hubei Wuhan430072 China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Hebei Normal University Hebei Shijiazhuang050024 China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200030 China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays Tibet University Ministry of Education Tibet Lhasa850000 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Sun Yat-Sen University Guangdong Zhuhai519000 China Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Napoli "Federico II" Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo via Cinthia Napoli80126 Italy School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Yunnan Kunming650091 China D'epartement de Physique Nucl'eaire et Corpusculaire Facult'e de Sciences Universit'e de Genève 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet Geneva1211 Switzerland Institute of Front

The square kilometer array (KM2A) is the main array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), which is the most sensitive gamma-ray detector for energies above a few tens of TeV. We are developing a ... 详细信息

The square kilometer array (KM2A) is the main array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), which is the most sensitive gamma-ray detector for energies above a few tens of TeV. We are developing a software pipeline based on the experimental data, Monte-Carlo simulations and the pointing track of the arrays. The pipeline is able to perform 3D (sky images at different energies) fits of KM2A data, similar to those used for Fermi-LAT and DAMPE gamma-ray analysis. This 3D likelihood analysis could fit source models of arbitrary morphology to the sky images, and get energy spectra information and detection significances simultaneously. The analysis with this software could give consistent results with those using traditional method. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

关键词： Pipelines

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Current Status of Electromagnetic Particle Detectors for LHAASO-KM2A

Current Status of Electromagnetic Particle Detectors for LHA...

37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2021

作者： Liu, Jia Zhang, Xiaopeng Sheng, Xiangdong Cao, Zhen Aharonian, F. An, Q. Axikegu Bai, L.X. Bai, Y.X. Bai, L.X. Bai, Y.X. Bao, Y.W. Bastieri, D. Bi, X.J. Bi, Y.J. Cai, H. Cai, J.T. Cao, Zhe Chang, J. Chang, J.F. Chen, B.M. Chen, E.S. Chen, J. Chen, Liang Chen, Liang Chen, Long Chen, M.J. Chen, M.L. Chen, Q.H. Chen, S.H. Chen, S.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, X.L. Chen, Y. Cheng, N. Cheng, Y.D. Cui, S.W. Cui, X.H. Cui, Y.D. D’Ettorre Piazzoli, B. Dai, B.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Danzengluobu della Volpe, D. Dong, X.J. Duan, K.K. Fan, J.H. Fan, Y.Z. Fan, Z.X. Fang, J. Fang, K. Feng, C.F. Feng, L. Feng, S.H. Feng, Y.L. Gao, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, L.Q. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Ge, M.M. Geng, L.S. Gong, G.H. Gou, Q.B. Gu, M.H. Guo, F.L. Guo, J.G. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Han, Y.A. He, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.C. He, S.L. He, X.B. He, Y. Heller, M. Hor, Y.K. Hou, C. Hu, H.B. Hu, S. Hu, S.C. Hu, X.J. Huang, D.H. Huang, Q.L. Huang, W.H. Huang, X.T. Huang, X.Y. Huang, Z.C. Ji, F. Ji, X.L. Jia, H.Y. Jiang, K. Jiang, Z.J. Jin, C. Ke, T. Kuleshov, D. Levochkin, K. Li, B.B. Li, Cheng Li, Cong Li, F. Li, H.B. Li, H.C. Li, H.Y. Li, J. Li, K. Li, W.L. Li, X.R. Li, Xin Li, Xin Li, Y. Li, Y.Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Liang, E.W. Liang, Y.F. Lin, S.J. Liu, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, J.S. Liu, J.Y. Liu, M.Y. Liu, R.Y. Liu, S.M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.N. Liu, Z.X. Long, W.J. Lu, R. Lv, H.K. Ma, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Mao, J.R. Masood, A. Min, Z. Mitthumsiri, W. Montaruli, T. Nan, Y.C. Pang, B.Y. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.Y. Qi, M.Y. Qi, Y.Q. Qiao, B.Q. Qin, J.J. Ruffolo, D. Rulev, V. Sáiz, A. Shao, L. Shchegolev, O. Sheng, X.D. Shi, J.Y. Song, H.C. Stenkin, Yu.V. Stepanov, V. Su, Y. Sun, Q.N. Sun, X.N. Sun, Z.B. Tam, P.H.T. Tang, Z.B. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Sichuan Chengdu China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place Dublin Ireland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O. Box 103980 Heidelberg69029 Germany State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China School of Physical Science and Technology School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Sichuan Chengdu610031 China College of Physics Sichuan University Sichuan Chengdu610065 China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China School of Physics and Technology Wuhan University Hubei Wuhan430072 China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Hebei Normal University Hebei Shijiazhuang050024 China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200030 China Ministry of Education Tibet Lhasa850000 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Zhuhai519000 China Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università di Napoli `‘Federico II" Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo via Cinthia Napoli80126 Italy School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Yunnan Kunming650091 China D’epartement de Physique Nucl’eaire et Corpusculaire Facult’e de Sciences Universi

The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) is a new generation hybrid cosmic ray observatory which is expected to reveal the mystery of the origin of cosmic rays. The one square kilometer array (KM2A) con... 详细信息

The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) is a new generation hybrid cosmic ray observatory which is expected to reveal the mystery of the origin of cosmic rays. The one square kilometer array (KM2A) containing 5195 Electromagnetic particle Detectors (ED) and 1188 Muon Detectors (MD) is a sub-array of the LHAASO. The EDs are designed to measure the density and arriving time of the secondary particles of cosmic rays. KM2A reaches its 3/4 scale by December 2020. 3978 electromagnetic particle detectors (EDs) and 917 muon detectors (MDs) are now in stable operation. In this paper, we will introduce the construction process of ED, the performances and long-term stability of the detectors. © Copyright owned by the author(s).

关键词： Observatories

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Detection of emission from Cygnus Cocoon above 100TeV with LHAASO

Detection of emission from Cygnus Cocoon above 100TeV with L...

37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2021

作者： Li, Cong Chen, Songzhan Wu, Sha Wang, Lingyu Yang, Ruizhi Liu, Ruoyu Cao, Zhen Aharonian, F. An, Q. Axikegu Bai, L.X. Bai, Y.X. Bao, Y.W. Bastieri, D. Bi, X.J. Bi, Y.J. Cai, H. Cai, J.T. Cao, Zhe Chang, J. Chang, J.F. Chen, B.M. Chen, E.S. Chen, J. Chen, Liang Chen, Long Chen, M.J. Chen, M.L. Chen, Q.H. Chen, S.H. Chen, S.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, X.L. Chen, Y. Cheng, N. Cheng, Y.D. Cui, S.W. Cui, X.H. Cui, Y.D. D’Ettorre Piazzoli, B. Dai, B.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Danzengluobu della Volpe, D. Dong, X.J. Duan, K.K. Fan, J.H. Fan, Y.Z. Fan, Z.X. Fang, J. Fang, K. Feng, C.F. Feng, L. Feng, S.H. Feng, Y.L. Gao, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, L.Q. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Ge, M.M. Geng, L.S. Gong, G.H. Gou, Q.B. Gu, M.H. Guo, F.L. Guo, J.G. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Han, Y.A. He, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.C. He, S.L. He, X.B. He, Y. Heller, M. Hor, Y.K. Hou, C. Hu, H.B. Hu, S. Hu, S.C. Hu, X.J. Huang, D.H. Huang, Q.L. Huang, W.H. Huang, X.T. Huang, X.Y. Huang, Z.C. Ji, F. Ji, X.L. Jia, H.Y. Jiang, K. Jiang, Z.J. Jin, C. Ke, T. Kuleshov, D. Levochkin, K. Li, B.B. Li, Cheng Li, F. Li, H.B. Li, H.C. Li, H.Y. Li, J. Li, K. Li, W.L. Li, X.R. Li, Xin Li, Y. Li, Y.Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Liang, E.W. Liang, Y.F. Lin, S.J. Liu, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, J.S. Liu, J.Y. Liu, M.Y. Liu, R.Y. Liu, S.M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.N. Liu, Z.X. Long, W.J. Lu, R. Lv, H.K. Ma, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Mao, J.R. Masood, A. Min, Z. Mitthumsiri, W. Montaruli, T. Nan, Y.C. Pang, B.Y. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.Y. Qi, M.Y. Qi, Y.Q. Qiao, B.Q. Qin, J.J. Ruffolo, D. Rulev, V. Sáiz, A. Shao, L. Shchegolev, O. Sheng, X.D. Shi, J.Y. Song, H.C. Stenkin, Yu.V. Stepanov, V. Su, Y. Sun, Q.N. Sun, X.N. Sun, Z.B. Tam, P.H.T. Tang, Z.B. Tian, W.W. Wang, B.D. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics Experimental Physics Division Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Sichuan Chengdu China University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place 2 Dublin Ireland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O. Box 103980 Heidelberg69029 Germany State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China School of Physical Science and Technology School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Sichuan Chengdu610031 China College of Physics Sichuan University Sichuan Chengdu610065 China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China School of Physics and Technology Wuhan University Hubei Wuhan430072 China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Hebei Normal University Hebei Shijiazhuang050024 China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200030 China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays Tibet University Ministry of Education Tibet Lhasa850000 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Sun Yat-Sen University Guangdong Zhuhai519000 China Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Napoli `‘Federico II" Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo via Cinthia Napoli80126 Italy School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Yunnan Kunming650091 China D’epartement de Physique Nucl’eaire et Corpusculaire Facult’e de Sciences Universit’e de Gen‘eve 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet Geneva1211 Switzerland Institute of Fr

The origin of PeV cosmic rays in the Galaxy is a long-standing puzzle. Superbubble or massive star cluster (MSC) has been suggested as powerful cosmic-ray accelerators. Cygnus Cocoon, an extended gamma-ray source, is ... 详细信息

The origin of PeV cosmic rays in the Galaxy is a long-standing puzzle. Superbubble or massive star cluster (MSC) has been suggested as powerful cosmic-ray accelerators. Cygnus Cocoon, an extended gamma-ray source, is likely associated with the MSC Cygnus OB2. Previous observations have shown that its spectrum extends up to 100 TeV with a break around 10 TeV. The spatial coincidence between the gamma-ray emission and molecular clouds in the region implies the hadronic origin of the gamma-ray emission, supporting Cygnus cocoon as a cosmic-ray proton accelerator. However, lack of a precise measurement of the spectrum beyond 100 TeV as well as relevant morphology prevent people from concluding that it is the source of PeV cosmic rays. We here report the observation of LHAASO-KM2A on this region. The maximum significance above 25 TeV is about 21.8σ. A photo with energy up to 1.4 PeV is detected from this region, which indicates the spectrum can extend up to 1 PeV. Such a result may be considered as the evidence for cosmic ray accelerated beyond PeV in Cygnus Cocoon. © Copyright owned by the author(s).

关键词： Cosmic rays

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Simulation Study on Scaler Mode in LHAASO-KM2A 37

Simulation Study on Scaler Mode in LHAASO-KM2A

37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2021

作者： Huang, Zhicheng Huang, Daihui Zhou, Xunxiu Zhao, Jing He, Huihai Chen, Songzhan Ma, Xinhua Liu, Dong Axi, Kegu Zhao, Bing Cao, Zhen Aharonian, F. An, Q. Axikegu Bai, L.X. Bai, Y.X. Bao, Y.W. Bastieri, D. Bi, X.J. Bi, Y.J. Cai, H. Cai, J.T. Cao, Zhe Chang, J. Chang, J.F. Chen, B.M. Chen, E.S. Chen, J. Chen, Liang Chen, Liang Chen, Long Chen, M.J. Chen, M.L. Chen, Q.H. Chen, S.H. Chen, S.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, X.L. Chen, Y. Cheng, N. Cheng, Y.D. Cui, S.W. Cui, X.H. Cui, Y.D. D’Ettorre Piazzoli, B. Dai, B.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Danzengluobu della Volpe, D. Dong, X.J. Duan, K.K. Fan, J.H. Fan, Y.Z. Fan, Z.X. Fang, J. Fang, K. Feng, C.F. Feng, L. Feng, S.H. Feng, Y.L. Gao, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, L.Q. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Ge, M.M. Geng, L.S. Gong, G.H. Gou, Q.B. Gu, M.H. Guo, F.L. Guo, J.G. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Han, Y.A. He, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.C. He, S.L. He, X.B. He, Y. Heller, M. Hor, Y.K. Hou, C. Hu, H.B. Hu, S. Hu, S.C. Hu, X.J. Huang, D.H. Huang, Q.L. Huang, W.H. Huang, X.T. Huang, X.Y. Huang, Z.C. Ji, F. Ji, X.L. Jia, H.Y. Jiang, K. Jiang, Z.J. Jin, C. Ke, T. Kuleshov, D. Levochkin, K. Li, B.B. Li, Cheng Li, Cong Li, F. Li, H.B. Li, H.C. Li, H.Y. Li, J. Li, K. Li, W.L. Li, X.R. Li, Xin Li, Xin Li, Y. Li, Y.Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Liang, E.W. Liang, Y.F. Lin, S.J. Liu, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, J.S. Liu, J.Y. Liu, M.Y. Liu, R.Y. Liu, S.M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.N. Liu, Z.X. Long, W.J. Lu, R. Lv, H.K. Ma, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Mao, J.R. Masood, A. Min, Z. Mitthumsiri, W. Montaruli, T. Nan, Y.C. Pang, B.Y. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.Y. Qi, M.Y. Qi, Y.Q. Qiao, B.Q. Qin, J.J. Ruffolo, D. Rulev, V. Saiz, A. Shao, L. Shchegolev, O. Sheng, X.D. Shi, J.Y. Song, H.C. Stenkin, Yu.V. Stepanov, V. Su, Y. Sun, Q.N. School of Physical Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu610031 China Institute of High Energy Physics CAS Beijing100049 China Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University Qingdao266237 China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics Experimental Physics Division Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Sichuan Chengdu China Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place 2 Dublin Ireland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O. Box 103980 Heidelberg69029 Germany State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China School of Physical Science and Technology School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Sichuan Chengdu610031 China College of Physics Sichuan University Sichuan Chengdu610065 China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China School of Physics and Technology Wuhan University Hubei Wuhan430072 China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Hebei Normal University Hebei Shijiazhuang050024 China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200030 China Ministry of Education Tibet Lhasa850000 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Sun Yat-Sen University Guangdong Zhuhai519000 China Dipartimento di Fisica Universit‘a di Napoli "Federico II" Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo via Cinthia Napoli80126 Italy School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan U

LHAASO, located at Daocheng in Sichuan province of China with an altitude up to 4410 m above the sea level, takes the function of hybrid technology to detect cosmic rays. As the major array of LHAASO, KM2A is composed... 详细信息

LHAASO, located at Daocheng in Sichuan province of China with an altitude up to 4410 m above the sea level, takes the function of hybrid technology to detect cosmic rays. As the major array of LHAASO, KM2A is composed of 5195 electromagnetic particle detectors (EDs) and 1188 muon detectors (MDs). In the ground-based experiments, there are two common independent data acquisition systems, corresponding to the scaler and shower operation modes. In order to learn more about the scaler mode in LHAASO-KM2A, we adopt the CORSIKA to study the shower development and employ the G4KM2A (based on Geant4) to simulate the detector responses. For one cluster (composed of 64 EDs) in the array of KM2A-ED, the event rates of showers having a number of fired EDs ≥ 1, 2, 3 and 4 (in a time coincidence of 100 ns) are recorded. The average rates of the four multiplicities are ∼ 88 kHz, ∼ 1.4 kHz, ∼ 210 Hz and ∼ 110 Hz, respectively. For the array of KM2A-MD, there are 16 MDs in one cluster. The average rates with multiplicities ≥ 1 and 2 are ∼ 84 kHz and ∼ 890 Hz, respectively. The corresponding primary energies are also given. According to our simulations, the energy threshold of the scaler mode can be lowered to ∼ 100 GeV. At the same time, the energy threshold of LHAASO-KM2A in shower mode is presented for comparison. The simulation results in this work are beneficial for the online trigger with scaler mode, and also be useful in understanding the experiment results in LHAASO-KM2A. © Copyright owned by the author(s).

关键词： Cosmic rays

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Unveiling disparate urban–rural relations in China through catchment area mapping

science Bulletin 2025年

作者： Chen, Mingxing Chen, Liangkan Meadows, Michael E. Lu, Dadao Liu, Yansui Deng, Yu Liang, Longwu Fan, Chao Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China College of Resource and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China Department of Environmental & Geographical Science University of Cape Town Rondebosch 7701 South Africa College of Engineering Computing and Applied Sciences Clemson University Clemson 29631 SC United States

Sustainable urbanization in the Global South demands a comprehensive understanding of the intricate urban–rural relations in the face of rapid transformation. Traditional dichotomous urban–rural classification fails... 详细信息

Sustainable urbanization in the Global South demands a comprehensive understanding of the intricate urban–rural relations in the face of rapid transformation. Traditional dichotomous urban–rural classification fails to thoroughly capture the convoluted interactions within the increasingly complex urbanizing landscape. Here, we reconstruct the urban–rural relationship in China by employing high-resolution satellite land-cover data in an urban–rural catchment area (URCA) framework to redefine urban–rural boundaries and quantify fine-grained connectivity. We categorize land areas into urban centers, peri-urban regions, rural areas, and hinterlands, revealing their respective population distributions in 2018. Our findings show significant spatial disparities in China's urban–rural relations due to transitioning from a predominantly rural to an urbanizing nation. The study also highlights substantial supply–demand inconsistencies in public infrastructure and fiscal preferences, exacerbating social expenditure gaps among municipal levels within the URCA. Our research contributes to understanding geographic social integration in urban–rural relations, which is important to promoting social justice and mitigating inequalities associated with China's urbanization in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). © 2025 science China Press

关键词： Accessibility Regional disparity Urban-rural relations Welfare inequality

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Cryptanalysis of an elgamal-like cryptosystem based on matrices over group rings 1

12th Chinese Conference on Trusted computing and Information Security, CTCIS 2018

作者： Jia, Jianwei Wang, Houzhen Zhang, Huanguo Wang, Shijia Liu, Jinhui Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. Xi’an710075 China School of Cyber Science and Engineering WuhanHubei430072 China Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Security and Trusted Computing Ministry of Education WuhanHubei430072 China Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science Simon Fraser University Burnaby Canada School of Computer Science Shaanxi Normal University Xi’an710062 China

ElGamal cryptography is one of the most important Public key Cryptography (PKC) since Diffie-Hellman exchanges was proposed, however these PKCs which are based on the hard problems that discrete logarithm problem and ... 详细信息

ISBN: (数字)9789811359132

ISBN: (纸本)9789811359125

ElGamal cryptography is one of the most important Public key Cryptography (PKC) since Diffie-Hellman exchanges was proposed, however these PKCs which are based on the hard problems that discrete logarithm problem and integer factorization problem are weak with advances in quantum computers. So some alternatives should be proposed. Majid Khan et al. proposed two ElGamal-like public-key encryption schemes based on large abelian subgroup of general linear group over a residue ring, however the two schemes were not long before it was proved unsafe by us. Then, Saba Inam and Rashid (2016) proposed an improved cryptosystem which can resist my attack on "NEURAL computing & APPLICATIONS". By analyzing the security of the public key cryptography, we propose an improved method of algebraic key-recovery attack in the polynomial computational complexity despiteing the designers’ claim the cryptosystem is optimal security. Besides, we provide corresponding practical attack example to illustrate the attack method in our cryptanalysis, which breaks instances claiming 80 bits of security less than one minute on a single desktop computer. © 2019, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Computational complexity

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