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Comparisons of Stripe Rust Response, Grain Yield and quality between Fungicide Sprayed and Non-Sprayed Treatments for Newly Developed Wheat Lines Carrying Different Genes for Adult-Plant Resistance to Stripe Rust

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Chen, Hao Zhang, Liangqi Ding, Chuanguang Luo, Yuqi Jia, Guoyun Feng, Junming Wang, Yuqi Si, Binfan Zhou, Jianian Li, Xin Huang, Kebing Yang, Suizhuang Ren, Yong Chen, Xianming Zhang, Pingping Zhou, Xinli Wheat Research Institute School of Life Sciences and Engineering Southwest University of Science and Technology Sichuan Mianyang621010 China Crop Characteristic Resources Creation Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Mianyang Institute of Agricultural Science Sichuan Mianyang621010 China USDA-ARS Wheat Health Genetics Quality Research Unit Department of Plant Pathology Washington State University PullmanWA99164-6430 United States Institute of Food Crops Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Jiangsu Nanjing210014 China Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry Jiangsu Nanjing210014 China

Wheat genes Yr39, Yr48, Yr52, Yr59, and Yr62 conferring different levels of adult-plant resistance (APR) to stripe rust have been introgressed into Chinese wheat cultivars. To determine the effects of five newly developed wheat lines carrying these APR genes on reduction of stripe rust severity, grain yield, and quality, field experiments including non-sprayed and fungicide sprayed plots were conducted in the 2021 and 2022 growth seasons. Compared to the 100% relative area under the disease progress curve (rAUDPC) of a susceptible check cultivar, the resistant lines had relatively low rAUDPC values, ranging from 0.38% in SWUST-445 (Yr62) to 42.04% in SWUST-006 (Yr39 + Yr26) on average of the two years in the non-sprayed plots. The two-time fungicide applications almost completely controlled stripe rust on the susceptible check and the resistant lines in both years. Stripe rust significantly reduced yield by 29.96% in 2021 and by 84.40% in 2022, whereas the yield differences of the resistant lines were not significant in both years, except SWUST-006 and SWUST-445 in 2022. Stripe rust significantly reduced the thousand kernel weight (TKW) of the susceptible check by 30.36% on the average of both years but did not cause significant TKW reduction in the resistant lines. Except few cases, the various measurements for grain quality did not show significant differences for the susceptible check and resistant lines. The results showed that the resistant lines are useful for further development of wheat cultivars with adequate and durable resistance to stripe rust. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fungicides

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PbrSYP71 regulates pollen tube growth by maintaining polar distribution of the endoplasmic reticulum in Pyrus

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Plant Journal 2025年第5期122卷 e70238页

作者： Zhang, Mingliang Tang, Chao Wang, Zhiqi Lan, Chi Yue, Dong Zhang, Ningyi Xie, Zhihua Qian, Ming Sun, Mengjun Liu, Zongqi Xie, Zhu Zhang, Hao Liu, Zhuqin Zhang, Shaoling Wang, Peng Wu, Juyou Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding College of Horticulture Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing210095 China Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Cultivation and Physiology Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Rubber Research Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Haikou571101 China Ningbo Key Laboratory of Characteristic Horticultural Crops in Quality Adjustment and Resistance Breeding Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Science Ningbo Zhejiang315040 China Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory No. 50 Zhongling Street Jiangsu Nanjing210014 China

The polar distribution of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) underlies the rapid polar growth of pollen tubes. However, the mechanism governing ER distribution remains elusive. In this study, we have identified a pollen tube-specific syntaxin protein, PbrSYP71. Our findings reveal that both overexpression and reducing the transcription level of PbrSYP71 inhibit pollen tube growth. Subcellular localization analysis demonstrates that PbrSYP71 anchors to the ER via its transmembrane structure. Overexpression of PbrSYP71 leads to clustered ER distribution in the shank of the pollen tube, while reducing the transcription level of PbrSYP71 abolishes the ER polar distribution. Remarkably, transient overexpression of PbrSYP71ΔABD, lacking the actin-binding domain (ABD) of PbrSYP71, has no impact on ER distribution or pollen tube growth. Further investigation indicates that ABD is positioned on F-actin in the pollen tube and has a direct interaction with F-actin. PbrSYP71 assists the ER in moving toward the apex of the pollen tube, with ABD displaying autonomous mobility. Our study elucidates that PbrSYP71 maintains the polar distribution of the ER by tethering the ER to F-actin, facilitating ER movement towards the pollen tube apex for pear pollen tube elongation. These insights shed light on the mechanisms governing ER distribution in polarized cell growth. © 2025 Society for Experimental Biology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

关键词： Vegetation

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ZeEIL1–ZeERF113–ZeMC2 cascade enhances colored calla lily resistance to soft rot through the ethylene signaling pathway

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2025年

作者： Rongxin Gou Yi Wang Tuo Yang Zhen Zeng Di Wang Yin Jiang Guojun Zhang Defeng Chen Zunzheng Wei College of Horticultural Science & Technology Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization/Hebei Higher Institute Application Technology Research and Development Center of Horticultural Plant Biological Breeding Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology Qinhuangdao Hebei 66004 China Institute of Grassland Flowers and Ecology Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing 100097 China Institute of vegetable Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing 100097 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops Department of Ornamental Horticulture College of Horticulture China Agricultural University Beijing China

Soft rot caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum poses a major threat to the cultivation of colored calla lily ( Zantedeschia elliottiana ). This study identified ZeERF113 through transcriptome analysis and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), revealing its close association with the accumulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) in colored calla lily after soft rot infection. The overexpression of ZeERF113 in Nicotiana tabacum significantly increased resistance to the pathogen, as evidenced by reduced lesion size, lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and elevated levels of various antioxidant enzymes. In colored calla lily, transient overexpression of ZeERF113 enhanced resistance to P. carotovorum , whereas silencing ZeERF113 weakened this resistance. Through yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assays, dual-luciferase reporter assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs), and biolayer interferometry (BLI) assays, we confirmed that ZeERF113 binds to and activates the promoter of ZeMC2 . Transient overexpression of ZeMC2 in colored calla lily significantly enhanced resistance to P. carotovorum , while silencing ZeMC2 compromised this resistance. This study further revealed that ZeEIL1 responds to ethylene (ETH) signaling and subsequently activates the expression of ZeERF113 , as demonstrated by Y1H assays, dual-luciferase reporter assays, EMSAs, and BLI assays. This discovery highlights the critical role of the ETH-regulated ZeEIL1–ZeERF113–ZeMC2 cascade in enhancing resistance to soft rot in colored calla lily, providing new insights into its disease resistance mechanism.

关键词： Colored calla lily Pectobacterium carotovorum ERF transcription factor Metacaspase Ethylene Pathogen resistance

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The genome of giant waterlily provides insights into the origin of angiosperms, leaf gigantism, and stamen function innovation

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Plant Communications 2025年第6期6卷 101342页

作者： Wen, Xiaohui Liang, Yuwei Shan, Hongyan Chang, Xiaojun Song, Xiaoming Shen, Shaoqin Fu, Yanhong Chen, Dan Chen, Fei Li, Yueqing Guan, Qian Gao, Qiang Wang, Qi Li, Yonglin Wang, Zhengjia Kong, Hongzhi Liu, Huan Gao, Xiang Zhou, Xiaofan Thorogood, Chris Zhang, Liangsheng Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Improvement College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou China State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China College of Life Sciences North China University of Science and Technology Hebei Tangshan 063210 China Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University Sanya China Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources College of Tropical Crops Hainan University Haikou China Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology Northeast Normal University Changchun China Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control Integrative Microbiology Research Center South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China National Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources Zhejiang A&F University Zhejiang Hangzhou China Key Laboratory of Genomics Ministry of Agriculture BGI Research Shenzhen China Department of Biology University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3SZ United Kingdom University of Oxford Botanic Garden and Arboretum Oxford OX1 4AZ United Kingdom Yazhouwan National Laboratory Sanya China

As some of the earliest evolving flowering plants, waterlilies offer unique insights into angiosperm evolution. Giant Amazonian waterlilies (genus Victoria) are of particular interest due to their production of the world's largest floating leaves and gigantic flowers that entrap pollinating beetles. Here, we report chromosome-level genome assemblies of Victoria cruziana and three related waterlilies: Euryale ferox, Nymphaea mexicana, and Brasenia schreberi. We found an ancient whole-genome duplication event specific to the Nymphaeales. We reveal major gene duplication and loss events throughout the evolution of angiosperms, with substantial implications for flower development and the biosynthesis of floral volatile organic compounds (FVOCs) in waterlilies. Importantly, we report a unique division of labor in the stamen function of V. cruziana linked to beetle attraction by FVOCs. This is related to the ultra-high expression of VicSABATHa along with Vicchitinase, possibly linked to protection from damage by trapped beetles. Overexpression of VicSABATHa in tobacco leaves reveals a capacity to produce volatile fatty acids, confirming its role in their catalytic synthesis. Overall, these findings provide novel insights into the evolution and adaptations of waterlilies and flowering plants in general. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： early angiosperms floral scent biosynthesis leaf gigantism stamen innovation waterlily genomes

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Long-term manure and mineral fertilisation drive distinct pathways of soil organic nitrogen decomposition: Insights from a 180-year-old study

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Soil Biology and Biochemistry 2025年 207卷

作者： Pan, Wankun Tang, Sheng Zhou, Jingjie Wanek, Wolfgang Gregory, Andrew S. Ge, Tida Marsden, Karina A. Chadwick, David R. Liang, Yongchao Wu, Lianghuan Ma, Qingxu Jones, Davey L. Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou310058 China State Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Control and Safety Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou310058 China School of Environmental and Natural Sciences Bangor University GwyneddLL57 2UW United Kingdom Innovation Center for Saline-alkali Land Comprehensive Utilization China National Rice Research Institute Hangzhou310006 China Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science Center of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science University of Vienna Djerassiplatz 1 ViennaA-1030 Austria Protecting Crops and the Environment Rothamsted Research Harpenden HertfordshireAL5 2JQ United Kingdom State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for the Regulation of Soil Biological Functions and One Health of Zhejiang Province Ningbo University Ningbo315211 China

Soil organic nitrogen (SON) decomposition is a fundamental process in the nitrogen (N) cycle that influences N availability for plant uptake and soil health. However, the long-term effects of nutrient fertilisation on SON decomposition and its microbial drivers remain poorly understood. Here, we used the 180-year-old Broadbalk Winter Wheat Experiment to investigate how farmyard manure (FYM), mineral fertiliser (NPK), and no fertilisation input (NIL) affect crop yield, SON turnover, microbial community composition, and functional genes. Our findings showed that distinct and complementary microbial mechanisms regulate SON decomposition under different nutrient fertilisation treatments. FYM application increased gross N mineralisation to 43.1 mg N kg−1 soil d−1, by doubling microbial biomass and promoting bacterial-dominated protein and peptide decomposition. During the early stage of decomposition, CO2 release from protein and peptide turnover under FYM increased by 96 % and 44 %, respectively, compared to NIL. NPK fertilisation enhanced the decomposition of complex N compounds and promoted the turnover of high-molecular-weight N to support microbial growth by upregulating N-cycling genes and extracellular enzyme production. The carbon use efficiency of protein was increased to 0.68. NPK fertilisation also stimulated fungal and Actinobacteria populations, accelerating the turnover rate of peptides and amino acids to 22.7 and 2.4 mg N kg−1 soil d−1, respectively. These results provide new insights into how nutrient fertilisation practices affect microbialy-mediated N dynamics and crop productivity, emphasising the importance of microbial functional diversity in supporting soil N cycling and fertility. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Manures

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