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A Preliminary Catalog of Early Aftershocks Following the 7 January 2025 M_(S)6.8 Dingri,Xizang Earthquake

Journal of Earth Science 2025年第2期36卷 856-860页

作者： Jiayuan Yao Dongdong Yao Fang Chen Ming Zhi Li Sun Dun Wang Hubei Subsurface Multi-scale Imaging Key Laboratory School of Geophysics and GeomaticsChina University of Geosciences(Wuhan)Wuhan 430074China State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)Wuhan 430074China State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources School of Earth SciencesChina University of Geosciences(Wuhan)Wuhan 430074China China Earthquake Networks Center Beijing 100045China

*** January 7,2025,at 9:05 AM BJT,a MS6.8 earthquake(CENC epicenter:28.50°N,87.45°E)struck Dingri County,Xizang Province(hereinafter referred to as the Dingri mainshock).The inferred moment magnitude,based on regional/teleseismic waveform inversion and back-projection,is approximately *** mechanism solutions,aftershock distribution,and field surveys indicate that the Dingri mainshock was a normal-faulting event,with a nearly north-south strike and a westward-dipping fault plane.

关键词： focal mechanism Xizang aftershocks Dingri moment magnitude field surveys earthquake mechanism solutionsaftershock

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Direct inversion of multimode Rayleigh-wave spatial autocorrelation coefficients from high-frequency ambient noise

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Geophysics 2025年第3期90卷 KS31-KS46页

作者： Qin, Qianqian Wang, Limin Luo, Yinhe Chen, Chao Bian, Aifei Song, Xianhai China University of Geosciences School of Geophysics and Geomatics Hubei Subsurface Multi-scale Imaging Key Laboratory Wuhan China National Petroleum Corporation BGPInc. Hebei Zhuozhou China

In general, the traditional spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) method uses the fundamental-mode surface-wave dispersion curve for inversion. Ignoring the higher-mode surface-wave dispersion curves affects the accuracy of the SPAC method in detecting the S-wave velocity structures, especially for the inversion of deeper structures. To fully and accurately use the multimode nature of surface waves, we investigate a direct inversion method of subsurface S-wave velocity structures from the SPAC coefficients of multimode surface waves extracted from the seismic ambient noise. In this new method, the SPAC coefficient is directly inverted to obtain the S-wave velocity. The key step is to obtain the theoretical SPAC coefficients of a layered model by taking into account the energy ratio of each mode of surface waves in the studied frequency band and the influence of the finite station pairs and by weighting the Bessel functions corresponding to the phase velocities of each mode with the energy ratio as the weighting factor. The direct inversion method for the SPAC coefficient significantly improves the efficiency of data processing by omitting the extraction of the dispersion curves. Meanwhile, joint inversion of the fundamental and higher-mode SPAC coefficients of surface waves ensures the reliability of inversion results, increases the exploration depth, strengthens the stability of inversion, and significantly reduces the inversion misfit. © 2025 Society of Exploration Geophysicists. All rights reserved.

关键词： Shear waves

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Sensitivity analysis of the lithospheric magnetic field at satellite altitude:the effects of the inducing field and the shape of the magnetic lithosphere

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2025年第3期9卷 642-652页

作者： JinSong Du YuKun Li HouPu Li ChangQing Yuan KangAn Zhao JiangSong Gui Pan Zhang ShaoFeng Bian Hubei Subsurface Multi-scale Imaging Key Laboratory School of Geophysics and GeomaticsChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Key Laboratory of Geological Survey and Evaluation of Ministry of Education China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China College of Electrical Engineering Naval University of EngineeringWuhan 430033China

As a means of quantitative interpretation,forward calculations of the global lithospheric magnetic field in the Spherical Harmonic(SH)domain have been widely used to reveal geophysical,lithological,and geothermal variations in the *** approaches either do not consider the non-axial dipolar terms of the inducing field and its radial variation or do so by means of complicated ***,existing methods treat the magnetic lithosphere either as an infinitesimally thin layer or as a radially uniform spherical shell of constant ***,we present alternative forward formulae that account for an arbitrarily high maximum degree of the inducing field and for a magnetic lithosphere of variable *** simulations based on these formulae suggest that the satellite magnetic anomaly field is sensitive to the non-axial dipolar terms of the inducing field but not to its radial ***,in forward and inverse calculations of satellite magnetic anomaly data,the non-axial dipolar terms of the inducing field should not be ***,our results show that the satellite magnetic anomaly field is sensitive to variability in the lateral thickness of the magnetized *** particular,we show that for a given vertically integrated susceptibility distribution,underestimating the thickness of the magnetic layer overestimates the induced magnetic *** discovery bridges the greatest part of the alleged gap between the susceptibility values measured from rock samples and the susceptibility values required to match the observed magnetic field *** expect the formulae and conclusions of this study to be a valuable tool for the quantitative interpretation of the Earth's global lithospheric magnetic field,through an inverse or forward modelling approach.

关键词： lithospheric magnetic field forward calculation spherical harmonic analysis sensitivity analysis satellite magnetism

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A cubed-sphere based method for global and regional modeling of the lithospheric magnetic field

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2025年第3期9卷 622-634页

作者： Liang Yin JiaXuan Zhang PengFei Liu HongBo Yao Pan Zhang JinSong Du Macao Institute of Space Technology and Application Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China Hubei Subsurface Multi-scale Imaging Key Laboratory School of Geophysics and GeomaticsChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Institute of Space Weather School of Atmospheric PhysicsNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China

The Earth's magnetic field,which has been extensively observed from ground to satellite altitudes over several decades,originates from multiple sources,such as the core dynamo,the conductive mantle,the magnetized lithosphere,and the space current *** of the lithospheric contribution plays an important role in the geophysical studies and industrial *** this paper,we propose a new method for global and regional modeling of the lithospheric magnetic field based on the *** equivalent dipole source method on a quasi-uniform cubed-sphere grid is employed in the forward *** dipole directions are fixed according to a priori magnetization and the relative intensities are estimated by an inversion procedure of least-squares fitting with minimum model *** numerical tests are performed to validate the accuracy and efficiency of both forward modeling and inversion *** proposed method is applied to the global and regional modeling based on the latest magnetic data from Swarm Alpha satellite and MSS-1 *** model results indicate that the proposed method works quite well for realistic satellite data and MSS-1 data is consistent with the Swarm data in terms of lithospheric field modeling.

关键词： geomagnetic satellite lithospheric magnetic field cubed-sphere grid forward modeling inversion

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An alternative regularization approach for modeling the regional lithospheric magnetic field from satellite magnetic measurements by the spherical equivalent source method and its application in Africa

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2025年第3期9卷 697-710页

作者： JiangSong Gui JinSong Du Pan Zhang ChangQing Yuan YuKun Li KangAn Zhao Liang Yin HouPu Li Hubei Subsurface Multi-scale Imaging Key Laboratory School of Geophysics and GeomaticsChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Key Laboratory of Geological Survey and Evaluation of Ministry of Education China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Macao Institute of Space Technology and Application Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China College of Electrical Engineering Naval University of EngineeringWuhan 430033China

The equivalent source(ES)method in the spherical coordinate system has been widely applied to processing,reduction,field modeling,and geophysical and geological interpretation of satellite magnetic anomaly ***,the inversion for the ES model suffers from nonuniqueness and instability,which remain *** mitigate these issues,we introduce both the minimum and flattest models into the model objective function as an alternative regularization approach in the spherical ES *** first present the methods,then analyze the accuracy of forward calculation and test the proposed ES method in this study by using synthetic *** experimental results from simulation data indicate that our proposed regularization effectively suppresses the Backus effect and mitigates inversion instability in the low-latitude ***,we apply the proposed method to magnetic anomaly data from China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite-1(CSES-1)and Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1)magnetic measurements over Africa by constructing an ES model of the large-scale lithospheric magnetic *** with existing global lithospheric magnetic field models,our ES model demonstrates good consistency at high altitudes and predicts more stable fields at low ***,we derive the reduction to the pole(RTP)magnetic anomaly fields and the apparent susceptibility contrast distribution based on the ES *** latter correlates well with the regional tectonic framework in Africa and surroundings.

关键词： regional lithospheric magnetic field model spherical equivalent source method satellite magnetism Africa MSS-1 CSES-1

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Revised global vertically integrated remanent magnetization model of the oceanic lithosphere with comparison to LCS-1 model and MSS-1 magnetic measurements

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2025年第3期9卷 653-666页

作者： ShiDa Sun Hui Li JinSong Du Pan Zhang Chao Chen PengFei Liu Key Laboratory of Intelligent Detection and Equipment for Underground Space of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration Ministry of Natural ResourcesHebei GEO UniversityShijiazhuang 050031China Center for Integrated Gravity Magneticand Electrical ProspectingHebei Key Laboratory of Strategic Critical Mineral ResourcesHebei GEO UniversityShijiazhuang 050031China Hubei Subsurface Multi-Scale Imaging Key Laboratory School of Geophysics and GeomaticsChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Macao Institute of Space Technology and Application Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China

The lithospheric magnetic field is an important component of the geomagnetic field,and the oceanic lithosphere exhibits distinct *** of its formation mechanisms,evolutionary history,and geomagnetic field polarity reversals,the oceanic lithosphere has significant remanent magnetization,which causes magnetic anomaly stripes parallel to the mid-ocean ***,it is difficult to construct a high-resolution lithospheric magnetic field model in oceanic regions with relatively sparse data or no *** forward calculated lithospheric magnetic field data based on an oceanic remanent magnetization(ORM) model with physical and geological foundations as a supplement is a feasible *** first collect the latest available oceanic crust age grid,plate motion model,geomagnetic polarity timescale,and oceanic lithosphere thermal *** the assumptions that the paleo geomagnetic field is a geocentric axial dipole field and that the normal oceanic crust moves only in the horizontal direction,we construct a vertically integrated ORM model of the normal oceanic crust with a known age,including the intensity,inclination,and *** the ORM model and the global induced magnetization(GIM) model are then scaled from two aspects between their forward calculated results and the lithospheric magnetic field model *** aspect is the difference in their spherical harmonic power spectra,and the other is the misfit between the grid data over the *** last compare the forward calculated lithospheric magnetic anomaly from the scaled ORM and GIM models with the Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1) observed *** comparison results show that the magnetic anomalies over the normal oceanic crust regions at satellite altitude are mainly contributed by the high-intensity remanent magnetization corresponding to the Cretaceous magnetic quiet *** these regions,the predicted and observed anomalies show good consistency in spatial distribut

关键词： oceanic remanent magnetization lithospheric magnetic field LCS-1 Macao Science Satellite-1

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A New Crustal Thickness and VP/VS Model of the Indochina Peninsula

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Seismological Research Letters 2025年第3期96卷 1780-1790页

作者： Wen, Zehuan Yao, Jiayuan Huang, Rong Zhu, Lupei Cheng, Shihua Zhang, Yaxi Li, Jianyong Phetphouthongdy, Boonphor Morley, Christopher K. Tong, Ping State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources School of Geophysics and Geomatics China University of Geosciences Wuhan China Hubei Subsurface Multi-scale Imaging Key Laboratory School of Geophysics and Geomatics China University of Geosciences Wuhan China Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Saint Louis University St. LouisMO United States Laboratory of Seismology and Physics of Earth’s Interior School of Earth and Space Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China China Earthquake Networks Center Beijing China Department of Meteorology and Hydrology Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Vientiane Laos Structural Geology Services Ltd Coffinswell Devon United Kingdom Division of Mathematical Sciences School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore

The Indochina peninsula is formed by the collision of continental terranes, magmatic arcs, and suture zones due to the closure of the Palaeo-Tethys oceans during the Mesozoic and has experienced complex tectonic activities during the Cenozoic. Crustal thickness and VP/VS of the peninsula can help better understand its tectonics and formation, so we generate a new high-precision crust model for this region via the receiver function H−κ stacking method. The Khorat plateau has thicker crust (∼36.3 km) than other regions (∼32.4 km), whereas the elevation is similar (P/VS (1.79–1.83) observed in southern Khorat plateau and southeastern Indochina Terrane indicates a mafic crustal composition that is consistent with extensive Late Cenozoic basaltic volcanism. Furthermore, our new model reveals high crustal VP/VS (1.81–1.95) in the east of the Nan suture and north of Khorat plateau, which could be interpreted as mafic–ultramafic intrusions in the continental back-arc basin east of the Sukhothai arc in the Late Palaeozoic. Our model does not support the existence of the eastward branch of the midlower crustal flow of the Tibetan plateau because a crustal weak layer would be too thin or too dispersed to flow. © Seismological Society of America.

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A 100-degree lithospheric magnetic field model constructed using MSS-1,Swarm-A,and CHAMP satellite data

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2025年第3期9卷 667-676页

作者： JiaXuan Zhang Yan Feng Pan Zhang YuXuan Lin XinWu Li Ya Huang Institute of Space Weather School of Atmospheric PhysicsNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China State Key Laboratory of Space Weather Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China State Key Laboratory of Environment Characteristics and Effects for Near-space Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Macao Institute of Space Technology and Application Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China Hubei Subsurface Multi-scale Imaging Key Laboratory School of Geophysics and GeomaticsChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

By combining data from the Challenging Minisatellite Payload(CHAMP),Swarm-A,and newest Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1) missions,we constructed a lithospheric magnetic field model up to spherical harmonic degree N = *** isolate the lithospheric magnetic field signals,we utilized the latest CHAOS-8(CHAMP,?rsted,and SAC-C 8) model and MGFM(multisource Geomagnetic Field Model) to remove nonlithospheric sources,including the core field,magnetospheric field,ocean tidal field,and ocean circulation ***,orbit-by-orbit processing was applied to both scalar and vector data,such as spherical harmonic high-pass filtering,singular spectrum analysis,and line leveling,to suppress noise and residual signals along the satellite *** an orbital inclination of only 41°,MSS-1 effectively captures fine-scale lithospheric magnetic field signals in mid-to low-latitude *** data exhibit a root mean square error of only 0.77 nT relative to the final model,confirming the high quality and utility of lithospheric field *** resulting model exhibits excellent consistency with the MF7(Magnetic Field Model 7),maintaining a high correlation up to N = 90 and still exceeding 0.65 at N = *** results demonstrate the reliability and value of MSS-1 data in global lithospheric magnetic field modeling.

关键词： lithospheric magnetic field Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1) line leveling Magnetic Field Model 7(MF7) singular spectrum analysis

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A high-resolution lithospheric magnetic field model of China and surroundings by using CHAMP,Swarm,CSES-1,and MSS-1 satellite magnetic measurements and aeromagnetic anomaly data

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2025年第3期9卷 686-696页

作者： Pan Zhang JinSong Du Liang Yin Qing Yan JiaXuan Zhang HouPu Li Keke Zhang Chao Chen Hubei Subsurface Multi-scale Imaging Key Laboratory School of Geophysics and GeomaticsChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Key Laboratory of Geological Survey and Evaluation of Ministry of Education China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Macao Institute of Space Technology and Application Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China Institute of Space Weather School of Atmospheric PhysicsNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China College of Electrical Engineering Naval University of EngineeringWuhan 430033China

The CUG_CLMFM3D series comprises high-resolution three-dimensional lithospheric magnetic field models for China and its *** first version,CUG_CLMFM3Dv1,is a spherical cap harmonic model integrating the WDMAMv2(World Digital Magnetic Anomaly Map version 2)global magnetic anomaly grid and nearly a decade of CHAMP(Challenging Minisatellite Payload for Geophysical Research and Application)satellite vector *** achieves a~5.7 km resolution but has limitations:the WDMAMv2 grid lacks high-resolution data in the southern Xinjiang and Tibet regions,which leads to missing small-to medium-scale anomalies,and unfiltered CHAMP data introduce low-frequency conflicts with global spherical harmonic *** the altitude of 150 km,correlations with global models drop below *** second version,CUG_CLMFM3Dv2,addresses these issues by incorporating 5-km-resolution aeromagnetic data and rigorously processed satellite data from CHAMP,Swarm,CSES-1(China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite 1),and MSS-1(Macao Science Satellite 1).The comparison analysis shows that the CUG_CLMFM3Dv2 captures finer high-frequency details and more stable long-wavelength signals,offering improved magnetic anomaly maps for further geological and geophysical studies.

关键词： Macao Science Satellite 1 China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite 1 revised spherical cap harmonic analysis high resolution lithospheric magnetic field China and surroundings

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Enhancing Interferometry Using Weak Value Amplification with Real Weak Values

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Physical Review Letters 2025年第8期134卷 080802-080802页

作者： Jing-Hui Huang Kyle M. Jordan Adetunmise C. Dada Xiang-Yun Hu Jeff. S. Lundeen Hubei Subsurface Multi-scale Imaging Key Laboratory School of Geophysics and Geomatics China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China Department of Physics and Nexus for Quantum Technologies University of Ottawa 25 Templeton Street Ottawa Ontario Canada K1N 6N5 School of Physics and Astronomy University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK

We introduce an ultrasensitive interferometric protocol that combines weak value amplification (WVA) with traditional interferometry. This protocol WVA+interferometry uses weak value amplification of the relative delay between two paths to enhance interferometric sensitivity. As an example, we demonstrate a proof-of-principle experiment that achieves few-attosecond timing resolution (few nanometer path length resolution) with a double-slit interferometer using only common optical components. Since our example uses only the spatial shift of double-slit interference fringes, its precision is not limited by the timing resolution of the detectors but is instead limited by the fundamental shot noise associated with classical light and the diminished technical noise. We experimentally demonstrate that the signal-to-noise ratio can be improved by one to two orders of magnitude relative to a measurement that does not use WVA. Two key conclusions are drawn: (i) Most conventional interferometric techniques primarily rely on determining the path difference (time delay or longitudinal phase), with their precision constrained by technical noise. Our protocol offers a robust solution for minimizing the technical noise in traditional interferometry, with precision in principle approaching the shot-noise limit. (ii) Although WVA has achieved significant advancements in ultrasensitive longitudinal phase measurement, its applicability is constrained by the need for broad spectral bandwidths and high-resolution spectrometers. Contrary to previous assumptions, we demonstrate that quantum-limited WVA time delay measurements are achievable with narrow band light using real weak values. Thus, the cost-effectiveness and practicality of the proposed WVA+interferometry protocol using narrow band light broaden the scope of WVA applications. This protocol holds potential for broad applications in optical metrology, quantum optics and quantum information, biomedical imaging, and interferometric

关键词： Shot noise

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