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arXiv 2024年

作者： Rosenberg, Jessica L. Holincheck, Nancy Fernández, Kathryn Dreyfus, Benjamin W. Wardere, Fardousa Stehle, Stephanie Butler, Tiffany N. Department of Physics and Astronomy George Mason University FairfaxVA22030 United States College of Education and Human Development George Mason University FairfaxVA22030 United States STEM Accelerator Program College of Science George Mason University FairfaxVA22030 United States

The percentage of women receiving bachelor’s degrees in physics (25%) in the U.S. lags well behind that of men, and women leave the major at higher rates. Achieving equity in physics will mean that women stay in physics at the same rates as men, but this will require changes in the culture and support structures. A strong sense of belonging can lead to higher retention rates so interventions meant to increase dimensions of physics identity (interest, recognition, performance, and competence) may increase persistence overall and increase women’s retention differentially. We describe our model in which mentorship, an understanding of career options (career conceptualization), and leadership are inputs into the development of these dimensions of physics identity. This paper includes preliminary results from a qualitative study that aims to better understand how career conceptualization, leadership, and mentorship contribute to the development of physics identity and belonging. We report results from a survey of 15 undergraduate physics students which was followed up by interviews with 5 of those students. The students were from 2 institutions: a small private liberal arts college in the Midwest region of the U.S. and a large public university in the southeast region of the U.S. classified as a Hispanic-serving institution (HSI). With respect to mentorship, consistent with the existing literature, we found that it could provide critical support for students' engagement in the physics community. Leadership experiences have not previously been positioned as an important input into identity, yet we found that they helped women in physics feel more confident, contributing to their recognition of themselves as physics people. While the data on how career conceptualization contributed to the building of identity is limited, there are some connections to recognition and competence, and it will be an interesting avenue of future exploration. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Students

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Formosanin C suppresses cancer cell proliferation and migration by impeding autophagy machinery

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Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences 2023年第5期39卷 489-500页

作者： Chu, Man-Ling Lin, Pei-Wen Liu, Yu-Wen Wu, Shan-Ying Lan, Sheng-Hui Su, Chun-Li Liu, Hsiao-Sheng M.Sc. Program in Tropical Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan Department of Human Development and Family Studies National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan Graduate Program of Nutrition Science School of Life Science National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan Center for Cancer Research College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Microbiology and Immunology College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan

Formosanin C (FC) is a natural compound extracted from Paris formosana Hayata with anticancer activity. FC induces both autophagy and apoptosis in human lung cancer cells. FC-induced depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) may trigger mitophagy. In this study, we clarified the effect of FC on autophagy, mitophagy, and the role of autophagy in FC-related cell death and motility. We found FC caused the continuous increase of LC3 II (representing autophagosomes) from 24 to 72 h without degradation after treatment of lung and colon cancer cells, indicating that FC blocks autophagic progression. In addition, we confirmed that FC also induces early stage autophagic activity. Altogether, FC is not only an inducer but also a blocker of autophagy progression. Moreover, FC increased MMP accompanied by overexpression of COX IV (mitochondria marker) and phosphorylated Parkin (p-Parkin, mitophagy marker) in lung cancer cells, but no colocalization of LC3 with COX IV or p-Parkin was detected under confocal microscopy. Moreover, FC could not block CCCP (mitophagy inducer)-induced mitophagy. These results imply that FC disrupts mitochondria dynamics in the treated cells, and the underlying mechanism deserves further exploration. Functional analysis reveals that FC suppresses cell proliferation and motility through apoptosis and EMT-related pathway, respectively. In conclusion, FC acts as an inducer as well as a blocker of autophagy that results in cancer cell apoptosis and decreased motility. Our findings shed the light on the development of combined therapy with FC and clinical anticancer drugs for cancer treatment. © 2023 The Authors. The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Kaohsiung Medical University.

关键词： autophagy formosanin C lung cancer mitophagy

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The association between passive social network usage and depression/negative emotions with envy as a mediator

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Scientific Reports 2023年第1期13卷 1-12页

作者： Cheng, Wen Nguyen, Duc Nhan Nguyen, Pham Ngoc Thien Center for Teacher Education Institute of Education International Graduate Program of Education and Human Development National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan International Graduate Program of Education and Human Development National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan Ho Chi Minh City University of Education Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam An Giang University Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam

This study aimed to investigate the relationships between passive social network usage (PSNU) and depression/negative emotions over time with the mediating role of envy among Vietnamese adolescents. First, it revealed that PSNU had a simultaneous effect on depression/negative emotions as well as at different time points, indicating that social network site behaviors can predict psychological states over time (explained by the social comparison theory). Second, the autoregressive effect also confirmed a potential reciprocal relationship between PSNU and depression, whereas PSNU appeared to have an impact on negative emotions but not the other way around. Specifically, depression at Time 1 was positively associated with PSNU at Time 2, whereas negative emotions did not exhibit a similar pattern (explained by the cognitive dissonance theory). The different associations were interpreted as depression having cognitive elements, while negative emotions were thought to be purely emotional states. The results demonstrated that behavior may potentially have a long-lasting effect on mental health (both negative emotions and depression), while it was depression, rather than negative emotions, that had a long-term effect on behaviors. Third, envy played a mediating role that connected the changes of PSNU and depression/negative emotions. The implications and limitations of these findings are discussed. © 2023, The Author(s).

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Resilience in educational system: A systematic review and directions for future research

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International Journal of Educational development 2023年 99卷

作者： Borazon, Elaine Quintana Chuang, Hsueh-Hua International Graduate Program of Education and Human Development College of Social Sciences National Sun Yat-sen University Taiwan Institute of Education College of Social Sciences National Sun Yat-sen University Taiwan

This study proposes to map out the scientific production on resilience studies in the education context. This is in response to the clarion call for enhancing resilience in the education system as driven by recent disruptions and various environmental uncertainties. A total of 7230 search articles were extracted from Web of Science and Scopus, using the set criteria, covering the period 1980–2021. After screening for eligibility and duplications, 707 articles were analyzed. Among the literature reviewed through an inductive approach, research foci were categorized into five themes: culture and environment (15%), successful models and programs (18%), experiences and resiliency of learners (32%), characteristics of resilient students (19%), and teaching styles and resiliency of teachers (16%). These studies have highlighted the role of the environment, individual experiences and background, and educational institution's programs as enablers of resilience-building. This review contributes to the extant literature by proposing recommendations for research potentials toward building a more resilient educational system. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Dynamic capability Education PRISMA Resilience School disruptions Systems thinking

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Evaluating stakeholder engagement in collaborative research: co-producing knowledge for climate resilience

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Socio-Ecological Practice Research 2022年第3期4卷 235-249页

作者： Singletary, Loretta Koebele, Elizabeth Evans, William Copp, Christopher J. Hockaday, Shelby Rego, Jesse Jo Departments of Economics and Cooperative Extension University of Nevada Reno Reno NV United States Department of Political Science University of Nevada Reno Reno NV United States Department of Human Development Family Science and Counseling University of Nevada Reno Reno NV United States Interdisciplinary Doctoral Program in Social Psychology University of Nevada Reno Reno NV United States Independent Science Researcher Reno NV United States Graduate Program in Hydrologic Sciences University of Nevada Reno Reno NV United States

This study describes the development, implementation, and evaluation of an initial stakeholder engagement experience designed to facilitate knowledge co-production. The engagement experience is part of a collaborative research framework (CRF), which facilitates iterative interactions among diverse researchers and stakeholders around the topic of enhanced climate resilience. Here, we describe the: (1) need for and development of a CRF as it relates to stakeholder engagement and knowledge co-production;(2) implementation of the initial engagement experience, focused around individual semi-structured interviews, in the context of a snow-dependent, arid river basin where historical water over allocation, climate change, and diversified water uses challenge the basin’s resilience;and (3) formative evaluation of the engagement experience using an online survey to inform the development of more effective engagement practices. Results of the evaluation indicate that, after participating, most stakeholders understand and recognize the importance of research goals, demonstrate positive attitudes toward collaborative research and researchers, view their contribution of knowledge and expertise as critical to research, and perceive researchers as eager to use their expertise. Moreover, stakeholders emphasized various context-specific goals for knowledge co-production, such as finding innovative ways to adapt to increased competition for diminishing water supplies. To achieve these goals, stakeholders suggested researchers learn about their basin, including its water allocation history and agricultural practices. These results highlight the importance of centering stakeholder engagement experiences within a broader CRF and formatively evaluating such experiences to adapt them to achieve research goals. © 2022, The Author(s).

关键词： Climate resilience Collaborative research Food security Formative evaluation Knowledge co-production Snow-dependent river basins Stakeholder engagement

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Cysteine-cysteine Chemokine Receptor Type 5 Plays a Critical Role in Exercise Performance by Regulating Mitochondrial Content in Skeletal Muscle

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Inflammation 2023年第6期46卷 2089-2101页

作者： Chen, Chien-Wei Chen, Luen-Kui Chung, Yi-Ting Liu, Shui-Yu Chen, Shuoh-Wen Chang, Yuan-I Hsieh, Po-Shiuan Juan, Chi-Chang International Sport Science Master’s Program College of Human Development and Health National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences Taipei Taiwan Institutes of Physiology College of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University No. 155 Sec. 2 Li-Nong St. Taipei 112304 Taiwan Department of Physiology and Biophysics National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan Department of Medical Research Tri-Service General Hospital Taipei Taiwan Department of Medical Research Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan

Cysteine-cysteine chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) is thought to play an important role in the trafficking of lymphoid cells but has recently also been associated with AMPK signaling pathways that are implicated in energy metabolism in skeletal muscle. We hypothesized that genetic deletions of CCR5 would alter mitochondria content and exercise performance in mice. CCR5^−/− and wild-type mice with the same genetic background were subjected to endurance exercise and grip strength tests. The soleus muscle was stained with immunofluorescence for myosin heavy chain 7 (MYH7) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) analysis as well as the expression of genes associated with muscle atrophy and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation were measured using qPCR. Although there were no differences in the weight of the soleus muscle between the CCR5^−/− group and the wild-type mice, the CCR5^−/− mice showed the following muscular dysfunctions: (i) decreased MYH7 percentage and cross-section area, (ii) higher myostatin and atrogin-1 mRNA levels, (iii) dropped expression of mitochondrial DNA-encoded electron respiratory chain genes (cytochrome B, cytochrome c oxidase subunit III, and ATP synthase subunit 6) as well as mitochondrial generation genes (PPARγ and PGC-1α), and (iv) lower SDH activity and exercise performance when compared with wild-type mice. In addition, genes associated with mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1α, PPARγ, and MFN2) and mitochondrial complex (ND4 and Cytb) were upregulated when the skeletal muscle cell line C2C12 was exposed to cysteine-cysteine chemokine ligand 4 (a ligand of CCR5) in vitro. These findings suggested that attenuation of endurance exercise performance is related to the loss of mitochondrial content and lower SDH activity of soleus muscle in CCR5 knockout mice. The present study provides evidence indicating that the chemokine receptor CCR5 might modulate the skeletal muscle metabolic energy system during exercise. © 2023

关键词： Cysteine-cysteine chemokine receptor type 5 Exercise performance Mitochondrial complex Muscle atrophy Myosin heavy chain 7

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Deletion of a single CTCF motif at the boundary of a chromatin domain with three FGF genes disrupts gene expression and embryonic development

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developmental Cell 2025年

作者： Chakraborty, Shreeta Wenzlitschke, Nina Anderson, Matthew J. Eraso, Ariel Baudic, Manon Thompson, Joyce J. Evans, Alicia A. Shatford-Adams, Lilly M. Chari, Raj Awasthi, Parirokh Dale, Ryan K. Lewandoski, Mark Petros, Timothy J. Rocha, Pedro P. Unit on Genome Structure and Regulation National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Institutes of Health Bethesda 20892 MD United States Genetics of Vertebrate Development Section Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Frederick 21702 MD United States Bioinformatics and Scientific Programming Core National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Institutes of Health Bethesda 20892 MD United States Laboratory Animal Sciences Program Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Frederick 21702 MD United States Unit on Cellular and Molecular Neurodevelopment National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Institutes of Health Bethesda 20892 MD United States National Cancer Institute NIH Bethesda 20892 MD United States

Chromatin domains delimited by CTCF can restrict the range of enhancer action. However, disruption of some domain boundaries results in mild gene dysregulation and phenotypes. We tested whether perturbing a domain with multiple developmental regulators would lead to more severe outcomes. We chose a domain with three FGF ligand genes—Fgf3, Fgf4, and Fgf15—that control different murine developmental processes. Heterozygous deletion of a 23.9-kb boundary defined by four CTCF sites led to ectopic interactions of the FGF genes with enhancers active in the brain and induced FGF expression. This caused orofacial clefts, encephalocele, and fully penetrant perinatal lethality. Loss of the single CTCF motif oriented toward the enhancers—but not the three toward the FGF genes—recapitulated these phenotypes. Our works shows that small sequence variants at particular domain boundaries can have a surprisingly outsized effect and must be considered as potential sources of gene dysregulation in development and disease. © 2025

关键词： CTCF epigenetics FGF gene regulation nuclear organization

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Integration of metabolomics and machine learning for precise management and prevention of cardiometabolic risk in Asians

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Clinical Nutrition 2025年 50卷 146-153页

作者： Bi, Xinyan Sun, Lijuan Yeo, Michelle Ting Yun Seaw, Ker Ming Leow, Melvin Khee Shing Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI) Agency for Science Technology and Research (A∗STAR) 31 Biopolis Way Nanos Singapore 138669 Singapore Institute for Human Development and Potential (IHDP) Agency for Science Technology and Research (A∗STAR) Singapore Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Endocrinology Tan Tock Seng Hospital Singapore Human Potential Translational Research Programme (HPTRP) Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore (NUS) Singapore Cardiovascular and Metabolic Program Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore

Rapid changes in dietary patterns have led to a rise in cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) worldwide, highlighting the urgent need for effective dietary strategies to address the health issues. Compared to Caucasians, Asians are more susceptible to CMDs. Understanding the complex factors driving this increased susceptibility is essential for developing targeted interventions and preventive measures for Asian populations. Metabolomics plays a key role in identifying specific metabolic markers and pathways associated with CMDs, providing insights into disease mechanisms and helping to create individualized risk profiles. However, metabolomics faces several challenges, including difficulties in interpreting results across diverse ethnic groups, limitations in study design, variability in analytical platforms, and inconsistencies in data processing methods. Overcoming these challenges requires the adoption of advanced technologies, standardized approaches, and integration of multi-omics data to maximize the utility of metabolomics in clinical settings. As the volume and complexity of metabolomic data continue to increase, machine learning (ML) algorithms have become essential for effective data integration, interpretation, and knowledge extraction. Advanced ML techniques, such as deep learning and network analysis, can reveal hidden patterns, relationships, and metabolic pathways within large datasets, leading to deeper insights into biological systems and disease processes. By combining metabolomics and ML, we can facilitate early detection, enable personalized interventions, and support the development of targeted nutritional strategies, ultimately improving therapeutic outcomes and reducing the socioeconomic burden of CMDs in this region. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism

关键词： Cardiometabolic disease Dietary strategy Machine learning Metabolomics Precision nutrition

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Adolescent cognitive control processing is associated with anxiety in young adulthood during the COVID-19 pandemic

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Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral Neuroscience 2025年 1-11页

作者： Stohr, Grace M. Harrewijn, Anita Morales, Santiago Zeytinoglu, Selin Laky, Zoë E. Khosravi, Parmis Cardinale, Elise M. Lorenzo, Nicole Stoddard, Joel Pine, Daniel S. Fox, Nathan A. Brotman, Melissa A. Haller, Simone P. Emotion and Development Branch National Institute of Mental Health National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD United States Department of Psychology Education & Child Studies Erasmus University Rotterdam Rotterdam Netherlands Department of Psychology University of Southern California Los Angeles CA United States Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology University of Maryland College Park MD United States Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program University of Maryland College Park MD United States Department of Psychology The Catholic University of America Washington DC United States Psychology Department American University Washington DC United States Pediatric Mental Health Institute Children’S Hospital Colorado Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Program University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO United States

The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with widespread increases in levels of stress and anxiety among young adults. Given that responses to stressful life events vary, it is important to understand how pre-pandemic neurocognitive factors shape reactivity to stress and susceptibility to anxiety. The present study examines associations between pre-pandemic brain activation patterns during cognitive control processing and anxiety trajectories during the pandemic. Participants were recruited as part of an ongoing longitudinal study of temperament and socioemotional development (N = 291). Forty-seven participants completed a cognitive control fMRI task and anxiety measures in late adolescence before the pandemic. In young adulthood, anxiety was assessed three times during the COVID-19 pandemic. Multivariate whole-brain models tested whether activation patterns during the conflict and error processing associated with latent anxiety indices derived from a latent growth curve model. Neural response during conflict and error processing related to anxiety in distinct cortical and subcortical regions. Level of anterior cingulate cortex engagement during cognitive control related to anxiety. However, during error processing, level of engagement in the dorsolateral prefrontal, rather than anterior cingulate cortex, related to anxiety. This work provides preliminary evidence for the predictive utility of prestress neurocognitive factors for young adults’ anxiety response during a uniquely stressful event. Adolescence is a critical time for early identification of youth at risk to create targeted interventions to enhance stress resilience. © This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US;foreign copyright protection may apply 2025.

关键词： Adolescents Anxiety Cognitive control COVID-19 pandemic FMRI Stress

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Determination of gluten immunogenic peptides for the management of the treatment adherence of celiac disease: A systematic review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第37期27卷 6306-6321页

作者： Laura Coto Irati Mendia Carolina Sousa Julio César Bai Angel Cebolla Research and Development BiomedalCamas 41900SevilleSpain Human Nutrition and Food Science Doctoral Program University of GranadaGranada 18011Spain Molecular Biology Biomedicine and Clinical Research Doctoral ProgramUniversity of SevilleSeville 41012Spain Department of Microbiology and Parasitology University of SevilleSeville 41013Spain Department of Gastroenterology Dr.Carlos Bonorino Udaondo Gastroenterology HospitalBuenos Aires 1264Argentina Research Institutes Universidad del SalvadorBuenos Aires 1050Argentina

BACKGROUND Gluten is a complex mixture of proteins with immunogenic peptide sequences triggering the autoimmune activity in patients with celiac disease(CeD).Gluten immunogenic peptides(GIP)are resistant to gastrointestinal digestion and are then excreted via the stool and *** common detection methods applied in the follow-up visits for CeD patients such as serology tests,dietetic interviews,questionnaires,and duodenal biopsy have been proved to be inefficient,invasive,or inaccurate for evaluating gluten-free diet(GFD)*** of excreted GIP in stool and urine has been developed as a non-invasive,direct,and specific test for GFD *** To summarize published literature about the clinical utility of GIP determination in comparison to the tools employed for GFD *** PubMed and Web of Science searches were performed using the keywords“gluten immunogenic peptides”or“gluten immunogenic peptide”and a combination of the previous terms with“feces”,“stools”,“urine”,“celiac disease”,“gluten-free diet”,and“adherence”to identify relevant clinical studies published in English and Spanish between 2012 to January *** lists from the articles were reviewed to identify additional pertinent *** articles and abstracts reporting the clinical use of GIP determination in stool and/or urine for the follow-up of patients with CeD in comparison with other tools in use were *** reports,commentaries,reviews,conference papers,letters,and publications that did not focus on the aims of this review were *** Total of 15 publications were found that involved the use of GIP determination in stool and/or urine to monitor the adherence to the GFD in comparison to other *** included both children and adults diagnosed with CeD and healthy ***,these preliminary studies indicated that this novel technique was highly sensitive for the detection of GFD transgressions and therefore could fac

关键词： Celiac disease Gluten-free diet Gluten immunogenic peptides Immunoassays Stool Urine

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