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Visual modeling and feature adaptation in sign language recognition

Visual modeling and feature adaptation in sign language reco...

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8. ITG-Fachtagung Sprachkommunikation 2008 - 8th ITG Conference on Speech Communication 2008

作者： Dreuw, Philippe Ney, Hermann Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition RWTH Aachen University AachenD-52056 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783800731206

We propose a tracking adaptation to recover from early tracking errors in sign language recognition by optimizing the obtained tracking paths w.r.t. the hypothesized word sequences of an automatic sign language recognition system. Hand or head tracking is usually only optimized according to a tracking criterion. As a consequence, methods which depend on accurate detection and tracking of body parts lead to recognition errors in gesture and sign language processing. Similar to speaker dependent feature adaptation methods in automatic speech recognition, we propose an automatic visual alignment of signers for vision-based sign language recognition. Furthermore, the generation of additional virtual training samples is proposed to reduce the lack of data problem in sign language processing, which often leads to "one-shot" trained models. Most state-of-the-art systems are speaker dependent, and consider tracking as a preprocessing feature extraction part. Experiments on a publicly available benchmark database show that the proposed methods strongly improve the recognition accuracy of the system. © Sprachkommunikation 2008 - 8. ITG-Fachtagung.

关键词： Modeling languages

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The RWTH Machine Translation System for IWSLT 2008 5

The RWTH Machine Translation System for IWSLT 2008

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5th International Workshop on Spoken language Translation, IWSLT 2008

作者： Vilar, David Stein, Daniel Zhang, Yuqi Matusov, Evgeny Mauser, Arne Bender, Oliver Mansour, Saab Ney, Hermann Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Lehrstuhl für Informatik 6 Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University AachenD-52056 Germany

RWTH's system for the 2008 IWSLT evaluation consists of a combination of different phrase-based and hierarchical statistical machine translation systems. We participated in the translation tasks for the Chinese-to-English and Arabic-to-English language pairs. We investigated different preprocessing techniques, reordering methods for the phrase-based system, including reordering of speech lattices, and syntax-based enhancements for the hierarchical systems. We also tried the combination of the Arabic-to-English and Chinese-to-English outputs as an additional submission. © 2008 International Workshop on Spoken language Translation, IWSLT 2008. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hierarchical systems

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Pan, Zoom, Scan - Time-coherent, Trained Automatic Video Cropping

Pan, Zoom, Scan - Time-coherent, Trained Automatic Video Cro...

引用

26th IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and pattern recognition (CVPR 2008), vol.10

作者： Thomas Deselaers Philippe Dreuw Hermann Ney Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

We present a method to fully automatically fit videos in 16:9 format on 4:3 screens and vice versa. It can be applied to arbitrary aspect ratios and can be used to make videos suitable for mobile viewing devices with small and possibly uncommonly sized displays. The cropping sequence is optimised over time to create smooth transitions and thus leads to an excellent viewing experience. Current televisions have simple and often disturbing methods which either show the centre region of the image, distort the image, or pad it with black borders. The technique presented here can fully automatically find the "right" viewing area for each image in a video sequence. It works in real-time with only very little time-shift. We employ different low-level features and a log-linear model to learn how to find the right area. The method is able to automatically decide whether padding with black borders is necessary or whether all relevant image areas fit on screen by cropping the image. Evaluation is done on ten videos from five different types of content and the baseline methods are clearly outperformed.

关键词： Displays Motion pictures TV Video sequences Crops Layout humans pattern recognition DVD Image resolution

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Efficient approximations to model-based joint tracking and recognition of continuous sign language

Efficient approximations to model-based joint tracking and r...

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International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture recognition

作者： Philippe Dreuw Jens Forster Thomas Deselaers Hermann Ney Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

We propose several tracking adaptation approaches to recover from early tracking errors in sign language recognition by optimizing the obtained tracking paths w.r.t. to the hypothesized word sequences of an automatic sign language recognition system. Hand or head tracking is usually only optimized according to a tracking criterion. As a consequence, methods which depend on accurate detection and tracking of body parts lead to recognition errors in gesture and sign language processing. We analyze an integrated tracking and recognition approach addressing these problems and propose approximation approaches over multiple hand hypotheses to ease the time complexity of the integrated approach. Most state-of-the-art systems consider tracking as a preprocessing feature extraction part. Experiments on a publicly available benchmark database show that the proposed methods strongly improve the recognition accuracy of the system.

关键词： Handicapped aids pattern recognition Feature extraction Particle tracking Principal component analysis humans Head Spatial databases Image recognition Fuses

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Bag-of-visual-words models for adult image classification and filtering

Bag-of-visual-words models for adult image classification an...

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作者： Deselaers, Thomas Pimenidis, Lexi Ney, Hermann Computer Science Department Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Security and Privacy Research RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781424421756

We present a method to classify images into different categories of pornographic content to create a system for filtering pornographic images from network traffic. Although different systems for this application were presented in the past, most of these systems are based on simple skin colour features and have rather poor performance. Recent advances in the image recognition field in particular for the classification of objects have shown that bag-of-visual-words-approaches are a good method for many image classification problems. The system we present here, is based on this approach, uses a task-specific visual vocabulary and is trained and evaluated on an image database of 8500 images from different categories. It is shown that it clearly outperforms earlier systems on this dataset and further evaluation on two novel web-traffic collections shows the good performance of the proposed system. © 2008 IEEE.

关键词： Image classification

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White-space models for offline Arabic handwriting recognition

White-space models for offline Arabic handwriting recognitio...

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International Conference on pattern recognition

作者： Philippe Dreuw Stephan Jonas Hermann Ney Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition RWTH Aachen University

ISBN: (纸本)9781424421749

We propose to explicitly model white-spaces for Arabic handwriting recognition within different writing variants. Position-dependent character shapes in Arabic handwriting allow for large white-spaces between characters even within words. Here, a separate character model for white-spaces in combination with a lexicon using different writing variants and character model length adaptation is proposed. Current handwriting recognition systems model the white-spaces implicitly within the character models leading to possibly degraded models, or try to explicitly segment the Arabic words into pieces of Arabic words being prone to segmentation errors. Several white-space modeling approaches are analyzed on the well known IFN/ENIT database and outperform the best reported error rates.

关键词： White spaces Handwriting recognition Hidden Markov models Writing Plasma welding Shape Adaptation model Cities and towns Principal component analysis humans

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Triplet lexicon models for statistical machine translation

Triplet lexicon models for statistical machine translation

引用

2008 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural language Processing, EMNLP 2008, Co-located with AMTA 2008 and the International Workshop on Spoken language Translation

作者： Hasan, Saša Ganitkevitch, Juri Ney, Hermann Andrés-Ferrer, Jesús Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition RWTH Aachen University Germany Universidad Politécnica de Valencia Dept. Sist. Informáticos y Computación Spain

This paper describes a lexical trigger model for statistical machine translation. We present various methods using triplets incorporating long-distance dependencies that can go beyond the local context of phrases or n-gram based language models. We evaluate the presented methods on two translation tasks in a re-ranking framework and compare it to the related IBM model 1. We show slightly improved translation quality in terms of BLEU and TER and address various constraints to speed up the training based on Expectation- Maximization and to lower the overall number of triplets without loss in translation performance. © 2008 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Computer aided language translation

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Improvements in Dynamic Programming Beam Search for Phrase-based Statistical Machine Translation 5

Improvements in Dynamic Programming Beam Search for Phrase-b...

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5th International Workshop on Spoken language Translation, IWSLT 2008

作者： Zens, Richard Ney, Hermann Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Lehrstuhl für Informatik 6 Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University AachenD-52056 Germany Google Inc. 1600 Am-phitheatre Parkway Mountain ViewCA94043 United States

Search is a central component of any statistical machine translation system. We describe the search for phrase-based SMT in detail and show its importance for achieving good translation quality. We introduce an explicit distinction between reordering and lexical hypotheses and organize the pruning accordingly. We show that for the large Chinese-English NIST task already a small number of lexical alternatives is sufficient, whereas a large number of reordering hypotheses is required to achieve good translation quality. The resulting system compares favorably with the current state-of-the-art, in particular we perform a comparison with cube pruning as well as with Moses. © 2008 International Workshop on Spoken language Translation, IWSLT 2008. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dynamic programming

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Bag-of-visual-words models for adult image classification and filtering

Bag-of-visual-words models for adult image classification an...

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International Conference on pattern recognition

作者： Thomas Deselaers Lexi Pimenidis Hermann Ney Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Security and Privacy Research Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781424421749

关键词： Image classification Filters Vocabulary Filtering Skin Telecommunication traffic Image databases Histograms Feature extraction Iterative algorithms

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Confidence scores for acoustic model adaptation

Confidence scores for acoustic model adaptation

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Christian Gollan Michiel Bacchiani Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Computer Science Department 6 RWTH Aachen University Germany Google Inc. New York NY USA

This paper focuses on confidence scores for use in acoustic model adaptation. Frame-based confidence estimates are used in linear transform (CMLLR and MLLR) and MAP adaptation. We show that adaptation approaches with a limited number of free parameters such as linear transform-based approaches are robust in the face of frame labeling errors whereas adaptation approaches with a large number of free parameters such as MAP are sensitive to the quality of the supervision and hence benefit most from use of confidences. Different approaches for using confidence information in adaptation are investigated. This analysis shows that a thresholding approach is effective in that it improves the frame labeling accuracy with little detrimental effect on frame recall. Experimental results show an absolute WER reduction of 2.1% over a CMLLR adapted system on a video transcription task.

关键词： Adaptation model Maximum likelihood linear regression Parameter estimation Speech Robustness Labeling Multimedia systems humans pattern recognition Computer science

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