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Phrase Model Training for Statistical Machine Translation with Word Lattices of Preprocessing Alternatives 7

Phrase Model Training for Statistical Machine Translation wi...

引用

7th Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation, WMT 2012, immediately following the Conference of the North-American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics - human language Technologies, NAACL HLT 2012

作者： Wuebker, Joern Ney, Hermann Human Language Technology And Pattern Recognition Group Rwth Aachen University Aachen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781937284206

In statistical machine translation, word lattices are used to represent the ambiguities in the preprocessing of the source sentence, such as word segmentation for Chinese or morphological analysis for German. Several approaches have been proposed to define the probability of different paths through the lattice with external tools like word segmenters, or by applying indicator features. We introduce a novel lattice design, which explicitly distinguishes between different preprocessing alternatives for the source sentence. It allows us to make use of specific features for each preprocessing type and to lexicalize the choice of lattice path directly in the phrase translation model. We argue that forced alignment training can be used to learn lattice path and phrase translation model simultaneously. On the newscommentary portion of the German!English WMT 2011 task we can show moderate improvements of up to 0.6% BLEU over a stateof- the-art baseline system. ©2012 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Computer aided language translation

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Tracking benchmark databases for video-based sign language recognition

Tracking benchmark databases for video-based sign language r...

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11th European Conference on Computer Vision, ECCV 2010

作者： Dreuw, Philippe Forster, Jens Ney, Hermann Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

A survey of video databases that can be used within a continuous sign language recognition scenario to measure the performance of head and hand tracking algorithms either w.r.t. a tracking error rate or w.r.t. a word error rate criterion is presented in this work. Robust tracking algorithms are required as the signing hand frequently moves in front of the face, may temporarily disappear, or cross the other hand. Only few studies consider the recognition of continuous sign language, and usually special devices such as colored gloves or blue-boxing environments are used to accurately track the regions-of-interest in sign language processing. Ground-truth labels for hand and head positions have been annotated for more than 30k frames in several publicly available video databases of different degrees of difficulty, and preliminary tracking results are presented. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Database systems

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A Simple and Effective Weighted Phrase Extraction for Machine Translation Adaptation 9

A Simple and Effective Weighted Phrase Extraction for Machin...

引用

9th International Workshop on Spoken language Translation, IWSLT 2012

作者： Mansour, Saab Ney, Hermann Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

The task of domain-adaptation attempts to exploit data mainly drawn from one domain (e.g. news) to maximize the performance on the test domain (e.g. weblogs). In previous work, weighting the training instances was used for filtering dissimilar data. We extend this by incorporating the weights directly into the standard phrase training procedure of statistical machine translation (SMT). This allows the SMT system to make the decision whether to use a phrase translation pair or not, a more methodological way than discarding phrase pairs completely when using filtering. Furthermore, we suggest a combined filtering and weighting procedure to achieve better results while reducing the phrase table size. The proposed methods are evaluated in the context of Arabic-to-English translation on various conditions, where significant improvements are reported when using the suggested weighted phrase training. The weighting method also improves over filtering, and the combined filtering and weighting is better than a standalone filtering method. Finally, we experiment with mixture modeling, where additional improvements are reported when using weighted phrase extraction over a variety of baselines. © IWSLT 2012. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine translation

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Spoken language Translation Using Automatically Transcribed Text in Training 9

Spoken Language Translation Using Automatically Transcribed ...

引用

9th International Workshop on Spoken language Translation, IWSLT 2012

作者： Peitz, Stephan Wiesler, Simon Nußbaum-Thom, Markus Ney, Hermann Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

In spoken language translation a machine translation system takes speech as input and translates it into another language. A standard machine translation system is trained on written language data and expects written language as input. In this paper we propose an approach to close the gap between the output of automatic speech recognition and the input of machine translation by training the translation system on automatically transcribed speech. In our experiments we show improvements of up to 0.9 BLEU points on the IWSLT 2012 English-to-French speech translation task. © IWSLT 2012. All rights reserved.

关键词： Speech recognition

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Hierarchical Hybrid language models for Open Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition using WFST

Hierarchical Hybrid Language models for Open Vocabulary Cont...

引用

2012 SAPA-SCALE Conference

作者： Shaik, M. Ali Basha Rybach, David Hahn, Stefan Schlüter, Ralf Ney, Hermann Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University Aachen52056 Germany

One of the main challenges in automatic speech recognition is recognizing an open, partly unseen vocabulary. To implicitly reduce the out-of-vocabulary (OOV) rate, hybrid vocabularies consisting of full-words and sub-words are used. Nevertheless, when using sub-words, OOV rates are not necessarily zero. In this work, we propose the use of separate character level graphones (orthography and phoneme sequence pair) as sub-words to effectively obtain zero OOV rate. To minimize negative effects on the core vocabulary of the most frequent words, a hierarchical language modeling approach is proposed. We augment the first level hybrid language model with an OOV word class, which is replaced by character level graphone sequences using a second-level graphone based character language and acoustic model during search. This approach is realized on-the-fly using weighted finite state transducers. We recognize a significant fraction of OOVs on the Wall Street Journal corpus, compared to the full-word and former hybrid language model based approaches. © SAPA-SCALE 2012. All rights reserved.

关键词： Modeling languages

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The RWTH Aachen Speech Recognition and Machine Translation System for IWSLT 2012 9

The RWTH Aachen Speech Recognition and Machine Translation S...

引用

9th International Workshop on Spoken language Translation, IWSLT 2012

作者： Peitz, Stephan Mansour, Saab Freitag, Markus Feng, Minwei Huck, Matthias Wuebker, Joern Nuhn, Malte Nußbaum-Thom, Markus Ney, Hermann Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

In this paper, the automatic speech recognition (ASR) and statistical machine translation (SMT) systems of RWTH Aachen University developed for the evaluation campaign of the International Workshop on Spoken language Translation (IWSLT) 2012 are presented. We participated in the ASR (English), MT (English-French, Arabic-English, Chinese-English, German-English) and SLT (English-French) tracks. For the MT track both hierarchical and phrase-based SMT decoders are applied. A number of different techniques are evaluated in the MT and SLT tracks, including domain adaptation via data selection, translation model interpolation, phrase training for hierarchical and phrase-based systems, additional reordering model, word class language model, various Arabic and Chinese segmentation methods, postprocessing of speech recognition output with an SMT system, and system combination. By application of these methods we can show considerable improvements over the respective baseline systems. © IWSLT 2012. All rights reserved.

关键词： Speech recognition

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Sequence Labeling-based Reordering Model for Phrase-based SMT 9

Sequence Labeling-based Reordering Model for Phrase-based SM...

引用

9th International Workshop on Spoken language Translation, IWSLT 2012

作者： Feng, Minwei Peter, Jan-Thorsten Ney, Hermann Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

For current statistical machine translation system, reordering is still a major problem for language pairs like Chinese-English, where the source and target language have significant word order differences. In this paper, we propose a novel reordering model based on sequence labeling techniques. Our model converts the reordering problem into a sequence labeling problem, i.e. a tagging task. For the given source sentence, we assign each source token a label which contains the reordering information for that token. We also design an unaligned word tag so that the unaligned word phenomenon is automatically implanted in the proposed model. Our reordering model is conditioned on the whole source sentence. Hence it is able to catch the long dependency in the source sentence. Although the learning on large scale task requests notably amounts of computational resources, the decoder makes use of the tagging information as soft constraints. Therefore, the training procedure of our model is computationally expensive for large task while in the test phase (during translation) our model is very efficient. We carried out experiments on five Chinese-English NIST tasks trained with BOLT data. Results show that our model improves the baseline system by 1.32 BLEU 1.53 TER on average. © IWSLT 2012. All rights reserved.

关键词： Computer aided language translation

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Non-Stationary Signal Processing and its Application in Speech Recognition

Non-Stationary Signal Processing and its Application in Spee...

引用

2012 SAPA-SCALE Conference

作者： Tüske, Zoltán Drepper, Friedhelm R. Schlüter, Ralf Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University Aachen52056 Germany

The most widely used acoustic feature extraction methods of current automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems are based on the assumption of stationarity. In this paper we extensively evaluate a recently introduced filter stable, non-stationary signal processing method, which relies on an adaptive part-tone decomposition of voiced speech to obtain alternative feature vectors for ASR. The non-stationary filterbank allows for more noise robust amplitude based features by suppressing the between-harmonics regions. Furthermore, by adapting the center filter frequencies to the underlying acoustic modes, it is possible to obtain useful phase features which can be interpreted in terms of the non-stationary dynamics within the vocal tract. The features are evaluated on different tasks ranging from vowel classification up to large vocabulary continuous speech recognition. © SAPA-SCALE 2012. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adaptive filters

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Insertion and deletion models for statistical machine translation

Insertion and deletion models for statistical machine transl...

引用

2012 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: human language Technologies, NAACL HLT 2012

作者： Huck, Matthias Ney, Hermann Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University AachenD-52056 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)1937284204

We investigate insertion and deletion models for hierarchical phrase-based statistical machine translation. Insertion and deletion models are designed as a means to avoid the omission of content words in the hypotheses. In our case, they are implemented as phrase-level feature functions which count the number of inserted or deleted words. An English word is considered inserted or deleted based on lexical probabilities with the words on the foreign language side of the phrase. Related techniques have been employed before by Och et al. (2003) in an n-best reranking framework and by Mauser et al. (2006) and Zens (2008) in a standard phrase-based translation system. We propose novel thresholding methods in this work and study insertion and deletion features which are based on two different types of lexicon models. We give an extensive experimental evaluation of all these variants on the NIST Chinese → English translation task. © 2012 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Computer aided language translation

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The RWTH Aachen Machine Translation System for WMT 2012 7

The RWTH Aachen Machine Translation System for WMT 2012

引用

作者： Huck, Matthias Peitz, Stephan Freitag, Markus Nuhn, Malte Ney, Hermann Computer Science Department Human Language Technology And Pattern Recognition Group Rwth Aachen University AachenD-52056 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781937284206

This paper describes the statistical machine translation (SMT) systems developed at RWTH Aachen University for the translation task of the NAACL 2012 Seventh Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation (WMT 2012). We participated in the evaluation campaign for the French-English and German-English language pairs in both translation directions. Both hierarchical and phrase-based SMT systems are applied. A number of different techniques are evaluated, including an insertion model, different lexical smoothing methods, a discriminative reordering extension for the hierarchical system, reverse translation, and system combination. By application of these methods we achieve considerable improvements over the respective baseline systems. ©2012 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Hierarchical systems

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