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Skin-color based videos categorization

International Journal of Computer Science Issues 2012年第1 1-3期9卷 473-477页

作者： Khan, Rehanullah Maqsood, Asad Khan, Zeeshan Ishaq, Muhammad Arif, Arsalan Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology Peshawar Pakistan RWTH Aachen Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Peshawar Pakistan UET Mardan Peshawar Pakistan

On dedicated websites, people can upload videos and share it with the rest of the world. Currently these videos are categorized manually by the help of the user community. In this paper, we propose a combination of color spaces with the Bayesian network approach for robust detection of skin color followed by an automated video categorization. Experimental results show that our method can achieve satisfactory performance for categorizing videos based on skin color. © 2012 International Journal of Computer Science Issues.

关键词： Bayesian networks

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Lightly-Supervised Training for Hierarchical Phrase-Based Machine Translation 1

Lightly-Supervised Training for Hierarchical Phrase-Based Ma...

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1st Workshop on Unsupervised Learning in NLP at the 2011 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural language Processing, EMNLP 2011

作者： Huck, Matthias Vilar, David Stein, Daniel Ney, Hermann Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group RWTH Aachen University Germany DFKI GmbH Berlin Germany

ISBN: (纸本)1937284131

In this paper we apply lightly-supervised training to a hierarchical phrase-based statistical machine translation system. We employ bitexts that have been built by automatically translating large amounts of monolingual data as additional parallel training corpora. We explore different ways of using this additional data to improve our system. Our results show that integrating a second translation model with only non-hierarchical phrases extracted from the automatically generated bitexts is a reasonable approach. The translation performance matches the result we achieve with a joint extraction on all training bitexts while the system is kept smaller due to a considerably lower overall number of phrases. © 2011 Association for Computational Linguistics

关键词： Computer aided language translation

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Advancements in Arabic-to-English hierarchical machine translation

Advancements in Arabic-to-English hierarchical machine trans...

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15th International Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation, EAMT 2011

作者： Huck, Matthias Vilar, David Stein, Daniel Ney, Hermann Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group RWTH Aachen University Germany DFKI GmbH Berlin Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9789081486118

In this paper we study several advanced techniques and models for Arabic-to-English statistical machine translation. We examine how the challenges imposed by this particular language pair and translation direction can be successfully tackled within the framework of hierarchical phrase-based translation. We extend the state-of-the-art with a novel cross-system and cross-paradigm lightlysupervised training approach. In addition, for following recently developed techniques we provide a concise review, an empirical evaluation, and an in-depth analysis: soft syntactic labels, a discriminative word lexicon model, additional reorderings, and shallow rules. We thus bring together complementary methods that previously have only been investigated in isolation and mostly on different language pairs. Combinations of the methods yield significant improvements over a baseline using a usual set of models. The resulting hierarchical systems perform competitive on the large-scale NIST Arabic-to-English translation task. © 2011 European Association for Machine Translation.

关键词： Hierarchical systems

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TANDEM HMM WITH CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK FOR HANDWRITTEN WORD recognition

TANDEM HMM WITH CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK FOR HANDWRITTEN...

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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Bluche, Theodore Ney, Hermann Kermorvant, Christopher A2iA SA France LIMSI CNRS Spoken Language Processing Group France RWTH Aachen University Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781479903566

In this paper, we investigate the combination of hidden Markov models and convolutional neural networks for handwritten word recognition. The convolutional neural networks have been successfully applied to various computer vision tasks, including handwritten character recognition. In this work, we show that they can replace Gaussian mixtures to compute emission probabilities in hidden Markov models (hybrid combination), or serve as feature extractor for a standard Gaussian HMM system (tandem combination). The proposed systems outperform a basic HMM based on either decorrelated pixels or handcrafted features. We validated the approach on two publicly available databases, and we report up to 60% (Rimes) and 35% (IAM) relative improvement compared to a Gaussian HMM based on pixel values. The final systems give comparable results to recurrent neural networks, which are the best systems since 2009.

关键词： Handwriting recognition Hidden Markov Model Convolutional Neural Network

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Extraction methods of voicing feature for robust speech recognition 8

Extraction methods of voicing feature for robust speech reco...

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8th European Conference on Speech Communication and technology, EUROSPEECH 2003

作者： Zolnay, András Schlüter, Ralf Ney, Hermann Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Department of Computer Science VI RWTH Aachen - University of Technology Aachen52056 Germany

In this paper, three different voicing features are studied as additional acoustic features for continuous speech recognition. The harmonic product spectrum based feature is extracted in frequency domain while the autocorrelation and the average magnitude difference based methods work in time domain. The algorithms produce a measure of voicing for each time frame. The voicing measure was combined with the standard Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) using linear discriminant analysis to choose the most relevant features. Experiments have been performed on small and large vocabulary tasks. The three different voicing measures combined with MFCCs resulted in similar improvements in word error rate: improvements of up to 14% on the small-vocabulary task and improvements of up to 6% on the large-vocabulary task relative to using MFCC alone with the same overall number of parameters in the system.

关键词： Frequency domain analysis

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Interactive-Predictive Neural Multimodal Systems 9th

Interactive-Predictive Neural Multimodal Systems

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9th Iberian Conference on pattern recognition and Image Analysis, IbPRIA 2019

作者： Peris, Álvaro Casacuberta, Francisco Pattern Recognition and Human Language Technology Research Center Universitat Politècnica de València Valencia Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9783030313319

Despite the advances achieved by neural models in sequence to sequence learning, exploited in a variety of tasks, they still make errors. In many use cases, these are corrected by a human expert in a posterior revision process. The interactive-predictive framework aims to minimize the human effort spent on this process by considering partial corrections for iteratively refining the hypothesis. In this work, we generalize the interactive-predictive approach, typically applied in to machine translation field, to tackle other multimodal problems namely, image and video captioning. We study the application of this framework to multimodal neural sequence to sequence models. We show that, following this framework, we approximately halve the effort spent for correcting the outputs generated by the automatic systems. Moreover, we deploy our systems in a publicly accessible demonstration, that allows to better understand the behavior of the interactive-predictive framework. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： pattern recognition

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The Vicomtech-PRHLT Speech Transcription Systems for the IberSPEECH-RTVE 2018 Speech to Text Transcription Challenge 4

The Vicomtech-PRHLT Speech Transcription Systems for the Ibe...

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4th International Conference on Advances in Speech and language Technologies for Iberian languages, IberSPEECH 2018

作者： Arzelus, Haritz Álvarez, Aitor Bernath, Conrad García, Eneritz Granell, Emilio Martínez-Hinarejos, Carlos D. Vicomtech Human Speech and Language Technology Group Spain Pattern Recognition and Human Language Technologies Research Center Universitat Politècnica de València Spain

This paper describes our joint submission to the IberSPEECH-RTVE Speech to Text Transcription Challenge 2018, which calls for automatic speech transcription systems to be evaluated in realistic TV shows. With the aim of building and evaluating systems, RTVE licensed around 569 hours of different TV programs, which were processed, re-aligned and revised in order to discard segments with imperfect transcriptions. This task reduced the corpus to 136 hours that we considered as nearly perfectly aligned audios and that we employed as in-domain data to train acoustic models. A total of 6 systems were built and presented to the evaluation challenge, three systems per condition. These recognition engines are different versions, evolution and configurations of two main architectures. The first architecture includes an hybrid LSTM-HMM acoustic model, where bidirectional LSTMs were trained to provide posterior probabilities for the HMM states. The language model corresponds to modified Kneser- Ney smoothed 3-gram and 9-gram models used for decoding and re-scoring of the lattices respectively. The second architecture includes an End-To-End based recognition system, which combines 2D convolutional neural networks as spectral feature extractor from spectrograms with bidirectional Gated Recurrent Units as RNN acoustic models. A modified Kneser-Ney smoothed 5-gram model was also integrated to re-score the E2E hypothesis. All the systems' outputs were then punctuated using bidirectional RNN models with attention mechanism and capitalized through recasing techniques. © 4th International Conference, IberSPEECH 2018.

关键词： Speech recognition

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Exploring E2E speech recognition systems for new languages 4

Exploring E2E speech recognition systems for new languages

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4th International Conference on Advances in Speech and language Technologies for Iberian languages, IberSPEECH 2018

作者： Bernath, Conrad Álvarez, Aitor Arzelus, Haritz Martínez-Hinarejos, Carlos-D. Human Speech and Language Technology Group Vicomtech Spain Pattern Recognition and Human Language Technologies Research Center Universitat Politècnica de València Spain

Over the last few years, advances in both machine learning algorithms and computer hardware have led to significant improvements in speech recognition technology, mainly through the use of Deep Learning paradigms. As it was amply demonstrated in different studies, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have already outperformed traditional Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs) at acoustic modeling in combination with Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). More recently, new attempts have focused on building end-to-end (E2E) speech recognition architectures, especially in languages with many resources like English and Chinese, with the aim of overcoming the performance of LSTM-HMM and more conventional systems. The aim of this work is first to present the different techniques that have been applied to enhance state-of-the-art E2E systems for American English using publicly available datasets. Secondly, we describe the construction of E2E systems for Spanish and Basque, and explain the strategies applied to overcome the problem of the limited availability of training data, especially for Basque as a low-resource language. At the evaluation phase, the three E2E systems are also compared with LSTM-HMM based recognition engines built and tested with the same datasets. © 4th International Conference, IberSPEECH 2018.

关键词： Hidden Markov models

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Interactive-predictive translation based on multiple word-segments 19

Interactive-predictive translation based on multiple word-se...

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19th Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation, EAMT 2016

作者： Domingo, Miguel Peris, Álvaro Casacuberta, Francisco Pattern Recognition and Human Language Technology Research Center Camino de Vera s/n Valencia46022 Spain

Current machine translation systems require human revision to produce high-quality translations. This is achieved through a post-editing process or by means of an interactive human-computer collaboration. Most protocols belonging to the last scenario follow a left-to-right strategy, where the prefix of the translation is iteratively increased by successive validations and corrections made by the user. In this work, we propose a new interactive protocol which allows the user to validate all correct word sequences in the translation generated by the system, breaking the left-to-right barrier. We evaluated our proposal through simulated experiments, obtaining large reductions of the human effort. © 2016, European Association for Machine Translation. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine translation

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The RWTH Aachen University English-Romanian Machine Translation System for WMT 2016 1

The RWTH Aachen University English-Romanian Machine Translat...

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1st Conference on Machine Translation, WMT 2016, held at the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, ACL 2016

作者： Peter, Jan-Thorsten Alkhouli, Tamer Guta, Andreas Ney, Hermann Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University AachenD-52056 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781945626104

This paper describes the statistical machine translation system developed at RWTH Aachen University for the English→Romanian translation task of the ACL 2016 First Conference on Machine Translation (WMT 2016). We combined three different state-of the- art systems in a system combination: A phrase-based system, a hierarchical phrase-based system and an attentionbased neural machine translation system. The phrase-based and the hierarchical phrase-based systems make use of a language model trained on all available data, a language model trained on the bilingual data and a word class language model. In addition, we utilized a recurrent neural network language model and a bidirectional recurrent neural network translation model for reranking the output of both systems. The attention-based neural machine translation system was trained using all bilingual data together with the backtranslated data from the News Crawl 2015 corpora. © 2016 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Neural machine translation

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