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Spoken language processing techniques for sign language recognition and translation

technology and Disability 2008年第2期20卷 121-133页

作者： Dreuw, Philippe Stein, Daniel Deselaers, Thomas Rybach, David Zahedi, Morteza Bungeroth, Jan Ney, Hermann Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Computer Science Department 6 RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

We present an approach to automatically recognize sign language and translate it into a spoken language. A system to address these tasks is created based on state-of-the-art techniques from statistical machine translation, speech recognition, and image processing research. Such a system is necessary for communication between deaf and hearing people. The communication is otherwise nearly impossible due to missing sign language skills on the hearing side, and the low reading and writing skills on the deaf side. As opposed to most current approaches, which focus on the recognition of isolated signs only, we present a system that recognizes complete sentences in sign language. Similar to speech recognition, we have to deal with temporal sequences. Instead of the acoustic signal in speech recognition, we process a video signal as input. Therefore, we use a speech recognition system to obtain a textual representation of the signed sentences. This intermediate representation is then fed into a statistical machine translation system to create a translation into a spoken language. To achieve good results, some particularities of sign languages are considered in both systems. We use a publicly available corpus to show the performance of the proposed system and report very promising results. © 2008 IOS Press. All rights reserved.

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The RWTH 2010 Quaero ASR evaluation system for English, French, and German

The RWTH 2010 Quaero ASR evaluation system for English, Fren...

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36th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2011

作者： Sundermeyer, M. Nussbaum-Thom, M. Wiesler, S. Plahl, C. El-Desoky Mousa, A. Hahn, S. Nolden, D. Schlüter, R. Ney, H. Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781457705397

关键词： Speech recognition

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The RWTH Aachen University English-Romanian Machine Translation System for WMT 2016 1

The RWTH Aachen University English-Romanian Machine Translat...

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1st Conference on Machine Translation, WMT 2016, held at the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, ACL 2016

作者： Peter, Jan-Thorsten Alkhouli, Tamer Guta, Andreas Ney, Hermann Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University AachenD-52056 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781945626104

This paper describes the statistical machine translation system developed at RWTH Aachen University for the English→Romanian translation task of the ACL 2016 First Conference on Machine Translation (WMT 2016). We combined three different state-of the- art systems in a system combination: A phrase-based system, a hierarchical phrase-based system and an attentionbased neural machine translation system. The phrase-based and the hierarchical phrase-based systems make use of a language model trained on all available data, a language model trained on the bilingual data and a word class language model. In addition, we utilized a recurrent neural network language model and a bidirectional recurrent neural network translation model for reranking the output of both systems. The attention-based neural machine translation system was trained using all bilingual data together with the backtranslated data from the News Crawl 2015 corpora. © 2016 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Neural machine translation

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Revisiting Checkpoint Averaging for Neural Machine Translation 2

Revisiting Checkpoint Averaging for Neural Machine Translati...

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2nd Conference of the Asia-Pacific Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 12th International Joint Conference on Natural language Processing, AACL-IJCNLP 2022

作者： Gao, Yingbo Herold, Christian Yang, Zijian Ney, Hermann Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group Computer Science Department Rwth Aachen University AachenD-52056 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781959429043

Checkpoint averaging is a simple and effectivemethod to boost the performance of convergedneural machine translation models. The calculation is cheap to perform and the fact thatthe translation improvement almost comes forfree, makes it widely adopted in neural machine translation research. Despite the popularity, the method itself simply takes the mean ofthe model parameters from several checkpoints,the selection of which is mostly based on empirical recipes without many justifications. In thiswork, we revisit the concept of checkpoint averaging and consider several extensions. Specifically, we experiment with ideas such as usingdifferent checkpoint selection strategies, calculating weighted average instead of simplemean, making use of gradient information andfine-tuning the interpolation weights on development data. Our results confirm the necessityof applying checkpoint averaging for optimalperformance, but also suggest that the landscape between the converged checkpoints israther flat and not much further improvementcompared to simple averaging is to be obtained. © AACL-IJCNLP *** rights reserved

关键词： Neural machine translation

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Local system voting feature for machine translation system combination 10

Local system voting feature for machine translation system c...

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10th Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation, WMT 2015 at the 2015 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural language Processing, EMNLP 2015

作者： Freitag, Markus Peter, Jan-Thorsten Peitz, Stephan Feng, Minwei Ney, Hermann Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group Computer Science Department Rwth Aachen University AachenD-52056 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781941643327

In this paper, we enhance the traditional confusion network system combination approach with an additional model trained by a neural network. This work is motivated by the fact that the commonly used binary system voting models only assign each input system a global weight which is responsible for the global impact of each input system on all translations. This prevents individual systems with low system weights from having influence on the system combination output, although in some situations this could be helpful. Further, words which have only been seen by one or few systems rarely have a chance of being present in the combined output. We train a local system voting model by a neural network which is based on the words themselves and the combinatorial occurrences of the different system outputs. This gives system combination the option to prefer other systems at different word positions even for the same sentence. © EMNLP 2015. All rights reserved.

关键词： Natural language processing systems

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The RWTH Aachen University English-German and German-English Unsupervised Neural Machine Translation Systems for WMT 2018 3

The RWTH Aachen University English-German and German-English...

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3rd Conference on Machine Translation, WMT 2018 at the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural language Processing, EMNLP 2018

作者： Graça, Miguel Kim, Yunsu Schamper, Julian Geng, Jiahui Ney, Hermann Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University AachenD-52056 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781948087810

This paper describes the unsupervised neural machine translation (NMT) systems of the RWTH Aachen University developed for the English ↔ German news translation task of the EMNLP 2018 Third Conference on Machine Translation (WMT 2018). Our work is based on iterative back-translation using a shared encoder-decoder NMT model. We extensively compare different vocabulary types, word embedding initialization schemes and optimization methods for our model. We also investigate gating and weight normalization for the word embedding layer. ©2018 Association for Computational Linguistics

关键词： Neural machine translation

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Improving Neural language Models with Weight Norm Initialization and Regularization 3

Improving Neural Language Models with Weight Norm Initializa...

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3rd Conference on Machine Translation, WMT 2018 at the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural language Processing, EMNLP 2018

作者： Herold, Christian Gao, Yingbo Ney, Hermann Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University AachenD-52056 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781948087810

Embedding and projection matrices are commonly used in neural language models (NLM) as well as in other sequence processing networks that operate on large vocabularies. We examine such matrices in fine-tuned language models and observe that a NLM learns word vectors whose norms are related to the word frequencies. We show that by initializing the weight norms with scaled log word counts, together with other techniques, lower perplexities can be obtained in early epochs of training. We also introduce a weight norm regularization loss term, whose hyperparameters are tuned via a grid search. With this method, we are able to significantly improve perplexities on two word-level language modeling tasks (without dynamic evaluation): from 54.44 to 53.16 on Penn Treebank (PTB) and from 61.45 to 60.13 on WikiText-2 (WT2). © 2018 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Modeling languages

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The rwth aachen german-english machine translation system for WMT 2014 9

The rwth aachen german-english machine translation system fo...

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9th Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation, WMT 2014 at the 52nd Conference of the Associationfor Computational Linguistics, ACL 2014

作者： Peitz, Stephan Wuebker, Joern Freitag, Markus Ney, Hermann Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University AachenD-52056 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781941643174

This paper describes the statistical machine translation (SMT) systems developed at RWTH Aachen University for the German!English translation task of the ACL 2014 Eighth Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation (WMT 2014). Both hierarchical and phrase-based SMT systems are applied employing hierarchical phrase reordering and word class language models. For the phrase-based system, we run discriminative phrase training. In addition, we describe our preprocessing pipeline for German!English. © Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics 2014.

关键词： computer aided language translation

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The RWTH Aachen Machine Translation System for WMT 2013 8

The RWTH Aachen Machine Translation System for WMT 2013

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8th Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation, WMT 2013

作者： Peitz, Stephan Mansour, Saab Peter, Jan-Thorsten Schmidt, Christoph Wuebker, Joern Huck, Matthias Freitag, Markus Ney, Hermann Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University AachenD-52056 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781937284572

This paper describes the statistical machine translation (SMT) systems developed at RWTH Aachen University for the translation task of the ACL 2013 Eighth Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation (WMT 2013). We participated in the evaluation campaign for the French-English and German-English language pairs in both translation directions. Both hierarchical and phrase-based SMT systems are applied. A number of different techniques are evaluated, including hierarchical phrase reordering, translation model interpolation, domain adaptation techniques, weighted phrase extraction, word class language model, continuous space language model and system combination. By application of these methods we achieve considerable improvements over the respective baseline systems. © 2013 Association for Computational Linguistics

关键词： Machine translation

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The RWTH Aachen Machine Translation System for WMT 2012 7

The RWTH Aachen Machine Translation System for WMT 2012

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7th Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation, WMT 2012, immediately following the Conference of the North-American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics - human language Technologies, NAACL HLT 2012

作者： Huck, Matthias Peitz, Stephan Freitag, Markus Nuhn, Malte Ney, Hermann Computer Science Department Human Language Technology And Pattern Recognition Group Rwth Aachen University AachenD-52056 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781937284206

This paper describes the statistical machine translation (SMT) systems developed at RWTH Aachen University for the translation task of the NAACL 2012 Seventh Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation (WMT 2012). We participated in the evaluation campaign for the French-English and German-English language pairs in both translation directions. Both hierarchical and phrase-based SMT systems are applied. A number of different techniques are evaluated, including an insertion model, different lexical smoothing methods, a discriminative reordering extension for the hierarchical system, reverse translation, and system combination. By application of these methods we achieve considerable improvements over the respective baseline systems. ©2012 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Hierarchical systems

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