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Differences in pointing task performance between preschool children and adults using mice

ACM Transactions on computer-human interaction 2004年第4期11卷 357-386页

作者： Hourcade, Juan Pablo Bederson, Benjamin B. Druin, Allison Guimbretière, François University of Maryland Usability Laboratory Stastical Reasearch Division U.S. Census Bureau 4700 Silver Hill Road Washington DC 20233-0001 Hum.-Computer Interaction Laboratory College of Information Studies University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 Department of Computer Science Inst. for Advanced Computer Studies University of Maryland College Park MD 20742

Several experiments by psychologists and human factors researchers have shown that when young children execute pointing tasks, they perform at levels below older children and adults. However, these experiments have not provided user interface designers with an understanding of the severity or the nature of the difficulties young children have when using input devices. To address this need, we conducted a study to gain a better understanding of 4 and 5 year-old children's use of mice. We compared the performance of thirteen 4 year-olds, thirteen 5 year-olds and thirteen young adults in point-and-click tasks. Plots of the paths taken by the participants show severe differences between adults' and preschool children's ability to control the mouse. We were not surprised then to find age had a significant effect on accuracy, target reentry, and efficiency. We also found that target size had a significant effect on accuracy and target reentry. Measuring movement time at four different times (first entering target, last entering target, pressing button, releasing button) yielded the result that Fitts' law models children well only up to the time they first enter the target. Overall, we found that the difference between the performance of children and adults was large enough to warrant user interface interactions designed specifically for preschool children. The results additionally suggest that children need the most help once they get close to targets.

关键词： human computer interaction

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NetLens: Iterative Exploration of Content-Actor Network Data

NetLens: Iterative Exploration of Content-Actor Network Data

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IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics science and Technology (VAST)

作者： Hyunmo Kang Catherine Plaisant Bongshin Lee Benjamin B. Bederson Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory Institute for Advanced Computer Studies University of Maryland USA Computer Science Department Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) Laboratory Canada

Networks have remained a challenge for information retrieval and visualization because of the rich set of tasks that users want to accomplish. This paper offers an abstract content-actor network data model, a classification of tasks, and a tool to support them. The NetLens interface was designed around the abstract content-actor network data model to allow users to pose a series of elementary queries and iteratively refine visual overviews and sorted lists. This enables the support of complex queries that are traditionally hard to specify. NetLens is general and scalable in that it applies to any dataset that can be represented with our abstract data model. This paper describes NetLens applying a subset of the ACM Digital Library consisting of about 4,000 papers from the CM I conference written by about 6,000 authors. In addition, we are now working on a collection of half a million emails, and a dataset of legal cases

关键词： Data visualization Software libraries Data models Displays User interfaces Law Legal factors Graphical user interfaces Visual analytics Laboratories

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DateLens: a fisheye calendar interface for PDAs

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interactions 2004年第4期11卷 9–10页

作者： Benjamin B. Bederson Aaron Clamage Mary P. Czerwinski George G. Robertson Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory Computer Science Department University of Maryland College Park Microsoft Research

No abstract available.

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Data structures for dynamic queries: An analytical and experimental evaluation 94

Data structures for dynamic queries: An analytical and exper...

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Workshop on Advanced Visual Interfaces, AVI 1994

作者： Jain, Vinit Shneiderman, Ben Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory Department of Computer Science University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 United States Institute for Systems Research University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0897917332

Dynamic Queries is a querying technique for doing range search on multi-key data sets. It is a direct manipulation mechanism where the query is formulated using graphical widgets and the results are displayed graphically preferably within 100 milliseconds. This paper evaluates four data structures, the multilist, the grid file, k-d tree and the quad tree used to organize data in high speed storage for dynamic queries. The effect of factors like size, distribution and dimensionality of data on the storage overhead and the speed of search is explored. Analytical models for estimating the storage and the search overheads are presented, and verified to be correct by empirical data. Results indicate that multilists are suitable for small (few thousand points) data sets irrespective of the data distribution. For large data sets the grid files are excellent for uniformly distributed data, and trees are good for skewed data distributions. There was no significant difference in performance between the tree structures. © 1994 ACM.

关键词： Data structures

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DVP: Data visualization platform

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Yousefa, Waleed A. Abouelkahire, Ahmed A. Marzouk, Omar S. Mohame, Sameh K Alaggan, Mohammad Human Computer Interaction Laboratory HCI Lab Computer Science Department Faculty of Computers and Information Helwan University

We identify two major steps in data analysis, data exploration for understanding and observing patterns/relationships in data;and construction, design and assessment of various models to formalize these relationships. For each step, there exists a large set of tools and software. For the first step, many visualization tools exist, such as, GGobi, Parallax, and Crystal Vision, and most recently tableau and plottly. For the second step, many Scientific Computing Environments (SCEs) exist, such as, Matlab, Mathematica, R and Python. However, there does not exist a tool which allows for seamless two-way interaction between visualization tools and SCEs. We have designed and implemented a data visualization platform (DVP) with an architecture and design that attempts to bridge this gap. DVP connects seamlessly to SCEs to bring the computational capabilities to the visualization methods in a single coherent platform. DVP is designed with two interfaces, the desktop stand alone version and the online interface. To illustrate the power of DVP design, a free demo for the online interface of DVP is available [1] and very low-level design details are explained in this article. Since DVP was launched, circa 2012, the present manuscript was not published since today for commercialization and patent considerations. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Data visualization

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Representing unevenly-spaced time series data for visualization and interactive exploration

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1st International Conference on Advanced Data Mining and Applications, ADMA 2005

作者： Aris, Aleks Shneiderman, Ben Plaisant, Catherine Shmueli, Galit Jank, Wolfgang Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies Department of Decision and Information Technologies Robert H. Smith School of Business University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 United States

ISBN: (纸本)3540289437

Visualizing time series is useful to support discovery of relations and patterns in financial, genomic, medical and other applications. Often, measurements are equally spaced over time. We discuss the challenges of unevenly-spaced time series and present four representation methods: sampled events, aggregated sampled events, event index and interleaved event index. We developed these methods while studying eBay auction data with TimeSearcher. We describe the advantages, disadvantages, choices for algorithms and parameters, and compare the different methods for different tasks. interaction issues such as screen resolution, response time for dynamic queries, and learnability are governed by these decisions. © IFIP International Federation for information Processing 2005.

关键词： Interactive computer systems

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On the combination of two visual cognition systems using combinatorial fusion

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Brain Informatics 2015年第1期2卷 21-32页

作者： Batallones, Amy Sanchez, Kilby Mott, Brian Coffran, Cameron Frank Hsu, D. Laboratory of Informatics and Data Mining Department of Computer and Information Science Fordham University New YorkNY United States Program for the Human Environment The Rockefeller University New YorkNY United States

When combining decisions made by two separate visual cognition systems, statistical means such as simple average (M1) and weighted average (M2 and M3), incorporating the confidence level of each of these systems have been used. Although combination using these means can improve each of the individual systems, it is not known when and why this can happen. By extending a visual cognition system to become a scoring system based on each of the statistical means M1, M2, and M3 respectively, the problem of combining visual cognition systems is transformed to the problem of combining multiple scoring systems. In this paper, we examine the combined results in terms of performance and diversity using combinatorial fusion, and study the issue of when and why a combined system can be better than individual systems. A data set from an experiment with twelve trials is analyzed. The findings demonstrated that combination of two visual cognition systems, based on weighted means M2 or M3, can improve each of the individual systems only when both of them have relatively good performance and they are diverse. © 2015, The Author(s).

关键词： Decision making

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Design and evaluation of incremental data structures and algorithms for dynamic query interfaces

Design and evaluation of incremental data structures and alg...

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IEEE Symposium on information Visualization (INFOVIS)

作者： E. Tanin R. Beigel B. Shneiderman Human Computer Interaction Laboratory Department of Computer Science University of Maryland USA

A dynamic query interface (DQI) is a database access mechanism that provides continuous real-time feedback to the user during query formulation. Previous work shows that DQIs are elegant and powerful interfaces to small databases. Unfortunately, when applied to large databases, previous DQI algorithms slow to a crawl. We present a new incremental approach to DQI algorithms and display updates that work well with large databases, both in theory and in practice.

关键词： Algorithm design and analysis Data structures Heuristic algorithms Displays Visual databases NASA computer science Feedback Data visualization Bars

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LabelEase: A Semi-Automatic Tool for Efficient and Accurate Trace Labeling in Microservices 35

LabelEase: A Semi-Automatic Tool for Efficient and Accurate ...

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35th IEEE International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering, ISSRE 2024

作者： Zhang, Shenglin Che, Zeyu Pan, Zhongjie Nie, Xiaohui Sun, Yongqian Pan, Lemeng Pei, Dan Nankai University China Haihe Laboratory of Information Technology Application Innovation China Chinese Academy of Sciences Computer Network Information Center China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Software Experience and Human Computer Interaction China Huawei China Tsinghua University Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353884

Trace data is crucial for system observability and maintainability within microservices architectures, and many operation algorithms depend heavily on trace data, including anomaly detection, root cause analysis, etc. However, the actual performance of these algorithms might be unsatisfactory due to the absence of high-quality labeled datasets for effective training and evaluation. Since billions of traces could be generated daily for large-scale microservices, labeling overhead is the main hurdle to obtaining high-quality trace *** this paper, we propose LabelEase, a novel semi-Automatic trace labeling tool, which uses active learning techniques to achieve efficient and accurate trace labeling. For anomaly trace labeling, LabelEase clusters similar traces with a graph-based trace representation technique and selects a few representative traces for human labeling, avoiding labeling most of the traces. For root cause labeling, LabelEase aggregates the labeled anomalous traces and identifies the service's failures for operators to label. Our systematic experiments on two large-scale datasets show that LabelEase achieves over 0.98 F1-score in anomaly trace labeling and 0.89 precision of failure detection in root cause labeling, LabelEase can reduce operators' labeling overhead by more than 99.9%. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to propose a semi-Automatic trace labeling tool capable of achieving efficient and accurate trace labeling. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Labeled data

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Designing a humorous workplace: Improving and retaining employee’s happiness

Designing a humorous workplace: Improving and retaining empl...

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International Conference on Affective and Pleasurable Design, 2016

作者： Andujar, Marvin Nijholt, Anton Gilbert, Juan E. Computer and Information Science and Engineering Department University of Florida GainesvilleFL United States Human Media Interaction University of Twente Enschede Netherlands Imagineering Institute Iskandar Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9783319416601

In this paper, we discuss the possibilities of adapting humorous smart technologies to the workplace. Also, we discuss the precautions that need to be taken when introducing the theories of humor. We explore adapting the theories of humor and the pros and cons of integrating it in the workplace. We believe the adaptation of this technology will help current and future employees at companies to improve and retain their happiness. We also provide a brief explanation of the different types of humorous technologies: mobile, physical, and virtual and how they can be beneficial in the workplace. Suggestions of how to evaluate these systems are also provided. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017.

关键词： human computer interaction

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