We investigate cognitive factors that are predictive of learning gains when students learn to solve equations by teaching a synthetic peer, called SimStudent. Previous empirical studies showed that prior knowledge is ...
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We investigate cognitive factors that are predictive of learning gains when students learn to solve equations by teaching a synthetic peer, called SimStudent. Previous empirical studies showed that prior knowledge is strongly predictive of post-test scores. However, in a recent study in the Philippines that replicated our previous study in the USA, there were students with low priorknowledge who tutored their SimStudent better than other equally low prior students. In this paper, we analyze both process data (tutoring interactions) and outcome data (test scores) to understand what makes learning by teaching more effective. The results imply a presence of individual behavioral differences beyond the difference in the prior knowledge that might have affected SimStudent's learning, which in turn had non-trivial influence on tutor learning.
Focus in natural language processing is used to keep track of the attentional space of the participants in the dialogue. Graphical interfaces have still to benefit from the use of this level of communication. We discu...
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Sentiment analysis often relies on a semantic orientation lexicon of positive and negative words. A number of approaches have been proposed for creating such lexicons, but they tend to be computationally expensive, an...
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Several experiments by psychologists and human factors researchers have shown that when young children execute pointing tasks, they perform at levels below older children and adults. However, these experiments have no...
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Several experiments by psychologists and human factors researchers have shown that when young children execute pointing tasks, they perform at levels below older children and adults. However, these experiments have not provided user interface designers with an understanding of the severity or the nature of the difficulties young children have when using input devices. To address this need, we conducted a study to gain a better understanding of 4 and 5 year-old children's use of mice. We compared the performance of thirteen 4 year-olds, thirteen 5 year-olds and thirteen young adults in point-and-click tasks. Plots of the paths taken by the participants show severe differences between adults' and preschool children's ability to control the mouse. We were not surprised then to find age had a significant effect on accuracy, target reentry, and efficiency. We also found that target size had a significant effect on accuracy and target reentry. Measuring movement time at four different times (first entering target, last entering target, pressing button, releasing button) yielded the result that Fitts' law models children well only up to the time they first enter the target. Overall, we found that the difference between the performance of children and adults was large enough to warrant user interface interactions designed specifically for preschool children. The results additionally suggest that children need the most help once they get close to targets.
Networks have remained a challenge for information retrieval and visualization because of the rich set of tasks that users want to accomplish. This paper offers an abstract content-actor network data model, a classifi...
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Networks have remained a challenge for information retrieval and visualization because of the rich set of tasks that users want to accomplish. This paper offers an abstract content-actor network data model, a classification of tasks, and a tool to support them. The NetLens interface was designed around the abstract content-actor network data model to allow users to pose a series of elementary queries and iteratively refine visual overviews and sorted lists. This enables the support of complex queries that are traditionally hard to specify. NetLens is general and scalable in that it applies to any dataset that can be represented with our abstract data model. This paper describes NetLens applying a subset of the ACM Digital Library consisting of about 4,000 papers from the CM I conference written by about 6,000 authors. In addition, we are now working on a collection of half a million emails, and a dataset of legal cases
Dynamic Queries is a querying technique for doing range search on multi-key data sets. It is a direct manipulation mechanism where the query is formulated using graphical widgets and the results are displayed graphica...
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We identify two major steps in data analysis, data exploration for understanding and observing patterns/relationships in data;and construction, design and assessment of various models to formalize these relationships....
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Visualizing time series is useful to support discovery of relations and patterns in financial, genomic, medical and other applications. Often, measurements are equally spaced over time. We discuss the challenges of un...
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When combining decisions made by two separate visual cognition systems, statistical means such as simple average (M1) and weighted average (M2 and M3), incorporating the confidence level of each of these systems have ...
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