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Buried organic interlayer for high-performance and stable wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2025年 509卷

作者： Kim, Haeun Lee, Soo Yeon Park, Hansol Heo, Jihyeon Kim, Hakjun Kim, Yoonsung Prayogo, Juan Anthony Kim, Young-Hoon Whang, Dong Ryeol Chang, Dong Wook Park, Hui Joon Hanyang Univ Dept Organ & Nano Engn Seoul 04763 South Korea Hanyang Univ Human Tech Convergence Program Seoul 04763 South Korea Pukyong Natl Univ Dept Energy & Chem Mat Engn Busan 48513 South Korea Pukyong Natl Univ CECS Core Res Inst Busan 48513 South Korea Hanyang Univ Dept Semicond Engn Seoul 04763 South Korea Hanyang Univ Dept Energy Engn Seoul 04763 South Korea Hannam Univ Dept Adv Mat Daejeon 34054 South Korea Hanyang Univ Inst Nano Sci & Technol Seoul 04763 South Korea

The development of wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is essential for advancing tandem solar cell technologies that exceed the Shockley-Queisser limit. In this study, two novel pyrazino[2,3-g]quinoxaline (PQ)based organic interlayers, PQ-H-H and PQ-H-F, were strategically designed and integrated at the interface between NiOx hole transport layer and the wide-bandgap perovskite layer. This incorporation aimed to improve the built-in potential of PSC through deeper highest occupied molecular orbital level and strong dipole moment of interlayer and enhance perovskite film quality through the passivation of defects and the formation of larger grains with higher crystallinity. The PSC devices incorporating PQ-H-F interlayer demonstrated the most pronounced improvement, achieving power conversion efficiency increase from 17.5 % to 20.1 %. Additionally, the incorporation of PQ-H-F effectively mitigated hysteresis and significantly improved long-term stability, retaining 90 % of the initial PCE after 500 h under ambient conditions. These results highlight the potential of PQ-based organic interlayers as a robust strategy to enhance both the performance and durability of wide-bandgap PSCs, thereby offering a pathway toward the realization of high-efficiency tandem solar cells.

关键词： Perovskite solar cell Wide-bandgap Defect-passivation Organic hole transport material Interlayer

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Morphological effect on high-voltage insulation properties in polypropylene/elastomer binary blends: An experimental and simulation study

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POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY 2025年 234卷

作者： Lee, Oh-Uk Kwon, Taehoon Normansah, Nazirul Mubin bin Kim, Do-Kyun Kwon, Yong Jin Kim, Min Ji Lee, Dae Ho Kwon, Ik Su Eom, Youngho Kim, Hana Kozako, Masahiro Kim, Minhee Yu, Seunggun Korea Electrotechnol Res Inst Insulat Mat Res Ctr Chang Won 51543 South Korea Univ Sci & Technol Electrofunct Mat Engn Chang Won 51543 South Korea DL Chem Daejeon R&D Ctr Daejeon South Korea Hanyang Univ Dept Organ & Nano Engn Human Tech Convergence Program Seoul 04763 South Korea Korea Electrotechnol Res Inst Power Cable Res Ctr Chang Won 51543 South Korea Kyushu Inst Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Fukuoka 8048550 Japan Korea Electrotechnol Res Inst Ecofriendly Power Apparat Res Ctr Chang Won 51543 South Korea

Polypropylene (PP)/elastomer blends have been widely studied as promising insulation materials for highvoltage (HV) power cables. Among various factors, the size of elastomer domains critically influences their electrical insulation performance, such as resistivity and breakdown strength (BDS). However, this relationship remains poorly understood. This study investigates the effect of the polyolefin elastomer (POE) domain size on the high-voltage insulation properties of the PP/POE blend. The binary blends were prepared through meltblending of the PP and POE at the different mixing temperature from 185 to 235 degrees C. As an increase of the mixing temperature, the size of dispersed POE domain was linearly increased due to the viscosity differences between the PP and POE. In addition, the tensile strength, elongation, volume resistivity, and DC breakdown strength were decreased with mixing temperature, which were thus correlated with the POE domain size. The BDS values derived from simulations were consistent with those calculated via the Power law equation, showing a decline in BDS with increasing mixing temperature. Analysis of electric field distribution and space charge accumulation indicated that smaller POE domains more effectively mitigate electric field imbalances, delaying BD compared to larger domains. This study highlights the significant role of morphology in determining the insulation performance of polymer blends, providing valuable insights for the design of HV insulation materials.

关键词： Polypropylene Polyolefin elastomer Blends Breakdown strength Numerical analysis Space charge

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Upcycling Industrial Biomass Wastes Into Aerogels Using Zinc Chloride Salt Hydrates

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ADVANCED SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS 2025年第4期9卷

作者： Zhang, Mairui Liao, Yang Han, Nara Lee, Seoku Leem, Gyu Kim, Kwang Ho Pan, Xuejun Wie, Jeong Jae Yoo, Chang Geun SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry Dept Chem Engn 1 Forestry Dr Syracuse NY 13202 USA Univ Wisconsin Madison Dept Biol Syst Engn Madison WI 53706 USA Hanyang Univ Dept Organ & Nano Engn Seoul 04763 South Korea Hanyang Univ Human Tech Convergence Program Seoul 04763 South Korea SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry Dept Chem Syracuse NY 13202 USA Michael M Szwarc Polymer Res Inst Syracuse NY 13202 USA Inst Sustainable Mat & Mfg Syracuse NY 13210 USA Univ British Columbia Dept Wood Sci Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada

End-of-life paper products, including food packages and rejected fibers from the paper industry, are unrecyclable biomass wastes and thus generally landfilled or incinerated. One of the major obstacles to their recycling is the existence of impurities besides cellulose fiber in the biomass wastes. In this study, a fabrication method is investigated to upcycle biomass wastes directly into high-performance aerogels without separation of impurities. Surprisingly, this study observes that residual impurities participate in cross-linking reactions for the aerogel formation. In this study, zinc chloride salt hydrate is applied to convert biomass wastes to aerogel via a dissolution-regeneration process. The fabricated aerogels exhibited high water absorption capacity (15 times its weight), as well as comparable mechanical strength and thermal insulation performance to the reported cellulose aerogels. In addition, the impurities (i.e., calcium-based inorganic salt) assisted in the cross-linking of the cellulose network for the aerogel formation. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of the aerogel generated from the rejected fibers showed a honeycomb inner structure. The rejected fiber aerogels also demonstrated a high compressive modulus of 51 MPa and a low thermal conductivity of 0.029 W m-1 K-1. The results for water absorption and thermal insulation suggest excellent potential across various application domains.

关键词： cellulose aerogel mechanical properties salt hydrate thermal insulation water absorption

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Synergistic design of Pickering emulsion inks of nanochitosan-alginate-beeswax for edible coating in fruit preservation

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Food Hydrocolloids 2025年 167卷

作者： Kim, Jinkyung Seo, Jaesik Kim, Hyo Jeong Jeong, Yunho Lee, Hyunjun Park, Chanwook Eom, Youngho Department of Polymer Engineering Pukyong National University Busan48513 Korea Republic of Sustainable Materials Research Team Materials Research and Engineering Center Hyundai Motor Company Gyonggi Uiwang16082 Korea Republic of Department of Organic and Nano Engineering Human-Tech Convergence Program Hanyang University Seoul04763 Korea Republic of

Chitosan nanowhisker (CSW) has attracted attention as a coating agent in packaging applications because of its biocompatibility, anti-bacterial activity, and high gas barrier. However, the poor viscoelasticity of virgin CSW dispersions limits the coating process to spraying or dip-coating at very dilute concentrations. Herein, rheology-engineered CSW inks with improved coating abilities were designed, making them suitable for mass-produced coatings. Given the positive surface charge of CSW, eight types of negatively charged eco-friendly binders were selected, and their efficiency as rheological modifiers was assessed at a CSW:binder weight fraction of 1:1. Among them, three binders, sodium alginate (SA), carboxymethyl cellulose, and guar, simultaneously enhanced the viscoelasticity and homogeneity. Accordingly, the three composite inks exhibit high spreadability in practical coating. Particularly, the CSW/SA coating films exhibited remarkable mechanical properties with strength and toughness of 32.9 MPa and 1.4 MJ m−3, respectively. To apply edible coatings for fruit preservation, beeswax (BW) was mixed with CSW/SA to form Pickering emulsion inks. CSW acts as a Pickering stabilizer in the aqueous BW emulsion, affording it high dispersibility. Owing to its improved hydrophobicity, the edible CSW/SA/BW coating significantly extended the shelf life of bananas and strawberries. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Binders

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Collective and Rapid High Amplitude Magnetic Oscillation of Anisotropic Micropillar Arrays

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ACS NANO 2025年第10期19卷 9946-9957页

作者： Jeon, Jisoo Moon, Hojun Park, Jaeseo Won, Sukyoung Park, Jeong Eun Ku, Zahyun Kim, Jun Oh Wie, Jeong Jae Inha Univ Program Environm & Polymer Engn Incheon 22212 South Korea Hanyang Univ Dept Organ & Nano Engn Seoul 04763 South Korea Hanyang Univ Human Tech Convergence Program Seoul 04763 South Korea Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci Strateg Technol Res Inst Daejeon 34113 South Korea Hanyang Univ Res Inst Ind Sci Seoul 04763 South Korea Air Force Res Lab Mat & Mfg Directorate Wright Patterson AFB OH 45433 USA Hanyang Univ Dept Chem Engn Seoul 04763 South Korea Hanyang Univ Inst Nano Sci & Technol Seoul 04763 South Korea SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry Dept Chem Engn Syracuse NY 13210 USA SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry Michael M Szwarc Polymer Res Inst Syracuse NY 13210 USA

Magnetic soft actuators allow high-frequency shape reconfiguration of the micropillar array by rapid rotation of an external magnetic field;however, viscoelastic soft actuators cannot instantaneously reach an equilibrium deformation state to minimize the magnetic moment at a given short time scale, resulting in a significant reduction of the strain amplitude. Herein, we report high-frequency magnetic oscillation of a micropillar array without significant reduction in frequency or strain amplitude by programming the magnetization direction of hard magnetic microparticles embedded in a soft elastomer. Various oscillatory motions, including bending, twisting, and torsion under time-varying external magnetic fields, are demonstrated via programming the magnetization of anisotropic micropillars. Hybridization of microparticles and nanorods in magnetic composites improves the magnetic amplitude of micropillars through a synergistic effect. The translation of microscopic oscillatory motion into a macroscopic function is achieved by the rapid and large-amplitude magnetically programmable collective deformation of the micropillar array. Collective oscillatory torsion of the micropillar array functions as the legs in a walking robot as well as micropaddles that can program the chirality of the liquid flow. Point- or line-symmetric torsion enables the flow direction (counterclockwise or clockwise) to be programmed according to the direction of applied magnetic field to the micropillar array.

关键词： micropillar magneto-responsive actuator oscillation soft robot fluid control

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Disulfide Glass: An Optical Polymer for Commodity Plastics, Precision Optics, and Photonics

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ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2025年第0期

作者： Molineux, Jake Durfee, Sam W. Hyde, Ramses Malaker, Matthew C. Narr, Jacob P. Kim, Kyung-Jo Himmelhuber, Roland Kim, Young-Jae Bog, Min-Gap Jeong, Byeongjoon Cho, Woongbi Wie, Jeong Jae Krishnan, Nithiyaa Bala Yang, Yi Yan Norwood, Robert A. Pyun, Jeffrey Univ Arizona Dept Chem & Biochem 1306 East Univ Blvd Tucson AZ 85721 USA Univ Arizona Wyant Coll Opt Sci 1630 East Univ Blvd Tucson AZ 85721 USA Y&DK Co Ltd 169-148Gwahak Ro Daejeon 34133 South Korea Hanyang Univ Dept Organ & Nano Engn 222 Wangsimmni Ro Seoul 04763 South Korea Hanyang Univ Human Tech Convergence Program 222 Wangsimmni Ro Seoul 04763 South Korea State Univ New York Coll Environm Sci & Forestry Dept Chem Engn Syracuse NY 13210 USA ASTAR Bioproc Technol Inst 20 Biopolis WayCtr 06 Singapore 138668 Singapore Univ Arizona Coll Engn Dept Mat Sci & Engn 1235 James E Rogers Way Tucson AZ 85719 USA

The development of an organic optical glass, termed, disulfide glass (DSG), is reported as a new polymer for commodity plastic optics and thin film photonic applications. This low-cost thermoset polymer possesses excellent transparency across the visible and infrared spectrum comparable to the best optical plastic to date, poly(methyl methacrylate), while having superior refractive index (n approximate to 1.6). DSG can be fabricated into defect-free, thick optical glass by bulk addition polymerization of two commodity monomers (sulfur monochloride, 1,3,5-triallyl isocyanurate) via a new polymerization, sulfenyl chloride inverse vulcanization. The robust mechanical properties and optical clarity of DSG enable fabrication of precision optics (lenses, prisms) via diamond turn machining to demonstrate the manufacturability of DSG for commodity plastic optics. Finally, the synthetic modularity of DSG is demonstrated to form solution processable forms for the fabrication of thin film polymer photonic devices, negative tone polymer photoresists, and micropatterned arrays.

关键词： optical glass plastic optics polymerization precision optics thermosets

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Magnetic swarm intelligence of mass-produced, programmable microrobot assemblies for versatile task execution

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DEVICE 2025年第4期3卷

作者： Yang, Kijun Won, Sukyoung Park, Jeong Eun Jeon, Jisoo Wie, Jeong Jae Hanyang Univ Dept Organ & Nano Engn 222 Wangsimni Ro Seoul 04763 South Korea Hanyang Univ Human Tech Convergence Program 222 Wangsimni Ro Seoul 04763 South Korea Hanyang Univ Res Inst Ind Sci 222 Wangsimni Ro Seoul 04763 South Korea Inha Univ Program Environm & Polymer Engn 100 Inha Ro Incheon 22212 South Korea Hanyang Univ Dept Chem Engn 222 Wangsimni Ro Seoul 04763 South Korea Hanyang Univ Inst Nano Sci & Technol 222 Wangsimni Ro Seoul 04763 South Korea SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry Dept Chem Engn 1 Forestry Dr Syracuse NY 13210 USA SUNY Michael M Szwarc Polymer Res Inst Coll Environm Sci & Forestry 1 Forestry Dr Syracuse NY 13210 USA

Battery-and sensor-free actuation of microrobots complicates heterarchical inter-robot communication. Herein, swarm intelligence of magnetically anisotropic microrobots is presented via the programming of magnetic interactions between the microrobots to self-assemble along their longitudinal, intermediate, or horizontal axis. Mass production is implemented through in situ replica molding and magnetization for hundreds of anisotropic microrobots on a single microarray mold. Under a rotating magnetic field, the anisotropic microrobots autonomously engage in local magnetic interactions, forming a swarm with a high aspect ratio, high packing density, or high assembly stiffness. The microrobot swarms are deployed to perform self-climbing, self-throwing over an obstacle, lifting of an obstacle, cargo transportation, wire connection and disconnection, liquid metal shape modification, tube unclogging, and organism guiding. The versatile task execution by mass-produced magnetic microrobots offers insights into high-throughput processing and swarm control of miniaturized robots, expanding the functional capabilities of robot collectives.

关键词： microrobot swarms swarm intelligences magnetic actuations mass productions programming assembly configurations magnetic microrobots microrobots

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Association between the appendicular skeletal muscle mass-to-visceral fat area ratio and bone mineral density and osteoporosis: A cross-sectional study

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Experimental Gerontology 2025年 206卷 112772页

作者： Liu, Jiao Ji, Fujue Lee, Haesung Kim, Jong-Hee Major in Sport Science Division of Sport Industry and Science College of Performing Arts and Sport Hanyang University 222 Wangsimni-ro Seongdong-gu Seoul 04763 South Korea BK21 FOUR Human-Tech Convergence Program Hanyang University 222 Wangsimni-ro Seongdong-gu 004763 South Korea

Objective: This cross-sectional study investigated the association between appendicular skeletal muscle mass-to-visceral fat area ratio (SVR), bone mineral density (BMD), and osteoporosis in U.S. adults using NHANES data. Methods: Data from the 2013–2014 and 2017–2018 NHANES cycles were analyzed. Multivariable regression models assessed associations between SVR, BMD, and osteoporosis, adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, metabolic, and comorbidity variables. Generalized Additive Models with smooth curve fitting and likelihood ratio tests evaluated model fit. Subgroup analyses explored effect modifications. Results: The study included 2325 individuals with a mean age of 50.66 ± 5.55 years. In fully adjusted models, the highest SVR tertile was associated with a 0.05 g/cm² higher BMD (β = 0.05, 95 % CI: 0.03–0.08, P = 0.002) and 57 % lower odds of osteoporosis (OR = 0.43, 95 % CI: 0.24–0.78, P = 0.028) than the lowest tertile. As a continuous variable, SVR remained significantly associated with BMD (β = 0.03, 95 % CI: 0.02–0.04, P = 0.002) and osteoporosis (OR = 0.67, 95 % CI: 0.50–0.91, P = 0.033). Stronger associations were found in individuals with diabetes (β = 0.09, 95 % CI: 0.06–0.12, P < 0.01) and BMI ≥ 30 (β = 0.07, 95 % CI: 0.05–0.09, P < 0.01). Conclusion: Higher SVR was significantly associated with increased BMD and lower odds of osteoporosis, suggesting its potential as a marker for bone health assessment. However, the cross-sectional design limits causal inference. Further longitudinal and mechanistic studies are warranted to confirm these findings and explore clinical applicability. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Appendicular skeletal muscle mass-to-visceral fat area ratio Bone mineral density Cross-sectional study Osteoporosis Visceral fat area ratio

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Relations among consumer boycotts, country affinity, and global brands: The moderating effect of subjective norms

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ASIA PACIFIC MANAGEMENT REVIEW 2025年第1期30卷

作者： Kim, Changju Kim, Woo Bin Lee, Seong Ho Baek, Eunsoo Yan, Xiuyan Yeon, Jiyeon Yoo, Yunjung Kang, Sangmin Ritsumeikan Univ Coll Business Adm 2-150 Iwakura Ibaraki Osaka 5678570 Japan Cornell Univ Coll Human Ecol 3422 Martha Van Rensselaer Hall Ithaca NY 14853 USA Hanbat Natl Univ Dept Business Adm 125 Dongseo Daero Daejeon 34158 South Korea Hanyang Univ Human Tech Convergence Program 222 Wangsimni Ro Seoul 04763 South Korea Hanyang Univ Dept Clothing & Text 222 Wangsimni Ro Seoul 04763 South Korea Hiroshima Shudo Univ Fac Commercial Sci 1-1-1 OzukahigashiAsaminami Ku Hiroshima Japan Yonsei Univ Grad Sch Informat 50 Yonsei Ro Seoul 03722 South Korea Chosun Biz Life Econ News 135 Sejong Daero Seoul 04519 South Korea Aomori Chuo Gakuin Univ Fac Management & Law 12 Kanda Aomori Aomori 0300132 Japan

This study examines the impact of consumer boycotts on global brand strength by investigating country affinity and subjective norms. We analyze longitudinal data from South Korea over three years and test the moderated mediation hypothesis using the PROCESS macro. We show that consumer boycotts negatively affect brand strength indirectly by reducing country affinity across all years. We observed a significant negative moderated mediation effect of subjective norms only in 2020, the initial year of South Korean boycotts of Japanese products. Unlike prior literature focusing on boycott motivations, this study provides insights into the effects of actual boycotts on global brands, emphasizing country affinity and subjective norms in a longitudinal context. (c) 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of College of Management, National Cheng Kung University. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://***/licenses/ by/4.0/).

关键词： Consumer boycotts Brand strength Country affinity Subjective norms International conflict

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Photopolymer Resins from Sulfenyl Chloride Commodity Chemicals for Plastic Optics, Photopatterning and 3D-Printing

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ADVANCED MATERIALS 2025年第14期37卷 e2418149页

作者： Olikagu, Chisom Khoshsorour, Shafagh Dulam, Satya D. Yu, Hyun-Seok Graham, Natasha A. Kim, Kyung-Jo Jeong, Byeongjoon Hedrick, James L. Bunnag-Stoner, Amber Cheng, Kimberley Batchelor, Benjamin L. Cho, Woongbi Park, Seung Bin Wie, Jeong Jae Kim, Young-Jae Bog, Min-Gap Krishnan, Nithiyaa Bala Yang, Yi Yan Njardarson, Jon T. Norwood, Robert A. Pyun, Jeffrey Univ Arizona Dept Chem & Biochem 1306 East Univ Blvd Tucson AZ 85721 USA Univ Arizona JC Wyant Coll Opt Sci 1630 East Univ Blvd Tucson AZ 85721 USA Azul 3D 8111 St Louis Ave 2 Chicago IL 60076 USA Hanyang Univ Dept Organ & Nano Engn 222 Wangsimmni Ro Seoul 04763 South Korea Hanyang Univ Human Tech Convergence Program 222 Wangsimmni Ro Seoul 04763 South Korea SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry Dept Chem Engn Syracuse NY 13210 USA Y&DK Co Ltd 169148 Gwahak Ro Daejeon 34133 South Korea ASTAR Bioproc technol Inst 20 Biopolis WayCentros 06-01 Singapore 138668 Singapore Univ Arizona Coll Engn Dept Mat Sci & Engn 1235 James E Rogers Way Tucson AZ 85719 USA

The development of a low-cost photopolymer resin to fabricate optical glass of high refractive index for plastic optics is reported. This new free radically polymerizable photopolymer resin, termed, disulfide methacrylate resin (DSMR) is synthesized by the direct addition of allyl methacrylate to a commodity sulfur petrochemical, sulfur monochloride (S2Cl2). The rapid rates of free radical photopolymerization confer significant advantages in preparing high-quality, bulk optical glass. The low-cost, optical glass produced from this photopolymer possesses a desirable combination of high refractive index (n approximate to 1.57-1.59), low birefringence (Delta n < 10(-4)), high glass transition values (T-g approximate to 100 degrees C), along with optical transparency rivaling, or exceeding that of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as indicated by very low optical absorption coefficients (alpha < 0.05 cm(-1) at 1310 nm) measured for thick glass DSMR photopolymer samples (diameter (D) = 25 mm;thickness = 1-30 mm). The versatile manufacturability of DSMR photopolymers for both molding and diamond turn machining methods is demonstrated to prepare precision optics and nano-micropatterned arrays. Finally, large-scale 3D printing vat photopolymerization of DSMR using high-area rapid printing digital light processing additive manufacturing is demonstrated.

关键词： 3D-printing high refractive index optics photopolymers

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