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arXiv 2024年

作者： Dengler, Nils Del Aguila Ferrandis, Juan Moura, João Vijayakumar, Sethu Bennewitz, Maren Humanoid Robots Lab University of Bonn Germany School of Informatics The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom The Alan Turing Institute London United Kingdom The Lamarr Institute Bonn Germany The Center for Robotics University of Bonn Germany

In complex scenarios where typical pick-and-place techniques are insufficient, often non-prehensile manipulation can ensure that a robot is able to fulfill its task. However, non-prehensile manipulation is challenging due to its underactuated nature with hybrid-dynamics, where a robot needs to reason about an object’s long-term behavior and contact-switching, while being robust to contact uncertainty. The presence of clutter in the workspace further complicates this task, introducing the need to include more advanced spatial analysis to avoid unwanted collisions. Building upon prior work on reinforcement learning with multimodal categorical exploration for planar pushing, we propose to incorporate location-based attention to enable robust manipulation in cluttered scenes. Unlike previous approaches addressing this obstacle avoiding pushing task, our framework requires no predefined global paths and considers the desired target orientation of the manipulated object. Experimental results in simulation as well as with a real KUKA iiwa robot arm demonstrate that our learned policy manipulates objects successfully while avoiding collisions through complex obstacle configurations, including dynamic obstacles, to reach the desired target pose. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Robotic arms

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Context-Based Meta Reinforcement Learning for Robust and Adaptable Peg-in-Hole Assembly Tasks

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Shokry, Ahmed Gomaa, Walid Zaenker, Tobias Dawood, Murad Maged, Shady A. Awad, Mohammed I. Bennewitz, Maren Humanoid Robots Lab University of Bonn the Center for Robotics Bonn Germany Lamarr Institute for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence Bonn Germany Cyber Physical Systems Lab Egypt Japan University of Science and Technology Alexandria Egypt Faculty of Engineering Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt Mechatronics Department Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt

Peg-in-hole assembly in unknown environments is a challenging task due to onboard sensor errors, which result in uncertainty and variations in task parameters such as the hole position and orientation. Meta Reinforcement Learning (Meta RL) has been proposed to mitigate this problem as it learns how to quickly adapt to new tasks with different parameters. However, previous approaches either depend on a sample-inefficient procedure or human demonstrations to perform the task in the real world. Our work modifies the data used by the Meta RL agent and uses simple features that can be easily measured in the real world even with an uncalibrated camera. We further adapt the Meta RL agent to use data from a force/torque sensor, instead of the camera, to perform the assembly, using a small amount of training data. Finally, we propose a fine-tuning method that consistently and safely adapts to out-of-distribution tasks with parameters that differ by a factor of 10 from the training tasks. Our results demonstrate that the proposed data modification significantly enhances the training and adaptation efficiency and enables the agent to achieve 100% success in tasks with different hole positions and orientations. Experiments on a real robot confirm that both camera- and force/torque sensor-equipped agents achieve 100% success in tasks with unknown hole positions, matching their simulation performance and validating the approach’s robustness and applicability. Compared to the previous work with sample-inefficient adaptation, our proposed methods are 10 times more sample-efficient in the real-world tasks. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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