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A New Active Sonar Detector Based on Beamformed Deep Neural Network

IEEE Journal of Oceanic engineering 2025年第2期50卷 1370-1386页

作者： Peng, Cong Wang, Lei Gao, Juncheng Zhang, Shuhao Ji, Haoran National Electric Energy Transformation and Control Engineering Technology Research Center College of Electrical Engineering Hunan University Changsha410082 China School of Physics and Electronics Hunan Normal University Changsha410081 China

This article proposes a new active sonar detector based on a beamformed deep neural network (BDNN) in three steps. The process involves a preprocessing step, a deep neural network (DNN) application step, and a subsequent postprocessing step. In the preprocessing step, partial spectra are extracted from multiple directions through frequency-domain beamforming. These partial spectra from different directions serve as DNN input, yielding estimated target probabilities as output in the DNN application step. In the postprocessing step, a multiframe probability multiplication technique is proposed, and the number of frames is determined adaptively. The proposed BDNN generates a gridded azimuth-distance graph, where each grid cell represents the probability of a target's presence at a specific azimuth and distance. To guarantee real-time application, we also propose a graphics processing unit based parallel acceleration method, which increases the computation speed of the beamforming process by nearly two orders of magnitude compared to the CPU. The proposed BDNN is verified through sea and lake trials. The results demonstrate that the proposed BDNN achieves better detection performance compared to the conventional matched filter method and exhibits remarkable generalization capabilities. © 1976-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Frequency domain analysis

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Investigation into enhanced performance of toluene and Hg^(0) stimulative abatement over Cr-Mn oxides co-modified columnar activated coke

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第2期148卷 88-106页

作者： Jiajie Wang Jie Liu Lei Gao Dong Xie Caiting Li Liping Xiang Huiyu Xiong Jiaqi Xie Tianren Zhang Yueguo Pan School of Resources Environment and Safety Engineering University of South ChinaHengyang 421001China National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Airborne Pollutants Control and Radioactivity Protection in Buildings Hengyang 421001China Key Laboratory of Prefabricated Building Energy Saving Technology of Hunan Province Hengyang 421001China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China

In this study,a string of Cr-Mnco-modified activated coke catalysts(XCryMn1-y/AC)were prepared to investigate toluene and Hg^(0) removal *** characterizations including XRD,TEM,SEM,in situ DRIFTS,BET,XPS and H_(2)-TPR showed that 4%Cr0.5Mn0.5/AC had excellent physicochemical properties and exhibited the best toluene and Hg^(0) removal efficiency at 200℃.By varying the experimental gas components and conditions,it was found that too large weight hourly space velocity would reduce the removal efficiency of toluene and Hg^(0).Although O_(2) promoted the abatement of toluene and Hg^(0),the inhibitory role of H_(2)O and SO_(2) offset the promoting effect of O_(2) to some *** significantly inhibited Hg^(0) removal,resulting from that toluene was present at concentrations orders of magnitude greater than mercury’s or the catalyst was more prone to adsorb toluene,while Hg^(0) almost exerted non-existent influence on toluene *** mechanistic analysis showed that the forms of toluene and Hg^(0) removal included both adsorption and oxidation,where the high-valent metal cations and oxygen vacancy clusters promoted the redox cycle of Cr^(3+)+Mn^(3+)/Mn^(4+)+Cr^(6+)+Mn^(2+),which facilitated the conversion and replenishment of reactive oxygen species in the oxidation process,and even the CrMn_(1.5)O_(4) spinel structure could provide a larger catalytic interface,thus enhancing the adsorption/oxidation of toluene and Hg^(0).Therefore,its excellent physicochemical properties make it a costeffective potential industrial catalyst with outstanding synergistic toluene and Hg^(0) removal performance and preeminent resistance to H_(2)O and SO_(2).

关键词： Toluene Element mercury Cr-Mn oxides Activated coke

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Customized energy Retail Package Based on User energy Usage Behavior 8th

Customized Energy Retail Package Based on User Energy Usage ...

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8th International Conference on Life System Modeling and Simulation, LSMS 2024 and 8th International Conference on Intelligent Computing for Sustainable energy and Environment, ICSEE 2024

作者： Tan, Xinquan Tan, Mao Li, Zibin Ren, Yuling School of Automation and Electronic Information Xiangtan University Hunan Xiangtan411105 China Hunan Engineering Research Center of Multi-Energy Cooperative Control Technology Xiangtan University Xiangtan411105 China Hunan National Center for Applied Mathematics Hunan Xiangtan411105 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819602247

Community integrated energy systems (CIES) play a crucial role in promoting energy sustainability and community economic development. However, the current community demand response (DR) management measures have not fully stimulated the enthusiasm of various users to participate. Therefore, this study proposes a two-stage energy retail package design scheme for DR management in CIES. In the first stage, consumers are segmented through a classification method based on the degree of DR in their energy usage behavior. In the second stage, a multi-objective optimization strategy is employed to design energy retail packages that meet consumer needs while ensuring the interests of the community operators (CO). The simulation results verify that this approach not only enhances the stability of the system but also maximizes the benefits for both CO and consumers. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Demand response

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The synergistic enhancement of bending and compression properties of phosphate-activated metakaolin geopolymer by glass fiber and borax

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Structures 2025年 76卷

作者： Yang, Xingyuan He, Min Peng, Xinyu Ou, Zhihua School of Civil Engineering Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou412007 China Intelligent Control of Safety and Risk for Existing Engineering Structures Key Laboratory of Hunan Province Zhuzhou412007 China Hunan Province Engineering Technology Research Center for New Materials of Building Wall Energy Conservation Hunan Zhuzhou412007 China

Phosphate-based geopolymer (PAG) is a new type of green and sustainable gel material. I has a simple preparation process, excellent and stable performance, and broad application prospects. However, adding excessive fibers to improve bending performance can introduce air, leading to a decrease in compressive strength. Therefore, the effects of glass fiber (GF) dosage (FD: 0.5–2 %) and borax dosage (BD: 0.5–4 %) on the flowability, compressive/flexural performance, and microstructure of glass fiber-borax synergistically reinforced geopolymer composites (BF/PAMG) were systematically investigated, alongside their enhancement and toughening mechanisms. The results indicated that when BD was 1 %, with the increase of FD, the flowability of BF/PAMG showed a decreasing trend, the compressive strength first increases and then decreases, and the bending strength, toughening, and fracture work all show a gradually increasing trend. When FD was 1 %, the compressive strength reached a maximum of 39 MPa, an increase of 31.36 %. When FD was 2 %, the bending strength and fracture work reached a maximum of 7.86 MPa and 608.13 J/m², respectively, an increase of 67.9 % and 226.51 %. When FD was 2 %, as BD increased, the toughening of BF/PAMG showed an increasing trend, while the compressive strength, bending strength, and fracture work first increased and then decreased, and the toughening showed a gradually decreasing trend. When BD was 2 %, the compressive strength reached a maximum of 40.02 MPa, an increase of 45.90 %;when BD was 1 %, the bending strength and fracture toughness reached a maximum of 7.86 MPa and 608.13 J/m², respectively, an increase of 33.67 % and 103.55 %. Microscopic analysis revealed that borax facilitated the geopolymerization reaction while simultaneously substituting partial Al-O bonds in both Berlinite (AlPO₄) crystals and gel phases with B-O bonds, leading to the formation of a novel three-dimensional gel network structure. This structural modification was

关键词： Glass fibers

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Ammonium Sensing Patch with Ultrawide Linear Range and Eliminated Interference for Universal Body Fluids Analysis

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第4期17卷 332-346页

作者： Mingli Huang Xiaohao Ma Zongze Wu Jirong Li Yuqing Shi Teng Yang Jiarun Xu Shuhan Wang Kongpeng Lv Yuanjing Lin School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055People’s Republic of China Department of Interventional Radiology Shenzhen People’s HospitalShenzhen 518020People’s Republic of China College of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Shaoyang UniversityShaoyang 422000HunanPeople’s Republic of China Shenzhen Hainwise Medical Technology Co. LTDShenzhen 518118People’s Republic of China Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control(Shenzhen Testing Center of Medical Devices) Shenzhen 518000People’s Republic of China Institute of Innovative Materials Guangming Advanced Research InstituteSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055People’s Republic of China

Ammonium level in body fluids serves as one of the critical biomarkers for healthcare,especially those relative to liver *** continuous and real-time monitoring in both invasive and noninvasive manners is highly desired,while the ammonium concentrations vary largely in different body ***,the sensing reliability based on ion-selective biosensors can be significantly interfered by potassium *** tackle these challenges,a flexible and biocompatible sensing patch for wireless ammonium level sensing was reported with an ultrawide linear range for universal body fluids including blood,tears,saliva,sweat and *** as-prepared biocompatible sensors deliver a reliable sensitivity of 58.7 mV decade-1 in the range of 1-100 mM and a desirable selectivity coefficient of 0.11 in the interference of potassium ions,attributed to the cross-calibration within the sensors *** sensor’s biocompatibility was validated by the cell growth on the sensor surface(>80%),hemolysis rates(<5%),negligible cellular inflammatory responses and weight changes of the mice with implanted *** biocompatible sensors with ultrawide linear range and desirable selectivity open up new possibility of highly compatible biomarker analysis via different body fluids in versatile approaches.

关键词： Biocompatible sensors Implantable bioelectronics Ammonium sensing Cross-calibration Ultrawide linear range

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A physics-informed temporal convolutional network-temporal fusion transformer hybrid model for probabilistic wind speed predictions with quantile regression

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energy 2025年 326卷

作者： Mi, Lihua Han, Yan Long, Lizhi Chen, Hui Cai, C.S. College of Architecture and Energy Engineering Wenzhou University of Technology Wenzhou325035 China Hunan Province Research Center for Safety Control Technology and Equipment of Bridge Engineering Changsha University of Science & Technology Changsha410076 China School of Civil Engineering Hunan University Changsha410076 China Department of Bridge Engineering School of Transportation Southeast University Nanjing211189 China

Accurate wind speed prediction is crucial for mitigating the adverse effects of wind variability on power systems and facilitating the integration of wind energy into the grid. However, existing interval prediction studies often overlook the guidance from physics information and have not yet revealed the influence of physical constraints on interval prediction accuracy. This study presents two significant advances in probabilistic wind forecasting: First, we develop a novel physics-informed TCN-TFT hybrid model that uniquely integrates dilated causal convolutions (for multi-scale temporal feature extraction) with transformer-based attention mechanisms (for variable importance weighting), while enforcing physical consistency through Bernoulli's principle and the ideal gas law. Second, we introduce a joint optimization framework that minimizes quantile loss for uncertainty estimation and physics-based loss for meteorological consistency. Experimental results indicate that the proposed model outperforms comparative methods among four datasets, achieving lower PINAW and coverage width-based criterion (CWC) values while maintaining similar PICP values. For instance, in the two-step wind speed interval forecasting of dataset1, the PICP values achieve 0.986, 0.953, and 0.898, with corresponding PINAW values of 0.329, 0.247, and 0.214 for confidence levels of 0.95, 0.9, and 0.85, respectively. Furthermore, physical constraints enhance prediction interval reliability by boosting coverage (5.0 % PICP) with a modest width increase (27.1 % PINAW), outperforming unconstrained models that exhibit 320 % higher CWC due to coverage deficits. Overall, this novel approach effectively quantifies uncertainty in wind speed forecasts, demonstrating its potential for improved reliability in wind energy applications. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Fusion reactions

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Generation mechanism and influencing factors of transient overvoltage on ultra high-voltage direct current transmission

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Frontiers in energy research 2025年 13卷

作者： Yao, Weiwei Zhao, Jie Dou, Jinqiu Deng, Youhan Li, Yushu Liang, Yilin Chen, Jing Laboratory of Hydro-Wind-Solar Multi-Energy Control Coordination Wuhan China Science and Technology Research Institute China Three Gorges Corporation Beijing China Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center for AC/DC Intelligent Distribution Network School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Wuhan University Wuhan University Wuhan China

The transient overvoltage caused by faults in ultra-high-voltage direct current (UHVDC) transmission lines and alternating current (AC) systems can adversely affect system safety and stability. This study theoretically analyzes the transient overvoltage generation mechanism caused by DC single-pole ground faults and typical fault conditions in two different cases by combining the DC line and AC system of the transmitting side. Considering the different generation mechanisms of the two transient overvoltages, the main factors affecting transient overvoltages were determined to be the DC line ground fault location, DC filter main capacitance, AC system short-circuit ratio, and DC transmission power. Finally, through a simulation of UHVDC transmission engineering, the relationship between various influencing factors and overvoltage was obtained, which can provide guidance in transmission engineering UHVDC design. Copyright © 2025 Yao, Zhao, Dou, Deng, Li, Liang and Chen.

关键词： Electromagnetic transients

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AHL-mediated quorum sensing drives microbial community succession and metabolic pathway in algal-bacterial biofilm system

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Water research 2025年 282卷 123702页

作者： Liu, Zuocheng Zeng, Ting Wang, Jinlong Wang, Zongping Zhao, Daotong Wei, Junchi Peng, Yongzhen Miao, Lei Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi-media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin School of Environmental Science & Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei Wuhan430074 China College of Chemistry Central China Normal University Hubei Wuhan430079 China National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology Engineering Research Center of Beijing Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124 China

Microalgae, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) have been proven to form an integrated algal-bacterial biofilm system with over 93 % of total nitrogen removal. Compared to conventional nitrification-denitrification process, this system operated without additional organic carbon or aeration. In order to understand the interaction mechanisms between bacteria and algae, this study investigated microbial community succession, the changes in metabolic pathways and the potential role of acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL)-mediated quorum sensing (QS) during the formation of the algae/partial nitrification/anammox biofilm system. Within this algal-bacterial symbiotic biofilm, the dominant genera identified were Candidatus_Brocadia (AnAOB), Nitrosomonas (AOB), and Geitlerinema (microalgae), with relative abundances of 13.86 %, 6.37 %, and 2.88 %, respectively. Compared with the first two stages, the abundance of genes related to nitrogen metabolism pathways (anaerobic ammonium oxidation, denitrification, and ammonia assimilation) increased, indicating enhanced nitrogen transformation capacity in the algal-bacterial symbiotic stage. Co-occurrence network analysis also revealed enhanced microbial interactions, with increased negative correlations (from 36.07 % to 39.38 %), high average standard betweenness centrality (from 0.193 to 0.304), and reduced community vulnerability (from 0.037 to 0.028), contributing to biofilm stability and resilience. The variations in AHLs provided direct evidence for more frequent interspecies communication, facilitating the ecological reconfiguration in the biofilm. Overall, the close synergistic relationship between microalgae and bacteria supports stable biofilm development and high nitrogen removal efficiency. © 2025

关键词： Microalgae

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Chemical bond parameters and microwave dielectric properties of CaLaAl3O7 ceramics with layer structure

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Ceramics International 2025年

作者： Yang, Hongcheng Huang, Xier Zheng, Yixuan Zhang, Jin Li, Enzhu School of New Energy and Materials Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu610500 China National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials and Key Laboratory of Multi-Spectral Absorbing Materials and Structures of Ministry of Education University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu610054 China

Sintered at 1575 °C, the single phase CaLaAl3O7 ceramics were obtained and investigated on the sensitivity of chemical bond to the stability of layer structure. LaAlO3 and CaAl2O4 are the secondary phases in the sintering temperature range of 1350∼1550 °C, contributing to the variation of relative density, dielectric constant and quality factors. As a candidate of microwave dielectric ceramics of aluminate, pure CaLaAl3O7 possesses the microwave dielectric properties of ɛr = 6.26, Q × f = 22750 GHz, τf = −39.8 ppm/°C. Based on the calculation of chemical bond traits and cation polarization, modification of Ca/La site may have primary influence on ɛr. Al(1)-O and Al(2)-O bonds make mainly contribution on lattice energy and bond energy, indicating [AlO4] frame paly crucial role on crystal structure stability. It is prior to design substitution for Al to adjust the layer structure and optimize the dielectric loss for CaLaAl3O7 ceramics. The systematical results of this study establish that determination of contributions of chemical bond to structure stability is a key dial for tuning crystal structure and properties in ternary aluminate solids. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.

关键词： Aluminum oxide

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Constructing electron transport channel of SnO2/BaSO4 on g-C3N4 for enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic H2 production

Materials Today Catalysis

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Materials Today Catalysis 2025年 9卷

作者： Dong, Gongyue Guo, Xiaojuan Cheng, Cheng Chen, Feng Zhang, Jinfeng Du, Yanping Meng, Wei Liu, Maochang Shi, Jinwen International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi-energy Complementary Distributed Energy Systems Dongguan University of Technology Dongguan523808 China School of Engineering Lancaster University LancasterLA1 4YW United Kingdom Gansu Company PipeChina Lanzhou730060 China Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Dark Tea and Jin-Hua Department of Material & Chemical Engineering Hunan City University Yiyang413000 China

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is confronted with the issue of poor utilization of photogenerated charge carriers, thereby leading to limited performance of photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) production, which restricts its potential application. Herein, the electron transport material SnO2/BaSO4 was synthesized to integrate with g-C3N4 for addressing the above problem. Various characterizations were conducted to investigate the g-C3N4-SnO2/BaSO4 photocatalyst, and it demonstrated that photogenerated electrons from g-C3N4 expeditiously migrate to SnO2/BaSO4 nanoparticles, which markedly hindered photogenerated carriers’ recombination. Subsequently, the g-C3N4-SnO2/BaSO4 photocatalyst demonstrated promoted photocatalytic H2 production at a rate of 14.2 μmol h−1 under visible-light illumination, which was 2.5 times higher than that of pristine g-C3N4. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Barium sulfate

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