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Assessing impact of intermittent window opening strategies on pathogen-laden droplet dispersion in a coach bus

Building Simulation 2024年第7期17卷 1183-1200页

作者： Qiqi Luo Xingdong Deng Jian Hang Cuiyun Ou Zhiwen Luo Xiaodan Fan Xia Yang Yifei Zhang Zhongli Gu Xuelin Zhang School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen Universityand Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong LaboratoryZhuhai 519082China Key Laboratory of Urban Meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100089China China Meteorological Administration Xiong'an Atmospheric Boundary Layer Key Laboratory Xiong'anChina Guangzhou Urban Planning&Design Survey Research Institute Guangzhou 510060China Guangzhou Collaborative Innovation Center of Natural Resources Planning and Marine Technology Guangzhou 510060China Guangdong Enterprise Key Laboratory for Urban Sensing Monitoring and Early WarningGuangzhou 510060China Welsh Schoolof Architecture Cardiff UniversityUK Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Air Pollution Control South China Institute of Environmental Sciencesthe Ministry of Ecology and Environment of ChinaNo.7 West Street YuancunGuangzhou 510655China Guangdong Fans-tech Agro Co. LtdGuangdong ProvinceChina

Opening windows in coach buses is a practical approach to improving natural ventilation and mitigating infection risk(IR).Due to human behavior and weather conditions,the intermittent window opening strategy(IWOS)is a more common practice than keeping windows constantly *** its prevalence,there are no studies exploring IWOS specifically in *** employed indoor-outdoor coupled CFD simulations to assess the effects of various IWOS on pathogen-laden droplet(PLD)dispersion and IR in a coach bus that occurred a COVID-19 outbreak in hunan,*** reveal that after ventilating through two skylights for 600–1800 s,opening front and rear windows(FW+RW)or FW with a wind catcher(FW+WCH)for just 40 s can reduce PLD concentration(Cave)to 5%of its initial level and the intake fraction of the infector’s neighbor(IFn)drops by 95%.Upon closing FW+RW or FW+WCH,Cave and IFn take over 580 s to return to the pre-opening ***,intermittent FW opening halves Cave and IFn within 7 min,but leads to rapid increases upon window ***,opening FW+RW and FW+WCH intermittently have pronounced impacts on indoor PLD concentration and are applicable approaches to control respiratory disease transmission in *** to the inhaled viral dose,it is recommended to open windows when driving time is over 12 minutes to reduce infection *** scenarios like epidemiological surveys and risk assessments,where assessing passenger infection risk is vital,some behaviors of opening windows cannot be overlooked and necessitate extra attention.

关键词： infection risk computational fluid dynamics air change rate per hour natural ventilation wind catcher tracer gas dispersion

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Formation of Internal Electron Transport Channels by In-Situ Grown Mof/Feooh Heterojunction on the Cathode: Disrupting the Chemical Inertness of Fe(Ⅲ) Reduction in Electro-Fenton Processes

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zhu, Hongwei Yin, Xu Wang, Yi Wei, Kajia Gu, Liankai Zhang, Yonghao Duan, Zhenshan Huang, Zhen Chen, Haoming Han, Weiqing Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse School of Environmental and Biological Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Jiangsu Nanjing210094 China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Yancheng Institute of Technology Jiangsu Yancheng224051 China

Inefficient Fe(Ⅲ) reduction efficiency in electro-Fenton (EF) processes has become a key issue restricting its development. Besides catalyst modification, modulating the "contact" between the catalyst and current collectors to overcome spatial or energy barriers is also the way to improve the catalytic performance. A self-supported MOF/FeOOH heterojunction cathode without binders was successfully prepared by electrodeposition and in-situ growth. Electrons transport channels from FeOOH to NH2-MIL-88B(Fe) were established through the spontaneous formation of an internal electric field (IEF), which enhanced the electrical conductivity and disrupted the chemical inertness of Fe(Ⅲ) reduction. The MOF/FeOOH cathode increased the sulfamethazine (SMT) removal up to 95.76%, 2.5 times better than using PTFE as binders. After ten consecutive degradation experiments, Fe(Ⅱ) content on the cathode surface increased from 39.23% to 56.73%. Formation of internal electron transport channels by in-situ grown MOF/FeOOH heterojunction on the cathode provides a feasible strategy for the Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ) cycle in EF processes. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Binders

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Characteristics of runoff and sediment yield for two typical erodible soils in southern China

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2022年第5期37卷 653-661页

作者： Xuchao Zhu Yin Liang Lili Qu Longxi Cao Zhiyuan Tian Tong Liu Meng Li State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Ecology and Environment Chengdu University of Technology National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China Guangdong Key Laboratory of IntegratedAgro-environmental Pollution Control and Management Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences Guangdong Academy of Sciences Hydrology and Water Resources Investigation Bureau of Jiangsu Province

Granite red soil(GRS) and Quaternary red clay(QRC) are two typical erodible soils in the red-soil region of southern China. Analytical and comparative studies of the characteristics of runoff and sediment yield for the two soils at various slopes are currently needed. The purpose of the current study was to clarify the characteristics of runoff and sediment yield for GRS and QRC at different slopes and to establish models for estimating sediment yield for the two soils. Forty-eight runoff microplots with four slopes(5°, 15°, 25°, and 35°) and two soils(GRS and QRC) were established and exposed to natural rainfall. Runoff and sediment yield were measured 10 times during the study period. Runoff and sediment yield for the two soils under the various slopes had similar temporal variations, and both increased with prior cumulative erosive rainfall. Runoff for GRS and QRC was moderately temporally variable, with coefficients of variation(CVs) from 46.2% to 60.6%, and sediment yield for QRC was strongly temporally variable, with CVs from 114.8% to 145.8%. Sediment yield for GRS increased with slope, but sediment yield for QRC first increased and then decreased, with a calculated inflection point of 18°, but runoff for both soils decreased with slope. The CVs of both runoff and sediment yield with slope for the two soils ranged from 3.6% to 88.0%, lower than the temporal variabilities, indicating that rainfall may have a larger impact than slope on runoff and sediment yield for QRC and GRS. Under the various slopes, runoff and sediment yield for both soils increased with rainfall and sediment yield increased with runoff, but the proportions of effective rainfall and runoff differed. Pedotransfer-function models based on rainfall, runoff, and slope accurately estimated sediment yield for the two soils, with the model fit coefficient of determination(R2) > 0.81 and the R2for verification >0.79. These results improve the understanding of the laws governing erosion for differe

关键词： Runoff and sediment characteristics Sediment-yield simulation Granite red soil Quaternary red clay Pedotransfer function Red-soil region

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Asymmetric impacts of natural and anthropogenic factors on wetland landscape evolution in Fenhe River Basin, China

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Watershed Ecology and the Environment 2024年第1期6卷 176-186页

作者： Xie, Chengjie Zeng, Yingzheng Hao, Xiaoyang Ning, Zhonghua Xie, Tian School of Environment and Resource Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China Key Laboratory of Investigation Monitoring and Protection of Natural Resources in Mining Cities Coal Geological Geophysical Exploration Surveying & Mapping Institute of Shanxi Province Jinzhong 030600 China School of Ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

In recent years, Fenhe River Basin (FRB) wetlands have been facing severe challenges due to climate change and human activities. It was of great significance to understand the dynamic changes of FRB wetlands and their driving factors for ecological protection. Based on the land use data, runoff, rainfall and GDP data of FRB from 1980 to 2020, the evolution characteristics and driving factors of wetland pattern in FRB were analyzed. The results showed that the wetland types in FRB mainly included paddy, reservoir, river, beach and marsh. Among them, natural wetlands accounted for 72.46 %, and constructed wetlands accounted for 27.53 %. The main types of wetlands in FRB were river, reservoirs and beach, which account for 92.26 % of the whole wetland area. However, the dominant position of reservoir patch was more obvious than the others during 1980–2020. Landscape index showed that the shape of landscape tended to be regular and became more fragmentation. The transfer between wetlands and other land use types mainly occurred in the northern and southern parts of the FRB, and the main conversion types were occurred between dry land and wetlands, grassland and wetlands. Both natural and human factors drove the evolution pattern of wetlands, but the emphases were different. Runoff had a significant effect on wetland pattern at landscape level, while rainfall had a more significant effect on wetland evolution at class level. Urbanization rate and GDP had important effects on the evolution of wetland pattern at both class and landscape levels. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Fenhe basin Land use types Landscape index Shanxi province Wetlands

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Formable porous biochar loaded with La-Fe(hydr)oxides/montmorillonite for efficient removal of phosphorus in wastewater:process and mechanisms

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 296-314页

作者： Enhui Sun Yanyang Zhang Qingbo Xiao Huayong Li Ping Qu Cheng Yong Bingyu Wang Yanfang Feng Hongying Huang Linzhang Yang Charles Hunter Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization(Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource UtilizationInstitute of Agricultural Resources and EnvironmentJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing 210014China School of Life Sciences College of AgricultureEngineering and ScienceUniversity of KwaZulu-Natal(Pietermaritzburg Campus)Private Bag X01Scottsville 3209Republic of South Africa State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing 210014China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse School of Environmental and Biological EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China

The development of biochar-based granule-like adsorbents suitable for scaled-up application has been attracting increasing attention in the field of water ***,a new formable porous granulated biochar loaded with La-Fe(hydr)oxides/montmorillonite(LaFe/MB)was fabricated via a granulation and pyrolysis process for enhanced phosphorus(P)removal from *** acted as a binder that increased the size of the granulated biochar,while the use of Fe promoted the surface charge and facilitated the dispersion of La,which was responsible for selective phosphate ***/MB exhibited rapid phosphate adsorption kinetics and a high maximum adsorption capacity(Langmuir model,52.12 mg P g^(−1)),which were better than those of many existing granulated *** desorption and recyclability experiments showed that LaFe/MB could be regenerated,and maintained 76.7%of its initial phosphate adsorption capacity after four adsorption *** high hydraulic endurance strength retention rate of the developed material(91.6%)suggested high practical applicability in actual ***-static attraction,surface precipitation,and inner-sphere complexation via ligand exchange were found to be involved in selective P removal over a wide pH range of *** thermodynamic parameters were determined,which revealed the feasibility and spontaneity of *** on approximate site energy distribution analyses,high distribution frequency contributed to efficient P *** research results provide a new insight that LaFe/MB shows great application prospects for advanced phosphate removal from wastewater.

关键词： Formable porous biochar Montmorillonite Metal(hydr)oxide Wastewater phosphate removal Adsorption mechanism

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Uncovering the evolution of tin use in the United States and its implications

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第6期15卷 281-291页

作者： Congren Yang Xianlai Zeng Haodong Li Zuyuan Tian Wei Liu Wenqing Qin Jinhui Li School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China

Tin is of key importance to daily life and national security;it is considered an essential industrial *** United States(US)is the world’s largest economy and consumer of natural ***,the analysis of historical tin use in the US is helpful for understanding future tin use trends in the world as a whole and in developing *** series analysis,regression analysis with GDP or GDP/capita,and historical data fitted with logistic and Gompertz models are employed in this *** tin use in the US shows three stages-increase-constant-decrease,as GDP per capita has *** use in the US is negatively correlated with the GDP value added by the manufacturing sector,while the use of tin worldwide and in China continues to increase along with the GDP value added by the manufacturing *** a sigmoid curve can fit the US tin use data well,that use is not directly related to the limited tin reserves or ***,policies,economic restructuring,substitutions,new end-use markets,*** played key roles in the changing tin use *** work contributes to understanding future tin use at both the global and national levels:tin use will continue to increase with GDP at the global level,but use patterns of tin at the national level can be changed through human intervention.

关键词： Tin use GDP Curve fitting Logistic model Gompertz model

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Occurrence and Effects of Microplastics in Lake Ecosystems: Particular Focus on Migration in Water and Food Chains

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Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 2023年第1期261卷 1-22页

作者： Yin, Lingshi Du, Li Wen, Xiaofeng Huang, Danlian Xiao, Ruihao Wang, Zeyu Su, Hongyu Huang, Jiali Wang, Guangfu Tao, Jiaxi Kang, Yuantai College of Environmental Science and Engineering Hunan University Changsha China Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University) Ministry of Education Changsha China School of Hydraulic Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha China Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province Changsha China Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province Changsha China

Microplastics have become a research hotspot in the environmental field owing to their persistence and complex ecological effects. Although microplastics have attracted public attention only recently, the microplastic pollution in lake, a unique water system characterized by their irreplaceable ecological value and special hydrodynamic conditions, were increasingly documented, calling for a summary of the most recent advance in this research area. Therefore, the sampling and analysis methods, occurrence, sources, and ecological effects of microplastics in lakes were summarized in this review. Various types of plastics are produced and used in large quantities for different purposes, resulting in microplastic pollution being widespread in lakes worldwide, albeit with different levels and characteristics. Microplastics constantly migrate and transform in lake ecosystems, exerting impacts on ecological, including pollution diffusion and biological toxicity. This review focused on the migration of microplastics in water and food chains, which is a different perspective than that considered in previously published reviews. This review also discussed the limitations of existing studies and made recommendations. Future research directions should include the following: 1) improving the baseline database of microplastic pollution in lakes; (2) unifying the sampling and laboratory analysis methods; (3) exploring the quantitative analysis methods of the sources, transportation, and fate of microplastics; (4) considering more factors to explore the effects of microplastics on lake ecosystems.

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Analyzing the trends and hotspots of biochar’s applications in agriculture,environment,and energy:a bibliometrics study for 2022 and 2023

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Biochar 2024年第1期6卷 1390-1407页

作者： Ping Wu Yingdong Fu Tony Vancov Hailong Wang Yujun Wang Wenfu Chen Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology Hebei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water ResourcesCenter for Agricultural Resources ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang 050022China. School of Life Sciences Institute of Life Sciences and Green DevelopmentHebei UniversityBaoding 071002HebeiChina. NSW Department of Primary Industries Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Insti-tuteMenangleNSW 2568Australia. School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Foshan UniversityFoshan 528000GuangdongChina. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-Environmental Pollution Control and Management Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil SciencesGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China. Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008JiangsuChina. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China. Biochar Engineering and Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province Rice Research InstituteAgronomy CollegeShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110866LiaoningChina.

Biochar,produced from the thermochemical conversion of biomass waste,has various applications owing to its broad utility and advantageous *** study employs a scientometric approach to comprehensively assess the advancements in biochar application from 2022 to *** 13,357 bibliographic records sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection with the search term“biochar”,the analysis focuses on authorship,national contributions,and keyword *** demonstrate a continual rise in annual publications since 2009,albeit with a moderated growth rate in *** leads in publication outputs,followed by USA and India,with Hailong Wang emerging as a prominent figure in biochar *** co-occurrence analyses identify key research themes such as biochar’s role in climate change mitigation,easing salinity and drought stress,immobilizing toxic metals,degrading organic pollutants,serving as additives in anaerobic digestion,and functioning as electrodes in microbial fuel *** these,biochar’s application for global climate change mitigation gains significant attention,while its utilization as electrodes in microbial fuel cells emerges as a promising research frontier,indicating the growing need for sustainable energy *** study also outlines critical research gaps and future priorities for enhancing biochar ***,it highlights the diverse applicability of biochar and offers valuable insight into research progression and forthcoming directions in biochar studies.

关键词： Bibliometric analysis Research hotspots Carbon neutrality Microbial fuel cells Sustainable application

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Comprehensive analysis of research trends and prospects in electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) for wastewater treatment

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Chemosphere 2023年 341卷 140083页

作者： Jiang, Hanfeng Chen, Haoming Wei, Kajia Liu, Lufan Sun, Mingdi Zhou, Minghua Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse School of Environmental and Biological Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria Ministry of Education College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin300350 China

Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) have emerged as a promising approach for efficient wastewater treatment. However, despite their promising potential, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis regarding the research trends, bibliometric data, and research frontiers of EAOPs. To address this gap, this study conducted a thorough and comprehensive analysis of 2347 related articles in the Web of Science Core Collection Database from 2012 to 2022. The analysis included information on countries, authors, institutions, and more, with a focus on summarizing trends and cutting-edge research hotspots in the field. The University of Barcelona in Spain is the most effective institution. Brillas E. is the most productive author in the world. Research hotspots in EAOPs have evolved from traditional anodic oxidation (AO) to novel electro-Fenton (EF) technology, which focuses on efficient generation of H2O2 and the use of metal-organic frameworks to enhance performance and efficiency. Through systematic research hotspot analysis, the importance of performance comparison of different types of EAOPs, development of new materials, optimization of device parameters, and toxicity assessment of byproducts is highlighted. Concurrently, the rise and mechanisms of emerging EAOPs are predicted and analyzed. Finally, future research on EAOPs technologies should focus on technological coupling, development of new materials, reduction of energy consumption and cost, evaluation and minimization of toxicity, and exploration of green renewable energy sources for larger-scale applications in wastewater treatment pilot plants. In this way, these technologies can contribute to the sustainability of larger industrial wastewater treatment applications and make an important contribution to environmental protection and scientific and technological progress. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Wastewater treatment

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Government environmental control measures on CO_(2) emission during the 2014 Youth Olympic Games in Nanjing:Perspectives from a top-down approach

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第3期34卷 165-178页

作者： Cheng Hu Cheng Liu Ning Hu Jun Hong Xinyue Ai College of Biology and the Environment Joint Center for sustainable Forestry in Southern ChinaNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change(ILCEC)Nanjing University of InformationScience&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of the Causes and Control of Atmospheric Pollution/School of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering East China University of TechnologyNanchang 330013China National Key Laboratory on Electromagnetic Environmental Effects and Electro-Optical Engineering Army Engineering UniversityNanjing 210022China

Strict air pollution control measures were conducted during the Youth Olympic Games(YOG)period at Nanjing city and surrounding areas in August *** event provides a unique chance to evaluate the effect of government control measures on regional atmospheric pollution and greenhouse gas *** previous studies have observed significant reductions of atmospheric pollution species and improvement in air quality,while no study has quantified its synergism on anthropogenic CO_(2)emissions,which can be coreduced with air *** better understand to what extent these pollution control measures have reduced anthropogenic CO_(2)emissions,we conducted atmospheric CO_(2)measurements at the suburban site in Nanjing city from 1^(st) July to 30^(th) September 2014 and 1^(st) August to 31^(st) August 2015,obvious decrease in atmospheric CO_(2)was observed between YOG and the rest *** coupling the a prioriemission inventory with atmospheric transport model,we applied the scale factor Bayesian inversion approach to derive the posteriori CO_(2)emissions in YOG period and regular *** indicate CO_(2)emissions from power industry decreased by 45%,and other categories also decreased by 16%for manufacturing combusting,and 37%for non-metallic mineral *** total anthropogenic CO_(2)emissions were 9.8(±3.6)×10^(9) kg/month CO_(2) for regular period and decreased to 6.2(±1.9)×10^(9) kg/month during the YOG period in Nanjing city,with a 36.7%*** scaling up to whole Jiangsu province,anthropogenic CO_(2)emissions were 7.1(±2.4)×10^(10) kg/month CO_(2)for regular period and decreased to 4.4(±1.2)×10^(10)kg/month CO_(2) during the YOG period,yielding a 38.0%reduction.

关键词： Carbon dioxide Reduction measures Anthropogenic emissions Bayesian inversion

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