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IEEE Transactions on Intelligent vehicles 2023年第9期9卷 1-11页

作者： Hu, Lin Lu, Tao Li, Gen Zhang, Xin Cai, Hai School of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Safety Design and Reliability Technology for Engineering Vehicle Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha China

Turning right at a junction without the aid of traffic signals is a frequent cause of intersection accidents and a situation that intelligent automobiles will need to handle well in the future. This allows this study to choose the traffic circumstances of turning right at junctions and traveling straight through them. It then suggests an automatic approach for creating test scenarios for intelligent vehicles based on Monte Carlo simulation. Through the examination of scene feature parameters and a natural driving dataset, a Markov chain-based right-turn trajectory model was created. Then, test vehicle trajectories and right-turn trajectories were produced using Monte Carlo simulations. By figuring out the average DTW (Dynamic Time Warping) value between the created and actual right-turn trajectories in the four speed intervals with the highest occurrence probabilities, the authenticity of the generated right-turn trajectories was confirmed. The produced trajectories were simultaneously loaded into the software for cooperative simulation. The AEB (Automatic Emergency Braking) system's shortcomings were shown by extracting the relative positions of the two cars before to the incident. The two popular varieties of AEB algorithm models were then compared using safety and comfort parameters. Furthermore, the test scenario's risk level can be managed by changing the scenario feature settings. There are some potential uses for the suggested test scenario generation method in the testing and assessment of algorithms for intelligent vehicles. IEEE

关键词： Trajectories

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Methods for fusing uncertain results obtained from different models in accident reconstruction

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Forensic Sciences Research 2022年第2期7卷 272-278页

作者： Tiefang Zou Fenglin He School of Automobile and Mechanical Engineering Changsha University of Science and TechnologyChangshaChina Key Laboratory of Safety Design and Reliability Technology for Engineering Vehicle Changsha University of Science and TechnologyChangshaChina

Considering that almost all existing solutions of fusing different reconstructed results require experts’opinions and the issue of how to fuse probabilistic results and mixed results has not been *** solutions are *** first is based on the Monte Carlo Method(FMCM),while the second is based on the Sub-Interval Technique(FSIT).The method based on FMCM generates sample points according to the distribution of each uncertain result firstly,and then gives out the cumulative distribution function of the final fused result by statistical *** method based on FSIT gets the result fusion interval set according to lower and upper bounds of all interval results and a given length d of each sub-interval firstly,and then calculate the weighted matrix of the result fusion *** a result,the cumulative distribution function of the final fused result can also be given out by statistical ***,three real accidents are given to demonstrate the methods of FMCM and FSIT,the results of which show that both work well in practice.

关键词： Forensic sciences accident reconstruction different uncertain results Monte Carlo Method Sub-Interval Technique fusing

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Effectiveness Assessment and Improvement for Vulnerable Road User Head Protection Testing and Evaluation Program Based on Real-world Accident Reconstructions

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Zhongguo Gonglu Xuebao/China Journal of Highway and Transport 2025年第3期38卷 177-187页

作者： Wang, Fang Liu, Zhang-Chi Hu, Lin Zou, Wei Shi, Liang-Liang Liu, Yu Zhou, Zhou School of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering Changsha University of Science & Technology Hunan Changsha410114 China Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Safety Design and Reliability Technology for Engineering Vehicle Hunan Changsha410114 China China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co. Ltd. Chongqing401122 China Division of Neuronic Engineering KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm14152 Sweden

Vulnerable road users (VRUs) face high risks of injury and death from traffic accidents. The current VRU head protection program relies on a single head impact velocity and injury assessment criteria that fail to account for brain tissue strain. This limitation affects the effectiveness of simulating real-world impacts and the accuracy of head injury risk assessments. In this study, the VRU head impact boundary conditions were extracted based on the reconstruction of 40 real-world pedestrian VRU head impacts. Using the Total Human Model for safety (THUMS) head finite element model and headform impactor, this study explored the effects of real head impact boundary conditions on head kinematics and injury under procedural test scenarios and compared these conditions with test procedure scenarios. The results indicate that the peak linear acceleration in the current test procedure scenarios is higher;however, the peak rotational velocity is significantly lower than that observed in real-world accidents. Different impact locations have significant effects on the head kinematics and injury response parameters, particularly in stiffer areas, such as the windshield edges and lower right corner, where the injury risk under regulatory conditions is higher than that in real accident cases. In contrast, the opposite is true in other windshield areas. This study suggests that future programs or virtual assessments should diversify the head impact boundaries and injury assessment criteria to consider the differences in impact locations and the effects of head rotation on brain tissue injuries. For most windshields (non-edge areas), increasing the linear velocity enhances head rotation, and rotational injury assessment criteria should therefore be introduced. For future virtual assessments, injury criteria based on brain tissue strain should be used to assess VRU head injury risk in real accidents more comprehensively and accurately. © 2025 Chang'an University. All rights reserve

关键词： Windshields

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A Review on safety Management Strategies: Theory and Practical Application of Lithium-Ion Power Batteries 8th

A Review on Safety Management Strategies: Theory and Practic...

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8th International Conference on Advances in Construction Machinery and vehicle engineering, ICACMVE 2023

作者： Yi, Xiaojian Hu, Lin Liu, Shuang Zou, Changfu School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha410114 China School of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha410114 China Hunan Key Laboratory of Safety Design and Reliability Technology for Engineering Vehicle Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha410114 China Department of Electrical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg41296 Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9789819718757

Battery safety in electric vehicles is a comprehensive engineering endeavor that requires meticulous consideration at every stage, including battery materials, battery pack design, and battery management systems (BMS). This review focuses on safety management strategies and practical applications of lithium-ion power batteries. The management of battery safety primarily encompasses charge and discharge safety, high-voltage safety, and thermal safety. Among these, charge and discharge safety management aims to prevent battery damage or safety incidents caused by overcharge or over discharge. High-voltage safety management involves detecting insulation faults, overcurrent, and other potential risks to prevent electrical hazards. Thermal safety management ensures individual battery cells, modules, and the battery pack maintain an optimal operating temperature range and uniform temperature distribution, thereby preventing thermal runaway. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

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A Research of Different Energy Management Strategies of Lithium-ion Battery-Ultracapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System 8th

A Research of Different Energy Management Strategies of Lith...

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8th International Conference on Advances in Construction Machinery and vehicle engineering, ICACMVE 2023

作者： Zhang, Dongjie Hu, Lin Tian, Qingtao Zou, Changfu School of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha410114 China Hunan Key Laboratory of Safety Design and Reliability Technology for Engineering Vehicle Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha410114 China School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha410114 China Department of Electrical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg41296 Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9789819718757

Given the exacerbating effect of fossil fuel use in conventional vehicles on the greenhouse effect, the imperative development of electric vehicle technology becomes evident. To address the high energy and power density demands of electric vehicles, a lithium-ion battery-ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage system proves effective. This study, utilizing ADVISOR and Matlab/Simulink, employs an electric vehicle prototype for modeling and simulating both logic threshold and fuzzy logic control strategies. It aims to analyze the average output power and state of charge (SOC) of the lithium-ion battery, as well as the SOC of the ultracapacitor, within hybrid energy storage systems governed by these differing strategies. The findings indicate that the fuzzy logic control strategy results in a reduction of 2.73 kW in the average output power of the lithium-ion battery and a 20% increase in the SOC drop rate of the ultracapacitor compared to the logic threshold control strategy. Under the logic threshold control strategy, lithium-ion batteries demonstrate superior output stability, albeit within a broader amplitude range. Conversely, the fuzzy logic control strategy maximizes the utilization of ultracapacitors but leads to frequent fluctuations in the output power of lithium-ion batteries, thereby exhibiting reduced stability. These results underscore the inherent trade-offs between stability and utilization efficiency in hybrid energy storage systems for electric vehicles under different control strategies. The selection of a control strategy should be contingent upon specific performance priorities and objectives within the context of electric vehicle design and operation. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

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A Finite Element Human Body Model of Chinese Midsize Male for Pedestrian safety Analysis

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Journal of Bionic engineering 2024年第6期21卷 2924-2941页

作者： Fuhao Mo Ziyang Liang Tengfei Tian Guibing Li Zhi Xiao Sen Xiao State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Hunan UniversityChangsha410082China Department of Orthopedics The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangsha410011China Department of Tuina and Spinal Orthopaedics in Chinese Medicine Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalThe Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineShenzhen518033China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Power Transmission and Safety Technology for New Energy Vehicles Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin300401China School of Mechanical Engineering Hunan University of Science and TechnologyXiangtan411201China

The anthropometric differences between European/American and Chinese population are remarkable and have significant influences on pedestrian kinematics and injury response in vehicle ***,the current study aims to develop and validate a Finite Element(FE)human body model representing the anthropometry of Chinese 50th percentile adult male for pedestrian safety analysis and development of Chinese ATDs(Anthropomorphic Test Devices).Firstly,a human body pedestrian model,named as C-HBM(Chinese Human Body Model),was developed based on the medical image data of a volunteer selected according to both anthropometry and anatomy characteristics of 50th percentile Chinese adult ***,the biofidelity of the C-HBM pedestrian model was validated against cadaver impact test data reported in the literature at the segment and full-body ***,the validated C-HBM pedestrian model was employed to predict Chinese pedestrian injuries in real world vehicle *** results indicate that the C-HBM pedestrian model has a good capability in predicting human body mechanical response in cadaver tests and Chinese leg and thorax injuries in vehicle *** analysis shows that the C-HBM pedestrian model has less sliding on the hood surface,shorter movement in the horizontal direction,and higher pelvis displacement in the vertical direction than cadavers and the pedestrian model in the anthropometry of westerner due to anthropometric differences in the lower *** currently developed C-HBM pedestrian model provides a basic tool for vehicle safety design and evaluation in China market,and for development of Chinese ATDs.

关键词： Biomechanics Chinese human body model Pedestrian safety Finite element modeling

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A human-sensitive frequency band vibration isolator for heavy-duty truck seats

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第10期45卷 1733-1748页

作者： Qingqing LIU Shenlong WANG Ge YAN Hu DING Haihua WANG Qiang SHI Xiaohong DING Huijie YU School of Mechanical Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration School of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering Shanghai Frontier Science Center of MechnoinformaticsShanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and MechanicsSchool of Mechanics and Engineering ScienceShanghai UniversityShanghai 200072China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body College of Mechanical and Vehicle EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Yanfeng Adient Seating Co. Ltd.Shanghai 201315China College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Jiaxing Nanhu UniversityJiaxing 314001Zhejiang ProvinceChina

In this study,a human-sensitive frequency band vibration isolator(HFBVI)with quasi-zero stiffness(QZS)characteristics for heavy-duty truck seats is designed to improve the comfort of heavy-duty truck drivers on uneven ***,the analytical expressions for the force and displacement of the HFBVI are derived with the Lagrange equation and d'Alembert's principle,and are validated through the prototype restoring force ***,the harmonic balance method(HBM)is used to obtain the dynamic responses under harmonic excitation,and further the influence of pre-stretching on the dynamic characteristics and transmissibility is ***,the experimental prototype of the HFBVI is fabricated,and vibration experiments are conducted under harmonic excitation to verify the vibration isolation performance(VIP)of the proposed vibration *** experimental results indicate that the HFBVI can effectively suppress the frequency band(4-8 Hz)to which the human body is sensitive to vertical *** addition,under real random road spectrum excitation,the HFBVI can achieve low-frequency vibration isolation close to 2 Hz,providing new prospects for ensuring the health of heavy-duty truck drivers.

关键词： human-sensitive frequency band quasi-zero stiffness(QZS) heavy-duty truck seat real random road spectrum low-frequency vibration isolation

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Corrosion evolution and behaviour of Al-2.1Mg-1.6Si alloy in chloride media

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Rare Metals 2021年第4期40卷 908-919页

作者： Ya-Ya Zheng Bing-Hui Luo Chuan He Yang Gao Zhen-Hai Bai College of Materials Science and Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Key Laboratory of Safety Design and Reliability Technology for Engineering Vehicle Changsha University of Science and TechnologyChangsha 410114China

Owing to the importance of finding better methods and technologies for protecting against corrosion of aluminium alloys,research into the electrochemical characteristics of the corrosion is an ongoing *** this paper,the corrosion behaviour of Al-Mg-Si alloys in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution was investigated using multiple methods,including scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),potentiodynamic polarisation measurement and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).The results suggest that corrosion begins with dealloying of Mg,followed by conversion of MgSi particles into Al-Fe-Mn-Si *** corrosion rate increased until it reached a peak and then *** increase in the corrosion rate may be attributed to an increased electrochemical driving force,which is produced by anodic dissolution between the matrix and residual MgSi ***,the thin re-deposited layer of inert elements also plays an important role in accelerating the anodic process of the corrosion *** passivated corrosion pit and narrowed intergranular corrosion(IGC)pathway cause the area of active dissolution to decrease,thus reducing the corrosion rate.

关键词： Al-Mg-Si alloys Corrosion behaviour Electrochemical Corrosion rate IGC corrosion pathway

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Highly active Fe_(7)S_(8) encapsulated in N-doped hollow carbon nanofibers for high-rate sodium-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第2期30卷 26-35,I0002页

作者： Chengzhi Zhang Donghai Wei Fei Wang Guanhua Zhang Junfei Duan Fei Han Huigao Duan Jinshui Liu Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology College of Materials Science and EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha 410082HunanChina State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body College of Mechanical and Vehicle EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha 410082HunanChina School of Materials Science and Engineering Changsha University of Science and TechnologyChangsha 410004HunanChina

Nanostructured iron sulfides are regarded as a potential anode material for sodium-ion batteries in virtue of the rich natural abundance and remarkable theoretical ***,poor rate performance and inferior cycling stability caused by sluggish kinetics and volume swelling represent two main obstacles at present. The previous research mainly focuses on nanostructure design and/or hybridizing with conductive *** boosting the property by adjusting Fe/S atomic ratio in iron sulfides is rarely *** this work,Fe_7 S_8 and FeS_2 encapsulated in N-doped hollow carbon fibers(NHCFs/Fe_7 S_8 and NHCFs/FeS_2) are constructed by a combined chemical bath deposition and subsequent sulfidation *** well-designed NHCFs/Fe_(7) S_(8) electrode displays a remarkable capacity of 517 mAh g^(-1) at 2 A g^(-1)after 1000 cycles and a superb rate capability with a capability of 444 mAh g^(-1) even at 20 A g^(-1) in etherbased ***,the rate capability of NHCFs/Fe_(7) S_(8) is superior to that of the contrast NHCFs/FeS_(2) electrode and also much better than the values of the most previously reported iron sulfide-based *** in-depth mechanism explanation is explained by further experimental analysis and theoretical calculation,revealing Fe_(7) S_(8) displays improved intrinsic electronic conductivity and faster Na^(+) diffusion coefficient as well as higher reaction reversibility.

关键词： Sodium-ion batteries Anode High rate Iron sulfides N-doped hollow carbon fibers

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Parametric Study on SUV-e-Bike Collision for safety Test & Evaluation Regulations

Parametric Study on SUV-e-Bike Collision for Safety Test & E...

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China SAE Congress, 2021

作者： Liu, Yu Wan, Xinming Xu, Wei Shi, Liangliang Bai, Zhonghao State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body Hunan University Changsha410082 China State Key Laboratory of Vehicle NVH and Safety Technology Chongqing401122 China China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co. Ltd. Chongqing401122 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789811938412

To explore the kinematics and injury response of the rider’s head after the collision with the vehicle, and to determine the test and evaluation boundary for its protection. An accident involving an e-bike was reconstructed based on an automatic operation framework, then the reliability of the reconstruction model was verified from comparisons of rider’s kinematics, the rest position of three participants, and injury with accident information. Furthermore, a total of 1296 parametric cases were performed by the automatic operation framework, which was based on the validated model with a full factorial experimental design according to the collision boundary such as velocity, position, and angle from accidents. Finally, a data set with 1005 valid cases were used to discuss the distribution patterns of the head’s kinematics and injury response when colliding with the vehicle such as initial impacting time, linear and angular velocity, WAD, and also for head injury criteria (HIC15). The results show that WAD is positively correlated with the size of the rider and vehicle speed. All head contact points on the vehicle are located before WAD2100, and WAD1100–1600 should be considered significant for riders’ protection. 92% of the head impacting linear velocity are lower than 50 km/ h,78% is less than 40 km/h. Head collision angle of 50–70° accounts for 62%, and the average angle of 5th,50th,95th are 57°, 61°, 62° respectively. Head subsystem impactor, within test area of WAD1000–2100 and with impacting velocity of 40 km/h and angle of 65° in current pedestrian protection regulation, seems to be applicable to the boundary of test and evaluation for SUV to e-bike riders. 82% of cases with head initial collision time are less than 140ms, and head injuries of e-bike riders mainly come from ground collisions. As a preliminary exploration, distribution patterns of rider’s kinematics and injury response in this article will provide data and theoretical support for formulation and

关键词： Kinematics

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