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The biological functions and metabolic pathways of valine in swine

Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 20-34页

作者： Chuni Wang Yao Peng Yiru Zhang Juan Xu Sheng Jiang Leli Wang Yulong Yin Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of SciencesChangshaChina Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation College of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of SciencesTianjinChina

Valine is an essential amino acid and a type of branched-chain amino acid. Due to the involvement of branchedchain amino acids in various metabolic pathways, there has been a surge of interests in valine nutrition and its role in animal physiology. In pigs, the interactions between valine and other branched-chain amino acids or aromatic amino acids are complex. In this review, we delve into the interaction mechanism, metabolic pathways, and biological functions of valine. Appropriate valine supplementation not only enhances growth and reproductive performances, but also modulates gut microbiota and immune functions. Based on past observations and interpretations, we provide recommended feed levels of valine for weaned piglets, growing pigs, gilts, lactating sows, barrows and entire males. The summarized valine nutrient requirements for pigs at different stages offer valuable insights for future research and practical applications in animal husbandry.

关键词： Additional dosage Biological function Metabolic pathway Pig Valine

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Research progress on anti-stress nutrition strategies in swine

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animal Nutrition 2023年第2期13卷 342-360页

作者： Leli Wang Chuni Wang Yao Peng Yiru Zhang Yuxin Liu Yan Liu Yulong Yin Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of SciencesTianjinChina Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation College of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of SciencesChangshaChina

In swine production,stress is a common encounter that leads to serious bacterial infection and adverse effects on growth *** antibiotics have been frequently used to control pathogen spread,sustained negative impacts from antibiotics have been found to affect intestinal integrity and the immune *** nutritional strategies have shown potential to counteract stress and replace antibiotics,including functional amino acids,low protein diet,plant extracts,organic acids,prebiotics,probiotics,minerals and *** additives relieve the stress response in swine via different mechanisms and signal transduction *** on the overview of signaling pathways and stress models,this review highlights the potential of nutritional strategies in swine for preventing or treating stress-related health *** wider application in the pig industry,the dose ranges measured require for further validation in different physiological contexts and *** the future,micro-fluid devices and novel stress models are expected to enhance the efficiency of screening for new anti-stress candidates.

关键词： Nutritional strategy Anti-stress Swine Antibiotic

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Crosstalk between trace elements and T-cell immunity during early-life health in pigs

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2023年第9期66卷 1994-2005页

作者： Shunshun Jin Liuqin He Chengbo Yang Xinmiao He Heshu Chen Yanzhong Feng Wenjie Tang Jianzhong Li Di Liu Tiejun Li Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and HealthCollege of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China Department of Animal Science University of ManitobaWinnipegManitoba R3T2N2Canada CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Institute of Subtropical AgricultureHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessNational Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry ProductionChangsha 410125China Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin 150086China Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Animal Science AcademyChengdu 610066China

With gradual ban on the use of antibiotics, the deficiency and excessive use of trace elements in intestinal health is gaining attention. In mammals, trace elements are essential for the development of the immune system, specifically T-cell proliferation,and differentiation. However, there remain significant gaps in our understanding of the effects of certain trace elements on T-cell immune phenotypes and functions in pigs. In this review, we summarize the specificity, development, subpopulations, and responses to pathogens of porcine T cells and the effects of functional trace elements(e.g., iron, copper, zinc, and selenium) on intestinal T-cell immunity during early-life health in pigs. Furthermore, we discuss the current trends of research on the crosstalk mechanisms between trace elements and T-cell immunity. The present review expands our knowledge of the association between trace elements and T-cell immunity and provides an opportunity to utilize the metabolism of trace elements as a target to treat various diseases.

关键词： trace elements T cells pig gut immunity

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Effects of fermented sweet potato residue on nutrient digestibility,meat quality,and intestinal microbes in broilers

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animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 75-86页

作者： Ting Yao Chenyu Wang Lifen Liang Xuan Xiang Hui Zhou Wentao Zhou Ruoxin Hou Tianli Wang Liuqin He Shiyu Bin Yulong Yin Tiejun Li Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical RegionNational Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry ProductionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangsha 410125China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection Ministry of EducationCollege of Life ScienceGuangxi Normal UniversityGuangxi 541004China

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different proportions of dietary fermented sweet potato residue(FSPR)supplementation as a substitute for corn on the nutrient digestibility,meat quality,and intestinal microbes of yellow-feathered *** 1(force-feeding)evaluated the nutrient composition and digestibility of mixtures with different proportions of sweet potato residue(70%,80%,90%,and 100%)before and after *** Experiment 2(metabolic growth),a total of 420 one-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were randomly allocated to 4 groups and fed corn-soybean meal-based diets with 0,5%,8%,and 10%FSPR as a substitute for *** force-feeding and metabolic growth experiments were performed for 9 and 70 d,*** treatment of 70%sweet potato residue(after fermentation)had the highest levels of crude protein,ether extract,and crude fiber and improved the digestibility of crude protein and amino acids(P<0.05).Although dietary FSPR supplementation at different levels had no significant effect on growth performance and intestinal morphology,it improved slaughter rate,half-chamber rate,full clearance rate,and meat color,as well as reduced cooking loss in the breast and thigh muscles(P<0.05).Dietary supplementation with 8%and 10%FSPR increased the serum immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G levels in broilers(P<0.05).Furthermore,10%FSPR increased the Shannon index and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014,Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010 and Romboutsia abundances and decreased Sutterella and Megamonas abundances(P<0.05).Spearman's correlation analysis showed that meat color was positively correlated with Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014(P<0.05)and negatively correlated with Megamonas(P<0.05).Collectively,70%sweet potato residue(after fermen-tation)had the best nutritional value and nutrient *** supplementation with 8%to 10%FSPR as a substitute for corn can improve the slaughter performance,meat quality,and intestinal microbe profiles of *** fin

关键词： Fermented sweet potato residue Meat quality intestinal microbiota Broiler

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Zinc lactate alleviates oxidative stress by modulating crosstalk between constitutive androstane receptor signaling pathway and gut microbiota profile in weaned piglets

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animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 23-33页

作者： Wenjie Tang Xuan Xiang Houfu Wang Wentao Zhou Liuqin He Yulong Yin Tiejun Li College of Animal Science and Technology Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical RegionNational Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry ProductionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangsha 410125China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China College of Advanced Agricultural Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Sichuan Academy of Animal Sciences Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu 610066China Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Animtech Feed Co.LtdChengdu 610000China

This study aimed to determine the regulatory mechanism of dietary zinc lactate(ZL)supplementation on intestinal oxidative stress damage in a paraquat(PQ)-induced piglet ***-eight piglets(mean body weight 9.51±0.23 kg)weaned at 28 d of age were randomly divided into control,ZL,PQ,and ZL+PQ groups(n=7 in each group).The ZL-supplemented diet had little effect on growth performance under normal physiological ***,under PQ challenge,ZL supplementation significantly improved average daily gain(P<0.05)and reduced the frequency of *** improved intestinal morphology and ultrastructure by significantly increasing the expression level of the jejunal tight junction protein,zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)(P<0.05),and intestinal zinc transport and absorption in PQ-induced piglets,which reduced intestinal *** supplementation also enhanced the expression of antioxidant and antiinflammatory factor-related genes and decreased inflammatory cytokine expression and secretion in PQinduced ***,ZL treatment significantly inhibited the activation of constitutive androstane receptor(CAR)signaling(P<0.01)in PQ-induced piglets and altered the structure of the gut microbiota,especially by significantly increasing the abundance of beneficial gut microbes,including UCG_002,Ruminococcus,Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group,Christensenellaceae_R_7_group,Treponema,unclassified_Christensenellaceae,and unclassified_Erysipelotrichaceae(P<0.05).These data reveal that pre-administration of ZL to piglets can suppress intestinal oxidative stress by improving antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity and regulating the crosstalk between CAR signaling and gut microbiota.

关键词： Zinc lactate intestinal barrier Oxidative stress Inflammation Constitutive androstane receptor Gut microbiota

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N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine improves the intestinal development and nutrient absorption of weaned piglets via regulating the activity of intestinal stem cells

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animal Nutrition 2022年第1期8卷 10-17页

作者： Zhaobin Wang Jie Hu Xinyuan Yang Lanmei Yin Min Wang Yuebang Yin Jianzhong Li Huansheng Yang Yulong Yin Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and HealthLaboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangshaHunan410081China Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Institute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesHunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry ProductionScientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-CentralMinistry of AgricultureHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessChangshaHunan410125China

Early weaning in piglets can cause a series of negative *** causes serious losses to the livestock industry.N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine(D-GlcNAc)plays an important role in regulating the homeostasis of the *** study aimed to investigate the effects of D-GlcNAc on the growth performance and intestinal function of weaned ***-four weaned piglets([Yorkshire×Landrace]Duroc,6.58±0.15 kg,n=8)at 21 d old were fed 3 diets supplemented with 0(control),1 and 3 g/kg *** intestinal organoid model was used to verify the regulatory mechanism of D-GlcNAc on intestinal epithelial *** the whole,supplementation of D-GlcNAc in the piglet diet has no significant effect on the growth performance and diarrhoea of weaned piglets(P>0.05).The apparent digestibility of nutrients and mRNA abundance of nutrient transporters in the 1 g/kg D-GlcNAc group were increased significantly(P<0.05).D-GlcNAc did not affect villus height(VH)and crypt depth(CD)but resulted in a numerically shorter VH and shallower CD,which lead to an increase in ileal VH:CD ratio(P<0.05).Cell shedding rates in the ileum villi increased(P<0.05).The relative length and weight of the small intestine of weaned piglets increased(P<0.05).In vitro studies found that the budding rates of organoids treated with 0.1 mmol/L D-GlcNAc increased on the d 3 and 5(P<0.05).The average budding numbers per budding organoid treated with 0.1 and 10 mmol/L D-GlcNAc increased on d 3(P<0.05).D-GlcNAc upregulated leucine rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5(Lgr5^(+))and Chromogranin A mRNA abundance in organoids(P<0.05).Mucin 2(Muc2)expression increased when treated with 1 and 10 mmol/L D-GlcNAc(P<0.05).In conclusion,dietary D-GlcNAc cannot improve the growth performance of weaned ***,it can promote the growth and development of the intestinal tract and improve the digestion and absorption capacity of the intestine,which is achieved by affecting the activity of intestinal stem cell

关键词： N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine Weaned piglet Growth performance intestinal organoid intestinal stem cell

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Effects ofβ-alanine on intestinal development and immune performance of weaned piglets

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animal Nutrition 2023年第1期12卷 398-408页

作者： Linlin Chen Yan Zhong Xiangqin Ouyang Chunfeng Wang Lanmei Yin Jing Huang Yali Li Qiye Wang Junyan Xie Pengfei Huang Huansheng Yang Yulong Yin National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology Tianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesTianjin300308China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation College of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangshaHunan410081China Chinese Academy of Science Institute of Subtropical AgricultureResearch Center for Healthy Breeding of Livestock and PoultryChangshaHunan410125China

Beta-alanine is an important amino acid involved in several metabolic reactions in the *** study aimed to investigate the effect ofβ-alanine supplementation on intestinal development and the immune performance of weaned ***-two 21-day-old healthy weaned piglets(half female and half male;Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire)with an initial body weight of 8.11±0.21 kg were randomly divided into 4 groups with 8 replicates of 1 pig *** control group was fed a basal diet and the three experimental treatment groups were fed diets supplemented with 300,600 and 1,200 mg/kgβ-alanine,*** trial lasted 28 days and the diets fed were divided into 2 phases:the late lactation period(day 1 to 14)and the nursery period(day 15 to 28),during which the weaned piglets had free access to food and *** regulatory effects ofβ-alanine were further investigated in vitro using organoids obtained from the jejunum of *** vivo,the addition ofβ-alanine to the diet had no significant effect on the growth performance of weaned piglets(P>0.05),but significantly reduced serum levels of immunoglobulin G(IgG)(P<0.01),immunoglobulin M(IgM)(P=0.005),and complement 3(C3)(P=0.017).The serum interleukin-6(IL-6)levels(P<0.01)were significantly reduced in the 1,200 mg/kg treatment *** addition ofβ-alanine increased ileal villus height,with the most significant effect at a concentration of 300 mg/kg(P=0.041).The addition of 600 mg/kgβ-alanine significantly up-regulated the expression of superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity(P=0.020)and the zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)gene(P=0.049)in the *** supplemented with 300 mg/kgβ-alanine significantly increased the number of Ki67 positive cells in the jejunal crypts(P<0.01).In vitro,β-alanine increased the organoid budding rates(P=0.001)and the budding height of the crypt significantly(P=0.004).In conclusion,β-alanine can improve intestinal morphology and barrier function,reduce inflammatory responses and alleviate the adverse ef

关键词： Weaned piglet Beta-alanine intestinal development Immune performance

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Synergistic photothermal effect and nanoenzyme for efficient antibacterial activity

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Science China Materials 2024年第9期67卷 2985-2994页

作者： Rong Li Shasha Chen Xingang Zhang Fan Zeng Xianyin Song Jia Yin Changzhong Jiang Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Matter Microstructure and Function of Hunan ProvinceDepartment of Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and ApplicationsHunan Normal UniversityChangsha410081China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation College of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangsha410081China College of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha410082China

The continuous emergence of drug-resistant bacteria has become a serious threat to human and animal *** new non-antibiotic therapeutic drugs with high efficiency and low resistance is a promising strategy for combating drug-resistant ***,a novel composite structure based on a hollow metal-organic framework(MOF)wrapped Au nanorod and loaded Pt nanoparticles(Au NR@H-ZIF-8@Pt)is designed for combating drug-resistant *** Au NR@H-ZIF-8@Pt composite structures serve a twofold purpose:(1)showing superior photothermal conversion efficiency under near-infrared light irradiation,thus achieving an antibacterial effect based on photothermal effect,and(2)exhibiting high-efficiency peroxidase-like activity,and effectively killing bacteria by reactive oxygen species(ROS)generated in *** combining photothermal and catalytic effects for in vitro antibacterial experiments,Au NR@H-ZIF-8@Pt exhibits efficient,rapid,broad-spectrum antibacterial activity(99.7%for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 98.3%for Staphylococcus aureus).In addition,in vivo experiments further demonstrate the advantages of the material in promoting bacterial infection wound *** study not only facilitates the design of novel biological nanomaterials,but also provides new ideas for combating drug-resistant bacteria.

关键词： photothermal therapy nanoenzyme antibacterial treatment metal-organic framework

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Glutamine in suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced piglet intestinal inflammation:The crosstalk between AMPK activation and mitochondrial function

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animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 137-147页

作者： Liuqin He Xihong Zhou Ziping Wu Yanzhong Feng Di Liu Tiejun Li Yulong Yin Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangsha410081China Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Institute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessChangsha410125China Agricultural and Food Economics Queen's University BelfastNorthern IrelandBT95PXUnited Kingdom Heilongjiang Academy of Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin150086China

The study was conducted to investigate the regulatory mechanism of glutamine(Gln)on intestinal inflammation in an Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide(*** LPS)-induced in vivo and in vitro ***(n=8)weaned at 21 d of age were fed a basal diet(control and LPS groups)or 1%Gln diet(Gln t LPS group)ad libitum for 4 *** d 22,24,26 and 28,piglets in the LPS and Gln t LPS groups were intraperitoneally injected with *** *** porcine epithelial cells(IPEC-J2)(n=6)induced by LPS were used to assess related mechanisms and compound C was used to inhibit adenosine 50-monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)*** current results showed that compared with the LPS treatment,the Gln t LPS treatment had better growth performance and greater villus height(P<0.05),and the Gln t LPS treatment reduced the rate of diarrhea by 6.4%(P<0.05);the Gln t LPS treatment decreased serum tumor necrosis factor(TNF-ɑ),interleukin-6(IL-6),Kt,cortisol and insulin levels,whereas increased(P<0.05)serum immunoglobulin M and epidermal growth factor levels;the Gln t LPS treatment increased(P<0.05)the expression of aquaporins and AMPK pathwayassociated targets in the jejunum and ileum of piglets,whereas decreased the expression of ion transporters(P<0.05).The in vitro results showed that 4 mmol/L Gln administration could inhibit(P<0.05)cell apoptosis and interleukin-1b(IL-1b),IL-6 and TNF-ɑsecretion in LPS-induced IPEC-J2 cells,promote(P<0.05)mitochondrial respiratory metabolism and increase(P<0.05)the number of mitochondria and mitochondrial membrane *** activity of AMPK was elevated by 70%to 300%in Gln-treated IPEC-J2 cells under LPS challenge or normal *** results indicate that pre-administration of Gln to piglets suppresses intestinal inflammation by modulating the crosstalk between AMPK activation and mitochondrial function.

关键词： Glutamine Weaned piglet intestinal inflammation AMPK Mitochondrial function

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Glutamine,glutamate,and aspartate differently modulate energy homeostasis of small intestine under normal or low energy status in piglets

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animal Nutrition 2022年第1期8卷 216-226页

作者： Jing Wang Nan Wang Ming Qi Jianjun Li Bie Tan College of Animal Science and Technology Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128HunanChina Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and RegulationSchool of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081HunanChina Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical RegionNational Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry ProductionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangsha 410125HunanChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10008China

Weaning stress may cause reduced energy intake for maintenance of mucosal ***,Glu,and Asp are major energy sources for the small *** study investigated whether Gln,Glu,and Asp improve the intestinal morphology via regulating the energy metabolism in weaning piglets.A total of 198 weaned piglets were assigned to 3 treatments:Control(Basal diet+1.59%L-Ala);T1(Basal diet+1%L-Gln+0.5%L-Glu+0.1%L-Asp);T2(Low energy diet+1%L-Gln+0.5%L-Glu+0.1%L-Asp).Jejunum and ileum were obtained on d 5 or 21 post-weaning.T1 enhanced growth performance.T1 and T2 treatments improved small intestinal morphology by increasing villus height,goblet cell number and decreasing crypt *** post-weaning affected the efficacy of T2,but not T1,on energy *** normal energy supplementation,Gln,Glu,and Asp restored small intestinal energy homeostasis via replenishing the Krebs'cycle and down-regulating the AMPK(adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase)*** these are not sufficient to maintain the intestinal energy-balance of piglets fed with a low energy diet on d 5 post-weaning,the AMPK,glycolysis,beta-oxidation,and mitochondrial biogenesis are activated to meet the high energy demand of *** data indicated that Gln,Glu,and Asp could restore the energy homeostasis of intestinal mucosa of weaning piglets under normal energy *** energy feeding may increase the susceptibility of piglets to stress,which may decrease the efficacy of Gln,Glu,and Asp on the restoration of energy *** findings provide new information on nutritional intervention for insufficient energy intake in weaning piglets.

关键词： Glutamine Glutamate Aspartate Small intestine Energy metabolism

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