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Surface protonation amplifies carbon nitride nanosheet-induced phospholipid extraction: Mechanistic insights into enhanced cytotoxicity

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Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology

Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology 2025年 7卷 1169-1177页

作者： Yiping Feng Jiayong Lao Jingchuan Xue Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control School of Environmental Science and Engineering Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Low-carbon Pollution Prevention and Digital Technology South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China SCNU (NAN’AN) Green and Low-carbon Innovation Center Nan’an SCNU Institute of Green and Low-carbon Research Quanzhou 362300 China Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green Development Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education School of Ecology Environment and Resources Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Social-Natural Complex Ecosystems in Haizhu Wetlands Guangzhou 510006 China

The transformation of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) in biological and environmental systems can significantly alter its properties and toxicity, posing potential risks to human health and biological systems. This study systematically examines the cytotoxicity evolution of protonated carbon nitride (p-C 3 N 4 ) toward red blood cells and elucidates its underlying mechanisms. Hemolysis assays revealed that p-C 3 N 4 exhibits enhanced phospholipid membrane-rupturing capabilities compared to pristine g-C 3 N 4 , with absence of significant lipid peroxidation detected via malondialdehyde assays. Surface characterization revealed that protonation reduces the net negative charge of carbon nitride, thereby increasing its affinity with phospholipid membranes. Molecular docking simulations identified that the interactions between p-C 3 N 4 and phospholipid molecules are governed by electrostatic and hydrophobic forces, as well as hydrogen bonding with oxygen-containing functional groups. Molecular dynamics simulations further revealed that larger oxygen-bearing macropores on p-C 3 N 4 allow for tight and specific binding with phospholipid headgroups, facilitating efficient lipid extraction and intensifying membrane disruption. These findings provide critical insights into the cytotoxic changes that carbon nitride materials may undergo during transformations, emphasizing the importance of careful application and disposal of them in biomedical and environmental contexts. Furthermore, this work highlights opportunities to mitigate associated risks or use surface protonation for enhanced functionality in carbon nitride-based technologies.

关键词： graphitic carbon nitride surface protonation cytotoxicity phospholipid membrane extraction of phospholipids

Nanoselenium and Selenium Yeast Have Minimal Differences on Egg Production and Se Deposition in Laying Hens

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Biological Trace Element Research 2021年第6期199卷 2295-2302页

作者： Meng, Tian-Tian Lin, Xue Xie, Chun-Yan He, Jian-Hua Xiang, Yang-Kui Huang, Yi-Qiang Wu, Xin Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Resources and Environment Hunan Agricultural University Changsha 410128 China Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha 410125 China Hunan Provincial Research Center of Mineral Element Nutrition Engineering Technology Xing-Jia Bio-engineering Co. Ltd. Changsha 410300 China

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of nanoselenium (NS) and selenium yeast (SY) on the performance, egg selenium (Se) concentration, and anti-oxidative capacity of hens. A total of 216 Brown Hy-line hens (29-week old) were randomly allocated into three treatments (6 replicate/treatment, 12 hens/replicate). The pre-trial period lasted 7 days, and the experimental period lasted 35 days. Dietary treatments included corn-soybean meal basal diet (containing 0.16 μg Se/g, as control group), and basal diet supplemented with 0.3 mg Se/kg diet (Se was from NS or SY), called as SY group or NS group, respectively. At the end of the experiment, one hen per replicate from each treatment was slaughtered. Liver, spleen, and kidney tissues were sampled for the determination of Se concentrations. The results showed that NS or SY supplement significantly improved feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05), soft broken egg rate (P < 0.05), and the serum T-AOC value (P < 0.05) when compared with control group. Remarkably, the deposition of Se increased significantly (P < 0.05) and equivalently in egg, liver, and kidney of hens supplemented with both NS and SY. Interestingly, SY supplement also enhanced the serum CAT and SOD activities (P < 0.05), NS but not SY significantly reduced serum MDA (P < 0.05), whereas RT-PCR results did not show significant differences in the mRNA levels of antioxidant genes among three groups (P > 0.05). Taken together, dietary supplemented with SY or NS improved the Se deposition in eggs, liver and kidney of laying hens, increased antioxidant activity, and NS supplement had greater Se deposition in the kidney tissue than SY supplement. SY or NS supplement could be considered to be applied for Se-enriched egg production. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

关键词： Antioxidant capacity Laying hens Nanoselenium Selenium deposition Selenium yeast

Cuo/Zno Based Photo Microbial Fuel Cell: A More Sensitive Heavy Metal Biosensor

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Lu, Yue Hu, Xingxin Tang, Lin Peng, Bo Tang, Jin Zeng, Taotao Zhang, Xunkuo Liu, Qian College of Environmental Science and Engineering Hunan University South Lushan Road Hunan Changsha410082 China Ministry of Education Changsha Hunan 410082 China College of Geographic Science Hunan Normal University Changsha410081 China Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Technology University of South China Hunan Hengyang421001 China

The development of biosensors with high sensitivity and detection limit plays an important role in realizing real-time warning of water environment. In this study, a novel self-powered photo-microbial fuel cell ( PMFC ) sensor was developed for the detection of heavy metals in aqueous solution. The improvement of heavy metal detection performance of PMFC was verified in light condition compared to dark condition(25.72% vs. 21.67% of 1 mg L -1 Cd 2+ ). The results show that the inhibition ratio was higher and the linear relationship performed better (R 2 =0.973 of Cd 2+ ) under light condition in the comparison with dark condition (R 2 =0.811 of Cd 2+ ). The power generation performance of PMFC also improved from 51.61 mW/m 2 to 87.49 mW/m 2 . Besides, the mechanism of PMFC sensor detection was proposed by UV−vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and Mott-Schottky curve. To sum up, this study has taken advantage of the characteristics of PMFC to promote electricity generation in the detection of heavy metals, and which provides a novel method for developing biosensors. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biosensors

Mechanisms of Well Iron Clogging in Groundwater Heat Pump Systems: Insights from Video Imaging, Hydro-Geo-Chemical Analysis, and Geochemical Modeling

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Shi, Min Yang, Yuesuo Wu, Yuhui Wang, Qiandan Gao, Lei Lu, Ying Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Jilin University Ministry of Education Changchun130021 China Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment Jilin University Changchun130021 China Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Restoration in Farmland Soil South China Institute of Environmental Sciences MEE Guangzhou510535 China Waite Campus UrrbraeSA5064 Australia

Groundwater heat pump (GWHP) systems are increasingly popular as low-carbon and environmentally friendly technologies, but well clogging induced by iron remains a significant issue. This study investigated the clogging characteristics and biogeochemistry of three typical wells (pumping, injection, and observation wells) in an operating GWHP system using video imaging, sampling, and analysis of hydro-geo-chemical and microbial data. The results revealed that iron-induced well clogging is a complex process involving physical, chemical, and microbial factors. Pumping wells experience clogging due to water mixing with varying redox conditions, resulting in hematite-based iron oxide deposits. Injection wells exhibit higher clogging severity, with transformed oxidation and accumulation of reduced iron minerals at the solid-liquid interface, resulting in darker colored clogs with magnetite. Clogging in both extraction and injection wells is closely related to iron-rich aquifer sections, where severe clogging occurs. Shallow clogging due to iron oxide is limited and attributed to the oxidation of zero-valent iron in well casing material. Iron-oxidizing bacteria and iron-reducing bacteria were detected in the consolidated deposits of clogged wells, indicating their involvement in the clogging formation process. Moreover, a strong correlation was observed between the presence of nitrate-reducing bacteria in the water phase and the severity of clogging, suggesting a possible link between iron oxidation and nitrate reduction in the system. Geochemical modeling results further supported the observed clogging severity in GWHP systems and confirmed varying clogging mechanisms in different wells and depths. These findings contribute to the understanding of clogging in GWHP operations, aiding in robust water utilization and energy-saving efforts, and supporting global carbon reduction initiatives. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biogeochemistry

Efficient Degradation of Thiamethoxam Pesticides in Water by Iron and Manganese Oxide Composite Biochar Activated Persulfate

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Yang, Xue Guo, Zhi Chen, Xing Xi, Shanshan Cui, Kangping Li, Jie Dong, Dazhuang Wu, Feiyan Wu, Zhangzhen School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei230009 China Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery Hefei University of Technology Hefei230009 China Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology And Institute of Intelligent Machines Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei230031 China Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environmental and Energy Engineering Anhui Jianzhu University Hefei China

Neonicotinoid pesticides in aquatic environments pose a risk to the sustainability of ecosystems and human health. However, there is limited research on the removal of these pesticides from aquatic systems. In this study, biochar doped with different Fe/Mn ratios (FeMn-BC) were prepared at various pyrolysis temperatures and used for the degradation of a typical neonicotinoid pesticide, thiamethoxam (TMX), by activated persulfate (PS). From the experimental results, it is known that the biochar with a Fe/Mn ratio of 3/1 prepared at 600 °C has the most excellent removal efficiency. Optimal degradation conditions were investigated, and under these conditions, TMX removal rates of up to 99.0% in 90 minutes were achieved. The applicability of this system in natural surroundings were tested by investigating the effects of inorganic anions and humic acid and in real water samples on TMX removal. In addition, the TMX removal remainly reach to 90.0% by FeMn-BC activated PS and basically no change after five reuse cycles. Free radical quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis revealed that SO4•‒ and •OH radicals on the catalyst surface were the main radicals promoting TMX degradation. Combining the catalyst characterization and experimental results, the possible mechanisms were proposed: the interaction of iron and manganese ions and the oxygen-containing functional groups on the catalyst surface together promote the generation of reactive radicals. This study provides a novel approach for removing neonicotinoid pesticides using modified biochar. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Free radicals

Enhanced sequestration of uranium by coexisted lead and organic matter during ferrihydrite transformation

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Chemosphere 2023年第1期341卷 140041页

作者： Huang, Xixian Ding, Yang Zhu, Nengwu Li, Liuqin Fang, Qi School of Resource & Environment and Safety Engineering University of South China Hunan Hengyang421001 China School of Environment and Energy Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling South China University of Technology Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy University of South China Hengyang421001 China

The dynamic reactions of uranium (U) with iron (Fe) minerals change its behaviors in soil environment, however, how the coexisted constituents in soil affect U sequestration and release on Fe minerals during the transformation remains unclear. Herein, coupled effects of lead (Pb) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) on U speciation and release kinetics during the catalytic transformations of ferrihydrite (Fh) by Fe(II) were investigated. Our results revealed that the coexistence of Pb and DOM significantly reduced U release and increased the immobilization of U during Fh transformation, which were attributed to the enhanced inhibition of Fh transformation, the declined release of DOM and the increased U(VI) reduction. Specifically, the presence of Pb increased the coprecipitation of condensed aromatics, polyphenols and phenols, and these molecules were preferentially maintained by Fe (oxyhydr)oxides. The sequestrated polyphenols and phenols could further facilitate U(VI) reduction to U(IV). Additionally, a higher Pb content in coprecipitates caused a slower U release, especially when DOM was present. Compared with Pb, the concentrations of the released U were significantly lower during the transformation. Our results contribute to predicting U sequestration and remediating U-contaminated soils. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Remediation

Oxygen Vacancies Induce Boosted Photocarriers Dynamics in Wo3/Ti3c2 Micro-Nano Structures with Enriched 2d-2d Interfaces for Trimethylamine Abatement

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Duan, Zeyu Zhong, Ao Tang, Qijun Wang, Haiqiang Wu, Zhongbiao College of Environmental & Resources Science Zhejiang University Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health Ministry of Education Hangzhou310058 China Zhejiang Tianlan Environmental Protection Technology Co. Ltd. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Air Pollution Monitoring and Synergestic Control Hangzhou311202 China School of Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Guangdong Shenzhen518172 China

Purification of nitrogenous malodorous VOCs using photocatalytic technology is of great importance, but efficient catalysts for nitrogen-containing molecules still need to be developed. Here, we have successfully synthesized WO3/Ti3C2 microstructures with enriched 2D-2D interfaces and reported boosted photogenerated carrier dynamics induced by oxygen vacancies at the interfaces using trimethylamine as a model for nitrogen-containing pollutants. Experimental results and theoretical calculations revealed that the oxygen vacancy modification could significantly improve the adsorption of trimethylamine molecules due to the nucleophilic nature of the N atom. In addition, benefiting from the intimate 2D-2D bonding between Ti3C2 MXene and WO3 nanosheets, the electron transport at the interfaces was greatly reinforced, and over 90% elimination of 50 ppm trimethylamine could be achieved within 30 min under visible-light irradiation. This work opens new avenues to construct visible-light-responsive semiconductor materials for nitrogen-containing VOCs’removal. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanosheets

Nano Zero-Valent Iron Enhances the Mobilization and Absorption of Chromium in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.): Implication for Cr Risks Management in Paddy Fields

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Liu, Ting Guan, Zeting Li, Jingjing Ao, Ming Sun, Shengsheng Deng, Tenghaobo Wang, Shizhong Tang, Yetao Lin, Qingqi Ni, Zhuobiao Qiu, Rongliang Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety College of Natural Resources and Environment South China Agricultural University Guangzhou510642 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation School of Environmental Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou510006 China Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Guangzhou510640 China

Chromium (Cr) accumulating in soil caused serious pollution to cultivated land. At present, nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) is considered to be a promising remediation material for Cr-contaminated soil. However, the impact on the behavior of Cr in the soil-rice system under high natural geological background value remains unknown. We studied the effects of nZVI on the migration and transformation of Cr in paddy soil-rice by pot experiment. Three different doses of nZVI (0, 0.001% and 0.1% (w/w)) treatments and one dose of 0.1% (w/w) nZVI treatment without plant rice were set up. Under continuous flooding conditions, nZVI significantly increased rice biomass compared with the control. At the same time, nZVI significantly promoted the reduction of Fe in the soil, increased the concentration of dissolved Fe and bioavailable Cr, then facilitated the absorption of Cr in rice roots and the transportation to the aboveground part. In addition, the enrichment of Fe(III)-reducing bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria in soil provided electron donors for Cr oxidation, which helps to form bioavailable Cr that is easily absorbed by plants. There is an unexpected environmental risk associated with nZVI application to the high geological background contaminated paddy soil, and one should be aware this risk when applying nZVI aiming to minimize human Cr exposure health risks via rice consumption. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bacteria

Nano Zero-Valent Iron Enhances the Mobilization and Absorption of Chromium in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.): Implication for Cr Risks Management in Paddy Fields

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Liu, Ting Guan, Zeting Li, Jingjing Ao, Ming Sun, Shengsheng Deng, Tenghaobo Wang, Shizhong Tang, Yetao Lin, Qingqi Ni, Zhuobiao Qiu, Rongliang Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety College of Natural Resources and Environment South China Agricultural University Guangzhou510642 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation School of Environmental Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou510006 China Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Guangzhou510640 China

关键词： Bacteria