This paper describes some of the influences contributing to and issues in dealing with the evolution of user interface guidelines over time. In particular, we focus on the evolution of ibm's user interface archite...
This paper describes some of the influences contributing to and issues in dealing with the evolution of user interface guidelines over time. In particular, we focus on the evolution of ibm's user interface architecture, the Common User Access(TM) (CUA(TM)) interface, over a period of six years. Discussed are the key architectural and design elements of the CUA Workplace Model, the fundamental shifts in computer-human interaction that have occurred since the first publication of the guidelines in 1987, and how user interface design, operating systems, and tools have interacted in the evolution of the guidelines. The information should help designers of user interfaces and developers of user interface guidelines to appreciate some of the factors involved in the long-term evolution of a user interface style. The paper provides an introduction to the most recent evolutionary step in the CUA style (the Workplace Model) to help the reader place these factors in perspective relative to the degree of evolutionary change.
This paper discusses the details, insights. and rationale of the Operating System/2(R) (OS/2(R)) Version 2 Workplace Model, an implementation of the user interface defined by the ibm 1991 Common User Access(TM) (CUA(T...
This paper discusses the details, insights. and rationale of the Operating System/2(R) (OS/2(R)) Version 2 Workplace Model, an implementation of the user interface defined by the ibm 1991 Common User Access(TM) (CUA(TM)) guidelines. The Workplace Model is described as an object-oriented user interface where objects represented by icons are manipulated by selection and movement, copying and creation of other objects, and by defining their behavior to accomplish the user's desired task.
This paper describes some techniques that can be used for Cross System Product/Application Development (CSP/AD) application design. CSP/AD is an application development tool for professional programmers. A well-design...
This paper describes some techniques that can be used for Cross System Product/Application Development (CSP/AD) application design. CSP/AD is an application development tool for professional programmers. A well-designed application is obtained by using proven principles of structured analysis, structured design, and structured programming. An understanding of these principles and the application definition constructs provided by Cross System Product/Application Development is necessary for the CSP/AD application designer. Application design for CSP/AD is accomplished by using a combination of techniques for data design, application design, and application program design. For each of these design techniques there exist formal, accepted practices, and methodologies that may be used. These techniques are described, and methods that have proven successful for designing CSP/AD applications are presented.
Knowledge-based systems technology is a branch of artificial intelligence that deals with the processing of knowledge, as distinct from other branches of artificial intelligence that deal with topics such as robotics,...
Knowledge-based systems technology is a branch of artificial intelligence that deals with the processing of knowledge, as distinct from other branches of artificial intelligence that deal with topics such as robotics, vision systems, and speech recognition. This paper describes how, over the last decade, knowledge-based systems have evolved into a viable technology for building commercial data processing applications, and how increasing attention has been paid to incorporating these applications into commercial data processing environments. A logical conclusion of this direction is the capability to build knowledge-based applications that are full systems Application Architecture™ (SAA™) applications. As this conclusion is approached, a requirement emerges that the knowledge-based development process be integrated with the application development environment provided by the other SAA language and service components. The integrated environment must provide high customer productivity in the development of applications that use knowledge-based technology, and must support a spectrum of development scenarios, ranging from the most basic to those involving complex applications and large development teams. This paper explores how knowledge-based products can address these requirements by integrating their development facilities with AD/Cycle™.
This paper describes, in general terms, distributed database and its relationship to systems Application Architecture (SAA). It shows the importance to effective distribution of ibm's Structured Query Language (SQ...
This paper describes, in general terms, distributed database and its relationship to systems Application Architecture (SAA). It shows the importance to effective distribution of ibm's Structured Query Language (SQL), the database element of the systems Application Architecture Common programming Interface (SAA CPI). The paper defines five levels of distribution, showing how each fits real-world application requirements. Finally, it outlines the magnitude of the task.
An application generator is a generalized application development tool with which professional programmers develop applications using a fourth-generation language. This paper describes the requirements that led to the...
An application generator is a generalized application development tool with which professional programmers develop applications using a fourth-generation language. This paper describes the requirements that led to the Cross System Product application generator, and how the product progressed from a single-environment product to the current multienvironment product. Also described are how the Cross System Product fits within systems Application Architecture and how that may affect the future of the Cross System Product.
B3-splines are introduced in this paper with explicit expressions. The new splines are extensions of the B-spline but overcome the latter's weakness of not passing through interpolation points for curve or surface...
详细信息
B3-splines are introduced in this paper with explicit expressions. The new splines are extensions of the B-spline but overcome the latter's weakness of not passing through interpolation points for curve or surface fitting. Between consecutive control points, three cubic functions are used. Computation is simple with data from prestored tables. No trial-and-error steps in selecting control points are necessary in order to create smooth interpolation. With other good properties, such as C 2 -continuity and localization, the new splines can be implemented very well for interactive curve and surface fitting in computer-aided design (CAD). This paper describes the exact cubic expressions and their derivations. Their advantages over B-spline and Bézier spline for interactive applications are discussed.
作者：
Fenton, L.H.IBM
VM Programming Systems Kingston NY USA IBM VM Programming Systems Kingston NY USA
The report addressed five major areas of concern: quality, the interface between the customer and ibm, the need for better problem diagnostic tools, and the process for delivering product and service. In addition, rec...
详细信息
The report addressed five major areas of concern: quality, the interface between the customer and ibm, the need for better problem diagnostic tools, and the process for delivering product and service. In addition, recommendations relating to education were included throughout the report. Each of the areas is discussed in detail. ibm's general direction and strategy to address the generic problem is presented.
Significant progress has been made in the effort to separate programmers from the management of data storage. By comparison, the window of a workstation is still managed and controlled in great detail by the typical p...
Significant progress has been made in the effort to separate programmers from the management of data storage. By comparison, the window of a workstation is still managed and controlled in great detail by the typical programmer. In AD/Cycle™ user interface services defined a set of services that assist in the management of the displays on the workstation. These services also help increase the productivity of the tool builder by enforcing Common User Access rules and guidelines, and raise the level of consistency of user displays of the tools in AD/Cycle.
ibm's Repository Manager™ enables specifications involved in the program application development process to be managed. On the basis of the technology, the Repository Manager/MVS™ was developed as a product. The p...
ibm's Repository Manager™ enables specifications involved in the program application development process to be managed. On the basis of the technology, the Repository Manager/MVS™ was developed as a product. The primary concepts and services of the technology are introduced, and specific aspects of the product and its operation are discussed. A discussion of what is involved in designing and implementing a tool is also included.
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