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Impact of CO 2 impurity on CO 2 compression, liquefaction and transportation

Energy Procedia 2014年 63卷 2764-2778页

作者： B. Wetenhall H. Aghajani H. Chalmers S.d. Benson M-C. Ferrari J. Li J.M. race P. Singh J. davison Newcastle University School of Marine Science and Technology Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK University of Edinburgh School of Engineering Edinburgh EH9 3JL UK IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme Pure Offices Cheltenham Office Park Hatherley Lane Cheltenham UK

The impurities present in carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) streams for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) schemes are extremely important for CO 2 pipeline and ship transportation affecting, for instance, the range of operation, safety considerations, fracture, cracking, corrosion control, dispersion in the event of a release, fluid density, operating pressure and temperature and the quantity of CO 2 that can be transported. The range and levels of potential impurities present in captured CO 2 from CO 2 capture facilities will differ between sources and also between the capture technologies installed at the CO 2 emission sources. However, the potential CO 2 specifications that could enter the transport and storage systems, particularly from industrial sources, remain relatively under-researched. Consequently, the effect of these potential impurities in CO 2 streams on CO 2 transportation also needs to be understood. This paper summarises the main findings of an ieaghg study, “Impact of CO 2 Impurity on CO 2 Compression, Liquefaction and Transportation”, commissioned to identify potential impurities and address the consequences of their impact on CO 2 transportation.

关键词： Impurity CO 2 Compression CO 2 liquefaction Transportation

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Evaluation of reclaimer Sludge disposal from Post-combustion CO 2 Capture

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Energy Procedia 2014年 63卷 926-939页

作者： A. Sexton K. dombrowski P. Nielsen G. rochelle K. Fisher J. Youngerman E. Chen P. Singh J. davison Trimeric Corporation PO Box 826 Buda Texas 78610 United States URS Corporation 9400 Amberglen Boulevard Austin Texas 78729 United States The University of Texas McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering 200 E. Dean Keaton C0400 Austin Texas 78712 United States IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme Pure Offices Cheltenham Office Park Hatherley Lane Cheltenham United Kingdom

An important environmental issue for amine-based post-combustion CO 2 capture is the generation of reclaimer sludge containing degradation products and impurities that must be disposed. This paper evaluated the environmental fate of reclaimer wastes generated from three amine-based solvents (monoethanolamine, piperazine, and a methyldiethanolamine/piperazine blend) used for CO 2 capture at a pulverized coal and a natural-gas combined cycle power plant (900 and 810 MWe, respectively) with typical flue gas compositions. The solvent loss and impurities and degradation accumulation in the CO 2 capture units were modeled. A techno-economic analysis of different reclaiming technologies was conducted. The reclaimer sludge was classified based on US and EU regulations for hazardous waste, and alternative options for reclaimer sludge disposal were evaluated.

关键词： CO 2 capture monoethanolamine piperazine methyldiethanolamine solvent reclaiming reclaimer sludge disposal degradation

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Operating Flexibility of Power Plants with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)

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Energy Procedia 2013年 37卷 2727-2737页

作者： rosa domenichini Luca Mancuso Noemi Ferrari John davison Foster Wheeler Via Caboto 1 20094 Corsico Italy IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme The Orchard Business Centre Stoke Orchard Cheltenham Gloucestershire GL52 7RZ UK

Most assessments available in the literature have assumed that power plants with carbon capture and storage (CCS) will operate at base load. It is now becoming clear that in many cases CCS plants will need to be able to operate flexibly because of the variability of electricity demand, increased use of variable renewable energy sources and poor flexibility of other technologies such as nuclear. This paper summarizes the results of a study carried out by Foster Wheeler for the iea Greenhouse Gas r&d programme with the purpose of evaluating and proposing strategies for improving the operating flexibility of power plants with CCS.

关键词： CCS Flexibility CO2 power plant NGCC USC-PC IGCC Oxy-combustion

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Global Potential for Biomethane Production with Carbon Capture, Transport and Storage up to 2050

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Energy Procedia 2013年 37卷 6043-6052页

作者： Joris Koornneef Pieter van Breevoort Paul Noothout Chris Hendriks uchien Luning Ameena Camps Ecofys bv P.O. Box 8408 3503 RK Utrecht The Netherlands IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme The Orchard Business Centre Stoke Orchard Cheltenham GL52 7RZ United Kingdom

Biomass in combination with carbon capture and storage (CCS) is one of few options that make a reduction of global CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere possible. This option is likely to be required to meet climate targets. This study shows the global potential for combining bio-energy conversion with CCS (BE-CCS) up to 2050. The assessment focuses on two BE-CCS routes for the production of biomethane, based on gasification and anaerobic digestion. routes for the production of power and liquid fuels have been addressed in an earlier study by ieaghg. For the two routes the technical and economic potential was analysed. The results show that deployment of the global technical potential can result in negative greenhouse gas emissions (ghg) up to 3.5 Gt CO 2-eq . on an annual basis in 2050. Including avoided emissions by replacing natural gas, the annual greenhouse gas emission savings could add up to almost 8 Gt of CO 2-eq in 2050. The economic potential reaches up to 0.8 Gt of negative ghg emissions when assuming a CO 2 price of 50 €/tonne.

关键词： Biomethane-CCS Carbon capture and storage Biogas Gas upgrading CO 2 removal Technical potential

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Performance and Costs of CO 2 Capture at Gas Fired Power Plants

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Energy Procedia 2013年 37卷 2443-2452页

作者： Neil Smith Geoff Miller Indran Aandi richard Gadsden John davison Parsons Brinckerhoff Ltd Amber Court William Armstrong Drive Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 7YQ UK IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme Orchard Business Centre Stoke Orchard Cheltenham GL52 7RZ UK

This paper summarises the results from a study that assesses the performance and costs of natural gas fired combined cycle power plants with CCS. Information is provided on the designs of each of the plants, their power output, efficiency, greenhouse gas intensity, capital costs, operating and maintenance costs, levelised costs of electricity and costs of CO 2 avoidance. discussion and commentary on the key findings and recommendations is also included. The paper includes information on base load plant performance and costs, but part load performance and costs of operation at low annual capacity factors are also presented because operation at lower load factors may be necessary, particularly in future electricity systems that include high amounts of other low-CO 2 generation plants.

关键词： CO 2 capture CCS Carbon capture and storage Natural gas Costs Power generation

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Potential for a Process-based Monitoring Method above Geologic Carbon Storage Sites using dissolved Gases in Freshwater Aquifers

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Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 2013年 7卷 746-749页

作者： Katherine romanak Laura dobeck Tim dixon Lee Spangler Gulf Coast Carbon Center Bureau of Economic Geology The University of Texas at Austin TX 78713 USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Montana State University Bozeman MT 59717 USA IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme Cheltenham GL52 7RZ UK

The process-based method is a new technique for monitoring CO2 storage permanence in the vadose zone above geologic carbon storage (GCS) sites. This method uses ratios of coexisting gas species to understand geochemical processes rather than comparing CO2concentrations with large baseline data sets, thereby making monitoring more efficient. In the vadose zone, ratios among coexisting gases (CO2, O2, N2 and CH4) have been used to distinguish biologic respiration, water-rock-CO2 interaction, and methane oxidation from a leakage signal. We report the preliminary results of a feasibility test conducted in July 2012 at the Zero Emission research and Technology Center (ZErT) controlled release site in Montana, USA to discern whether the method could be applied to dissolved gases in groundwater, thereby enhancing groundwater monitoring. Preliminary results are favorable, making the process- based approach potentially useful for monitoring shallow freshwater aquifers above GCS sites.

关键词： process-based CCS CCUS carbon storage monitoring groundwater

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Overall environmental impacts of CCS technologies-A life cycle approach

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INTErNATIONAL JOUrNAL OF GrEENHOUSE GAS CONTrOL 2012年 8卷 12-21页

作者： Zapp, Petra Schreiber, Andrea Marx, Josefine Haines, Mike Hake, Juergen-Friedrich Gale, John Forschungszentrum Julich Inst Energy & Climate Res Syst Anal & Technol Eva D-52425 Julich Germany IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme Cheltenham GL52 7RZ Glos England

In the last decade the environmental performance of climate effective carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) considering also other environmental effects has become focus of several studies. With various technological CCS options under development, the field of possible technical solutions is hardly covered yet. This paper identifies technologies whose environmental effects have been analysed from a life cycle perspective. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has proved to be a helpful tool to investigate the environmental consequences associated with the introduction of CCS. Even though, big differences in underlying assumptions of existing studies make comparison difficult, some general effects can be described. In general the intended reduction in GWP by introducing CO2 capture (up to - 85% hard coal oxyfuel, - 95% lignite oxyfuel, - 80% natural gas post-combustion) is combined with an increase of other environmental effects, regardless of capture technology, time horizon or fuel considered. Performing the normalisation step shows that acidification and human toxicity potential have to be watched as well. Additionally, three parameter sets have been identified, which have a significant impact on the effects: (a) development of plant efficiencies and energy penalties;(b) capture efficiency;(c) fuel origin and composition. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon dioxide capture and storage Life Cycle Assessment Methodology approach Technology evaluation Study comparison

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Techno-economic Study of an Integrated Steelworks Equipped with Oxygen Blast Furnace and CO 2 Capture

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Energy Procedia 2013年 37卷 7139-7151页

作者： Lawrence Hooey Andrew Tobiesen Jeremy Johns Stanley Santos Centre for Process Integration in Steelmaking Swerea MEFOS Box 812 SE-971 25 LULEÅ Sweden SINTEF Materials and Chemistry Sem Sælands Vei 2 TRONDHEIM Norway Tata Steel UK Consulting Ltd Box 30 Stephenson Street NEWPORT South Wales NP19 0RB UK IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme Orchard Business Centre Stoke Orchard GL52 7RZ CHELTENHAM UK

A techno-economic comparison of a reference integrated steelworks with a steelworks equipped with Oxygen Blast Furnace technology and CO 2 capture is presented. robust process and economic models were developed that could be customized to suit any integrated steel mill specific to their configuration. The whole operation of the steel mill including the OBF-system was modeled for a European Atlantic coastal scenario using a spreadsheet-based model. An amine-type solvent system MdEA/Pz was chosen as solvent to capture CO 2 from the raw BF topgas. A discounted cash flow through-cost model was used for economic analyses. results show that the OBF with CO 2 capture offers a significant potential to reduce the overall CO 2 emissions from an integrated steel mill achieving 47% CO 2 avoidance at a cost of ∼$56/t CO 2 for the given assumptions. The avoidance cost is particularly sensitive to the cost of energy, capital expenditure and discount rate. Further improvements in oxygen production, CO 2 capture system, and optimization of power/heat integration between steel mill, CO 2 capture plant and power generation could lead to lower CO 2 avoidance costs.

关键词： oxygen blast furnace steelmaking carbon dioxide capture

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CCS Projects as Kyoto Protocol CdM Activities

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Energy Procedia 2013年 37卷 7596-7604页

作者： Tim dixon Gregory Leamon Paul Zakkour Luke Warren IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme The Orchard Business Centre Stoke Orchard Cheltenham Gloucs GL52 7RZ UK Geoscience Australia GPO Box 378 Canberra 2601 Australia Carbon Counts 5 Dalby Road London SW18 1AW UK Carbon Capture and Storage Association 6th Floor 10 Dean Farrar Street London SW1H 0DX UK

The december 2011 decision by the meetings of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in durban, South Africa, to adopt modalities and procedures for carbon dioxide capture and geological storage (CCS) as clean development mechanism (CdM) project activities under the Kyoto Protocol was the culmination of many years of international negotiation. The durban CCS decision establishes a practical international standard for managing CCS projects that ensures a high level of environmental protection. It is an important official recognition by the UNFCCC that CCS is a technology capable of achieving deep cuts in greenhouse gas emissions in developing countries and sets an important precedent for the inclusion of CCS projects within emerging international markets and other financing and technology support mechanisms outside of the CdM. This paper analyses the durban CCS decision and the implications for project proposals.

关键词： Clean development Mechanism carbon dioxide CCS CdM CEr geological storage liability monitoring Kyoto Protocol UNFCCC

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Global potential for biomass and carbon dioxide capture, transport and storage up to 2050

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INTErNATIONAL JOUrNAL OF GrEENHOUSE GAS CONTrOL 2012年 11卷 117-132页

作者： Koornneef, Joris van Breevoort, Pieter Hamelinck, Carlo Hendriks, Chris Hoogwijk, Monique Koop, Klaas Koper, Michele dixon, Tim Camps, Ameena Ecofys Bv NL-3503 RK Utrecht Netherlands Orchard Business Ctr IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme Cheltenham GL52 7RZ Glos England Gemeente Utrecht NL-3533 JR Utrecht Netherlands Royal HaskoningDHV NL-3800 BC Amersfoort Netherlands

Biomass in combination with carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies is one of few options that makes an actual reduction of global CO2 concentration in the atmosphere possible and is likely to be required to meet low atmospheric concentration of CO2. This study shows the global potential for combining biomass with CCS technologies (bio-CCS) up to 2030 and 2050. The assessment includes six bio-CCS routes for the production of power and biofuels in combination with CCS. For these routes we have analysed the technical and economic potential. The results show the global technical potential for bio-CCS technologies is large and, if deployed, can result in negative greenhouse gas emissions (ghg) up to 10.4 Gt CO2 eq. on an annual basis in 2050. This is a large reduction potential compared to the global energy-related CO2 emissions which grew to 30.6 Gt CO2 in 2010. The economic potential reaches up to 3.5 Gt of negative ghg emissions when assuming a CO2 price of 50 (sic)/tonne. Next to quantitative estimates of these potentials in the form of global cost supply curves, we present recommendations to overcome possible barriers and enhance drivers to stimulate the deployment of bio-CCS technologies. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bio-energy Carbon capture and storage BE-CCS BIO-CCS Global potential

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