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Optimizing crowd evacuation: evaluation of strategies for safety and efficiency

Journal of Reliable Intelligent Environments 2025年第1期11卷 1-19页

作者： Oliveira, Hugo S. Faculty of Sciences University of Porto Porto Portugal Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering Technology and Science INESC TEC Porto Portugal

Predicting and controlling crowd dynamics in emergencies is one of the main objectives of simulated emergency exercises. However, during emergency exercises, there is often a lack of sense of danger by the actors involved and concerns about exposing real people to potentially dangerous environments. These problems impose limitations in running an emergency drill, harming the collection of valuable information for posterior analysis and decision-making. This work aims to mitigate these problems by using Agent Based Modelling (ABM) simulator to deepen the comprehension of human actions when exposed to a sudden variation in extensive crowded environmental conditions and how evacuation strategies affect evacuation performance. To assess the impact of the evacuation strategy employed, we propose a modified informed leader-flowing approach and compare it with common evacuation strategies in a simulated environment, replicating stadium benches with narrow corridors leading to different exit points. The objective is to determine the impact of each set of configurations and evacuation strategies and compare them against other established ones. Our experiments determined that agents following the crowd generally lead to a higher number of victims due to the rise of herding phenomena near the exits, which was significantly reduced when agents were guided towards the exit via knowing the exit beforehand or following leader agent with real-time information regarding exit location and exit current state, proving that relevant and controlled information in combination with Follow Leader strategies can be crucial in an emergency evacuation scenario with limited evacuation exit capabi and distribution. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Decision making

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Enhancing Weakly-Supervised Video Anomaly Detection With Temporal Constraints

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 70882-70894页

作者： Caetano, Francisco Carvalho, Pedro Mastralexi, Christina Cardoso, Jaime S. INESC TEC Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering Technology and Science Porto4200-465 Portugal Porto4200-465 Portugal Polytechnic of Porto ISEP Porto4249-015 Portugal

Anomaly Detection has been a significant field in Machine Learning since it began gaining traction. In the context of computer Vision, the increased interest is notorious as it enables the development of video processing models for different tasks without the need for a cumbersome effort with the annotation of possible events, that may be under represented. From the predominant strategies, weakly and semi-supervised, the former has demonstrated potential to achieve a higher score in its analysis, adding to its flexibility. This work shows that using temporal ranking constraints for Multiple Instance Learning can increase the performance of these models, allowing the focus on the most informative instances. Moreover, the results suggest that altering the ranking process to include information about adjacent instances generates best-performing models. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Spatio-temporal data

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Design and Development of a Fixed-Wing Tail-Sitter Tethered VTOL Drone with Custom Autopilot and Robust Control techniques 16th

Design and Development of a Fixed-Wing Tail-Sitter Tether...

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16th APCA International Conference on Automatic Control and Soft Computing, CONTROLO 2024

作者： Safaee, Ahmad Aguiar, A. Pedro Santos, Filipe Neves Moreira, Antonio Paulo SYSTEC-ARISE Research Center for Systems and Technologies Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Porto4200-465 Portugal INESC-TEC-Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering Technology and Science CRIIS-Centre for Robotics in Industry and Intelligent Systems Porto4200-465 Portugal INESC-TEC-Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering and DEEC/FEUP - Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto Porto4200-465 Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9783031817236

The need for aerial platforms capable of sustained operation is critical in fields such as surveillance, agricultural monitoring, disaster response, and temporary telecommunication systems. Traditional unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are hampered by limited battery capacity and inefficient energy utilization. This paper introduces an autonomous vertical flight drone tethered to a ground-based platform, which overcomes these limitations. The drone is designed to optimize its position and energy usage by harnessing wind currents, functioning similarly to a kite when conditions permit. This is enabled by a custom-designed autopilot system comprising both hardware and software tailored for this application. We detail the model identification process for three vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) drone systems, employing authentic data that measures lateral positional errors from the tether. Robust mixed sensitivity controllers are developed and implemented. The effectiveness of these controllers is validated through simulations showing their capability to handle uncertainties. Furthermore, the practical application and robust performance of the system are confirmed by a real-world case study, highlighting its potential in real operational environments. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： VTOL/STOL aircraft

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A Nonlinear Model Predictive Control Strategy for Trajectory Tracking of Omnidirectional Robots 16th

A Nonlinear Model Predictive Control Strategy for Trajector...

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16th APCA International Conference on Automatic Control and Soft Computing, CONTROLO 2024

作者： Ribeiro, Jorge Diogo Sobreira, Héber Miguel Moreira, António Paulo Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Porto4200-465 Portugal INESC TEC – Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering Technology and Science Porto4200-465 Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9783031817236

This paper presents a novel Nonlinear Model Predictive Controller (NMPC) architecture for trajectory tracking of omnidirectional robots. The key innovation lies in the method of handling constraints on maximum velocity and acceleration outside of the optimization process, significantly reducing computation time. The controller uses a simplified process model to predict the robot’s state evolution, enabling real-time cost function minimization through gradient descent methods. The cost function penalizes position and orientation errors as well as control effort variation. Experimental results compare the performance of the proposed controller with a generic Proportional-Derivative (PD) controller and a NMPC with integrated optimization constraints. The findings reveal that the proposed controller achieves higher precision than the PD controller and similar precision to the NMPC with integrated constraints, but with substantially lower computational effort. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Predictive control systems

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FX-MAD: Frequency-Domain Explainability and Explainability-Driven Unsupervised Detection of Face Morphing Attacks

FX-MAD: Frequency-Domain Explainability and Explainability-D...

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2025 IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of computer Vision Workshops, WACVW 2025

作者： Huber, Marco Neto, Pedro C. Sequeira, Ana F. Damer, Naser Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research Igd Darmstadt Germany Technische Universität Darmstadt Department of Computer Science Germany Inesc Tec Porto Portugal University of Porto Faculry of Engineering Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9798331536626

Face recognition (FR) systems are vulnerable to morphing attacks, which refer to face images created by morphing the facial features of two different identities into one face image to create an image that can match both identities, allowing serious security breaches. In this work, we apply a frequency-based explanation method from the area of explainable face recognition to shine a light on how FR models behave when processing a bona fide or attack pair from a frequency perspective. In extensive experiments, we used two different state-of-the-art FR models and six different morphing attacks to investigate possible differences in behavior. Our results show that FR models rely differently on different frequency bands when making decisions for bona fide pairs and morphing attacks. In the following step, we show that this behavioral difference can be used to detect morphing attacks in an unsupervised setup solely based on the observed frequency-importance differences in a generalizable manner. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Frequency domain analysis

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Integrating Multimodal Perception into Ground Mobile Robots

Integrating Multimodal Perception into Ground Mobile Robots

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IEEE International Conference on Autonomous Robot systems and Competitions (ICARSC)

作者： Ricardo B. Sousa Héber Miguel Sobreira João G. Martins Paulo G. Costa Manuel F. Silva António Paulo Moreira Faculty of Engineering University of Porto (FEUP) Porto Portugal INESC TEC - Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering Technology and Science Porto Portugal ISEP Polytechnic of Porto Porto Portugal

ISBN: (数字)9798331538606

ISBN: (纸本)9798331538613

Multimodal perception systems enhance the robustness and adaptability of autonomous mobile robots by integrating heterogeneous sensor modalities, improving long-term localisation and mapping in dynamic environments and human-robot interaction. Current mobile platforms often focus on specific sensor configurations and prioritise cost-effectiveness, possibly limiting the flexibility of the user to extend the original robots further. This paper presents a methodology to integrate multimodal perception into a ground mobile platform, incorporating wheel odometry, 2D laser scanners, 3D Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), and RGBD cameras. The methodology describes the electronics design to power devices, firmware, computation and networking architecture aspects, and mechanical mounting for the sensory system based on 3D printing, laser cutting, and bending metal sheet processes. Experiments demonstrate the usage of the revised platform in 2D and 3D localisation and mapping and pallet pocket estimation applications. All the documentation and designs are accessible in a public repository.

关键词： Laser radar Robot vision systems Wheels Three-dimensional printing Cameras Distance measurement Robustness Mobile robots Laser beam cutting Autonomous robots

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Classification of endoscopic capsule pathologies using Multiple Instance Learning methods 16

Classification of endoscopic capsule pathologies using Multi...

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16th International Conference on ENTERprise Information systems, CENTERIS 2024 - 12th International Conference on Project MANagement, ProjMAN 2024 - 14th International Conference on Health and Social Care Information systems and technologies, HCist 2024

作者： Moreira, Vitor Machado, Eduardo Barbosa, Dalila Salgado, Marta Braz, Geraldo Cunha, António University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro Vila Real5001-801 Portugal INESC TEC Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering Technology and Science Porto4200-465 Portugal Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António Porto Portugal MA São Luís Brazil

This article presents an investigation into the classification of endoscopic capsule pathologies using Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) methods in conjunction with deep neural network architectures. The primary problem addressed in this study is the accurate and efficient detection of gastrointestinal pathologies, a significant challenge in medical diagnostics that can have a profound impact on patient outcomes. The use of endoscopic capsules is particularly important as they provide a minimally invasive method to capture comprehensive images of the gastrointestinal tract, facilitating early detection of conditions such as ulcers, polyps, bleeding, and Crohn's disease. Specifically, we explore three variants of MIL-Max, Mean, and Attention-for analysing sets of images captured by the endoscopic capsule. MIL was employed because it effectively handles scenarios where individual image instances are not explicitly labelled but are grouped in bags with known labels, making it suitable for the complex nature of endoscopic data. Furthermore, MIL has not yet been extensively applied in this modality, highlighting the innovative aspect of our approach. In addition, we evaluated the performance of three convolutional neural network architectures-VGG16, ResNet50, and DenseNet121-in the classification task. The results indicate that the combination of MIL methods and deep neural network architectures offers a promising approach to the detection and classification of gastrointestinal pathologies, with significant improvements in diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. © 2025 The Author(s).

关键词： Endoscopy

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Enhancing Mobile Robot Navigation: A Graph Decomposition Submodule for TEA*

Enhancing Mobile Robot Navigation: A Graph Decomposition Sub...

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IEEE International Conference on Autonomous Robot systems and Competitions (ICARSC)

作者： Filipe Cardoso Diogo Miguel Matos Marina Brilhante Pedro Costat Héber Sobreira Carlos Silva CRIIS - Centre of Robotics in Industry and Intelligent Systems INESC TEC - Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering Technology and Science Porto Portugal Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Porto Portugal Flowbotic Mobile Systems SA Mangualde Portugal

ISBN: (数字)9798331538606

ISBN: (纸本)9798331538613

Rising industrial complexity demands efficient mobile robots to drive automation and productivity. Effective navigation relies on perception, localization, mapping, path planning, and motion control, with path planning being key. The Time Enhanced A * (TEA *) algorithm extends A * by adding time as a dimension to resolve temporal conflicts in multi-robot coordination. However, inconsistencies in edge lengths within the graph can hinder optimal path calculation. To address this, a Graph Decomposition submodule was developed to standardize edge lengths and temporal costs. Integrated into a ROS-based fleet coordination system, this approach significantly reduces execution time and improves coordination capacity.

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Parallel Path Planning for Multi-Robot Coordination

Parallel Path Planning for Multi-Robot Coordination

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IEEE International Conference on Autonomous Robot systems and Competitions (ICARSC)

作者： Jorge Ribeiro Marina Brilhante Diogo Miguel Matos Carlos A. Silva Héber Sobreira Pedro Costa CRIIS - Centre of Robotics in Industry and Intelligent Systems INESC TEC - Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering Technology and Science Porto Portugal Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Porto Portugal Flowbotic Mobile Systems S.A Viseu Portugal

ISBN: (数字)9798331538606

ISBN: (纸本)9798331538613

Multi-robot coordination aims to synchronize robots for optimized, collision-free paths in shared environments, addressing task allocation, collision avoidance, and path planning challenges. The Time Enhanced A* (TEA*) algorithm addresses multi-robot pathfinding offering a centralized and sequential approach. However, its sequential nature can lead to order-dependent variability in solutions. This study enhances TEA* through multi-threading, using thread pooling and parallelization techniques via OpenMP, and a sensitivity analysis enabling parallel exploration of robot-solving orders to improve robustness and the likelihood of finding efficient, feasible paths in complex environments. The results show that this approach improved coordination efficiency, reducing replanning needs and simulation time. Additionally, the sensitivity analysis assesses TEA*'s scalability across various graph sizes and number of robots, providing insights into how these factors influence the efficiency and performance of the algorithm.

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The Sustainability Component of the Brand and the Purchase Intention of Gen Z: State of the Art

The Sustainability Component of the Brand and the Purchase I...

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International Conference on Marketing and technologies, ICMarktech 2023

作者： Coutinho, Evelina Maria Oliveira Au-Yong-Oliveira, Manuel Department of Economics Management Industrial Engineering and Tourism Campus Universitário de Santiago University of Aveiro Aveiro3810-193 Portugal Research Unit On Governance Competitiveness and Public Policies Campus Universitário de Santiago University of Aveiro Aveiro3810-193 Portugal INESC TEC-Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering Technology and Science Porto4200-465 Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9789819736973

In recent decades, the concept of sustainability has taken on a key role in the agendas of political decision-makers, businesses, and society. Brands have incorporated attributes associated with the concept of sustainability, making it essential to understand how these attributes are perceived and how they influence purchasing decisions. Young consumers tend to be well informed about social and environmental aspects and are more sensitive than previous generations to environmental issues. Although Gen Z’s purchasing intentions are influenced by the sustainable practices of organizations, their preferences are not fully understood. Recent studies have shown that the sustainability component associated with the brand influences Gen Z’s purchase intentions, and that social and economic aspects are at the root of this, emphasizing the importance of corporate social responsibility and transparent brand communication in terms of sustainability. Understanding how the sustainability component of brands influences the purchasing decisions of young consumers is fundamental for defining future branding strategies. The aim of this paper is to describe the state of the art of the relationship between the sustainability component of the brand and the purchase intention of Gen Z, based on the literature. The topic has not yet been widely studied, so it leaves clues for future development. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Sustainable development goals

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