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arXiv 2025年

作者： Queiros, Ruben Kaneko, Megumi Fontes, Helder Campos, Rui INESC TEC Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Porto Portugal National Institute of Informatics Dept. of Computer Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan

The increasing complexity of wireless technologies, such as Wi-Fi, presents significant challenges for Rate Adaptation (RA) due to the large configuration space of transmission parameters. While extensive research has been conducted on RA for low-mobility networks, existing solutions fail to adapt in flying networks, where high mobility and dynamic wireless conditions introduce additional uncertainty. We propose Linear Upper Confidence Bound for RA (LinRA), a novel Contextual Bandit-based approach that leverages real-time link context to optimize transmission rates. Designed for predictive flying networks, where future trajectories are known, LinRA proactively adapts to obstacles affecting channel quality. Simulation results demonstrate that LinRA converges 5.2× faster than state-of-the-art benchmarks and improves throughput by 80% in Non Line-of-Sight (NLoS) conditions, matching the performance of ideal algorithms. With low time complexity, LinRA is a scalable and efficient RA solution for predictive flying networks. © 2025, CC BY.

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The AppVox mobile application, a tool for speech and language training sessions

The AppVox mobile application, a tool for speech and languag...

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作者： Rocha, Tânia Gonçalves, Cirano Fernandes, Hugo Reis, Arsénio Barroso, João Vila Real Portugal INESC TEC - Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering Technology and Science Porto Portugal

AppVox is a mobile application that provides support for children with speech and language impairments in their speech therapy sessions, while also allowing autonomous training at home. The application simulates a vocalizer with an audio stimulus feature, which can be used to train and amend the pronunciation of specific words through repetition. In this paper, we aim to present the development of the application as an assistive technology option, by adding new features to the vocalizer as well as assessing it as a usable option for daily training interaction for children with speech and language impairments. In this regard, we invited 15 children with speech and language impairments and 20 with no impairments to perform training activities with the application. Likewise, we asked three speech therapists and three usability experts to interact, assess, and give their feedback. In this assessment, we include the following parameters: successful conclusion of the training tasks (effectiveness);number of errors made, as well as number and type of difficulties found (efficiency);and the acceptance and level of comfort in completing the requested tasks (satisfaction). Overall, the results showed that children conclude the training tasks successfully and helped to improve their language and speech capabilities. Therapists and children gave positive feedback to the AppVox interface. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

关键词： Speech

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Shining Light on Dark Skin: Pulse Oximetry Correction Models

Shining Light on Dark Skin: Pulse Oximetry Correction Models

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Bioengineering (ENBENG), Portuguese Meeting in

作者： João Matos Tristan Struja Jack Gallifant Marie-Laure Charpignon Jaime S. Cardoso Leo A. Celi Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Porto Portugal Medical University Clinic Kantonsspital Aarau Aarau Switzerland Department of Critical Care Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust London UK Institute for Data Systems and Society Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA US INESC TEC and University of Porto Porto Portugal Laboratory for Computational Physiology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA US

Pulse oximeters are medical devices used to assess peripheral arterial oxygen saturation ( $SpO_{2}$ ) noninvasively. In contrast, the “gold standard” requires arterial blood to be drawn to measure the arterial oxygen saturation ( $SaO_{2}$ ). Devices currently on the market measure $SpO_{2}$ with lower accuracy in populations with darker skin tones. Pulse oximetry inaccuracies can yield episodes of hidden hypoxemia (HH), with $SpO_{2} \geq 88\%$ , but $SaO_{2}< 88\%$ . HH can result in less treatment and increased mortality. Despite being flawed, pulse oximeters remain ubiquitously used; debiasing models could alleviate the downstream repercussions of HH. To our knowledge, this is the first study to propose such models. Experiments were conducted using the MIMIC-IV dataset. The cohort includes patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit with paired ( $SaO_{2}, SpO_{2}$ ) measurements captured within 10min of each other. We built a XGBoost regression predicting $SaO_{2}$ from $SpO_{2}$ , patient demographics, physiological data, and treatment information. We used an asymmetric mean squared error as the loss function to minimize falsely elevated predicted values. The model achieved $R^{2}= 67.6\%$ among Black patients; frequency of HH episodes was partially mitigated. Respiratory function was most predictive of $SaO_{2}$ ; race-ethnicity was not a top predictor. This single-center study shows that $SpO_{2}$ corrections can be achieved with Machine Learning. In future, model validation will be performed on additional patient cohorts featuring diverse settings.

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State-of-the-art AI-based Learning Approaches for Deepfake Generation and Detection, Analyzing Opportunities, Threading through Pros, Cons, and Future Prospects

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Goyal, Harshika Wajid, Mohammad Saif Wajid, Mohd Anas Khanday, Akib Mohi Ud Din Neshat, Mehdi Gandomi, Amir Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India Department of Computer Science and Intelligent Systems Tecnológico de Monterrey Monterrey Mexico Institute for the Future of Education TEC de Monterrey Monterrey Mexico Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering United Arab Emirates University Al Ain Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Department of Computer Science Samarkand International University of Technology Samarkand Uzbekistan Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Technology Sydney Ultimo SydneyNSW2007 Australia Obuda University Budapest1034 Hungary School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences University of Adelaide Adelaide5005 Australia

The rapid expansion and advancement of deepfake technology, which is specifically designed to create incredibly lifelike facial imagery and video content, has ignited a remarkable level of interest and curiosity across a multitude of fields, including but not limited to the realms of the entertainment industry, forensic analysis, cybersecurity and the innovative creation of digital characters. By harnessing the latest breakthroughs in deep learning methodologies, especially through the implementation of techniques such as Generative Adversarial Networks, Variational Autoencoders, Few-Shot Learning Strategies, and Transformer Neural Networks, the outcomes achieved in the generation of deepfakes have been nothing short of astounding and transformative. Furthermore, the recent advancements in diffusion models have served to invigorate and catalyze ongoing research efforts in this fascinating domain. At the same time, the ongoing evolution of detection technologies is being developed to counteract the potential for misuse associated with deepfakes, effectively addressing critical concerns that range from political manipulation to the dissemination of fake news and the ever-growing issue of cyberbullying. This comprehensive review paper meticulously investigates the most recent developments in both deepfake generation and detection, including around 400 publications, providing an in-depth analysis of the cutting-edge innovations that are shaping this rapidly evolving landscape. Starting with a thorough examination of systematic literature review methodologies, we embark on a journey that delves into the complex technical intricacies inherent in the various techniques used for deepfake generation, comprehensively addressing the challenges faced, potential solutions available, and the nuanced details surrounding manipulation formulations. Besides, task definitions are standardized to ensure clarity, while datasets and metrics are diligently introduced, paving the way for a

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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Multi-Agent Optimization for Offshore Wind Farm Inspection using an Improved Population-based Metaheuristic

Multi-Agent Optimization for Offshore Wind Farm Inspection u...

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IEEE International Conference on Autonomous Robot systems and Competitions (ICARSC)

作者： Renato Jorge Silva Pedro Nuno Leite Andry Maykol Pinto Center of Robotics and Autonomous Systems (CRAS) Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering Technology and Science (INESC TEC) Porto Portugal

ISBN: (数字)9781728170787

ISBN: (纸本)9781728170794

The use of robotic solutions in tasks such as the inspection and monitorization of offshore wind farms aims to, not only mitigate the involved risks, but also to reduce the costs of operating and maintaining these structures. Performing a complete inspection of the platforms in useful time is crucial. Therefore, multiple agents can prove to be a cost-effective solution. This work proposes a trajectory planning algorithm, based on the Ant Colony metaheuristic, capable of optimizing the number of Autonomous Surface Vehicles (ASVs) to be used, and their corresponding route. Experiments conducted on a simulated environment, representative of the real scenario, proves this approach to be successful in planning a trajectory that is able to select the appropriate number of agents and the trajectory of each agent that avoids collisions and at the same time guarantees the full observation of the offshore structures.

关键词： Trajectory Planning Task analysis Inspection Robots Mathematical model Meters

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Optical fiber sensors for monitoring cement paste carbonation 5

Optical fiber sensors for monitoring cement paste carbonatio...

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5th International Conference on Applications of Optics and Photonics, AOP 2022

作者： Da Silva, P.M. Mendes, J.P. Coelho, L.C.C. De Almeida, J.M.M.M. INESC TEC-Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering Technology and Science Faculty of Sciences University of Porto Rua do Campo Alegre Porto4169-007 Portugal Department of Physics and Astronomy Faculty of Sciences University of Porto Rua do Campo Alegre Porto4169-007 Portugal CIQUP - Chemistry Research Unit Chemistry and Biochemistry Department Faculty of Sciences University of Porto Porto4169-007 Portugal Department of Physics School of Sciences and Technology University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro Vila Real5001-801 Portugal

The use of concrete has been widespread in our society in housing and infrastructure, despite the environmental cost associated with its production. Its decay poses a social, economic, and environmental problem. Currently, the carbonation of cement paste is monitored through the measurement of its pH, with several optical fiber sensors (OFS) have been produced for this purpose. In the current work the focus is, also, on the carbonation monitoring of cement paste through an OFS, but not through pH measurements. Single fiber reflectance spectroscopy, previously employed to measure cement paste durability, is used to monitor the discoloration of cement paste caused by carbonation. As the carbonation front reaches the fiber tip embedded in the cement paste, the signal reflected onto the fiber increases. The accelerated carbonation of two limestone cement paste samples in an atmosphere of 100% CO2 was successfully monitored. The applicability of the sensor for operational use with ambient CO2 was confirmed through the measurement of carbonation at 3% CO2. The cross interference from water ingress and egress was also evaluated, and it didn't hinder the measurements of carbonation. Therefore, a novel OFS capable of measuring cement paste carbonation and durability, was achieved. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Carbonation

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Detection and Mapping of Monopiles in Offshore Wind Farms using Autonomous Surface Vehicles

Detection and Mapping of Monopiles in Offshore Wind Farms us...

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OCEANS

作者： Rafael Claro Renato Silva Andry Pinto INESC TEC - Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering Technology and Science FEUP - Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Porto Portugal

ISBN: (数字)9781728154466

ISBN: (纸本)9781728184098

This paper presents an algorithm for mapping monopiles from Offshore Wind Farms (OWF). The ASV (Au-tonomous Surface Vehicle) surveys the environment, detects and localizes monopiles using situational awareness system based on LiDAR, GPS and IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) data. The position of the monopile is obtained based on the relative localization between the extrapolated center of the structure that was detected and the ASV. A positive detection of a monopile is referenced to a global positioning frame based on the GPS. Results in a simulator environment demonstrate the ability of this situational awareness system to identify monopiles with a precision of 0.005 m, which is relevant for detecting structural disalignments over time that might be caused by the appearance of scour in the structure's foundation.

关键词： Location awareness Extrapolation Measurement units Laser radar Wind farms Monitoring Global Positioning System

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A framework for designing technology-based interactive services for active mobility

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Transportation Research Procedia 2023年 72卷 4215-4222页

作者： José Fábio Luna da Silva Marta Campos Ferreira Diogo Abrantes Joana Hora Soraia Felício Jorge Silva Teresa Galvão Miguel Coimbra Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto Rua do Campo Alegre s/n Porto 4169-007 Portugal Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n Porto 4200-465 Portugal INESC TEC - Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering Technology and Science R. Dr. Roberto Frias s/n Porto 4200-465 Portugal Bosch Security Systems R. Pardala Zona Ind. de Ovar Estrada Nacional 109 Aptd. 653 Aveiro Portugal

This article presents a framework to assist in the design of technology-based interactive services for active mobility, which allows the data collected from the sensors to be made available to citizens. The proposed framework was developed based on data collected in focus group sessions held with potential stakeholders and on related models and frameworks. It consists of 8 steps, namely: strategy, scope, structure, skeleton, aesthetics and execution. It will enable the presentation of relevant information that will help users of active modes of transport in decision making in choosing a safe and comfortable route, assist professionals involved in the elaboration of interactive projects and promote more collaborative urban planning.

关键词： Framework active mobility interactive design technology-based services safe cities

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Impact of Different Stimuli on User Stress During a Virtual Firefighting Training Exercise

Impact of Different Stimuli on User Stress During a Virtual ...

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IEEE Symposium on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering (BIBE)

作者： David Narciso Miguel Melo Susana Rodrigues João Paulo Silva Cunha Maximino Bessa UTAD Vila Real Portugal Center for Information Systems and Computer Graphics INESC TEC Porto Portugal Center for Biomedical Engineering Research INESC TEC Porto Portugal INESC TEC Porto Portugal INESC TEC and Engineering Vila Real Portugal

ISBN: (数字)9781728195742

ISBN: (纸本)9781728195759

Training firefighters using Virtual Reality (VR) technology brings several benefits over traditional training methods including the reduction of costs and risks. The ability of causing the same level of stress as a real situation so that firefighters can learn how to deal with stress was investigated. An experiment aiming to study the influence that additional stimuli (heat, weight, smell and using personal protective equipment-PPE) have on user's stress level while performing a Virtual Environment (VE) designed to train firefighters was developed. Participants' stress and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) were obtained from electrocardiograms recorded during the experiment. The results suggest that wearing the PPE has the largest impact on user's stress level. The results also showed that HRV was able to evidence differences between two phases of the experiment, which suggests that it can be used to monitor users' quantified reaction to VEs.

关键词： Training Heating systems Conferences Virtual environments Heart rate variability Stress Monitoring

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Digital Nomads during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Narratives on Reddit discussions

Digital Nomads during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from N...

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International Conference on computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design

作者： Marcos Antonio De Almeida Antó nio Correia Jano Moreira De Souza Daniel Schneider Systems Engineering and Computer Science Program (PESC/COPPE/UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil INESC TEC and University of Tr&#x00E1 s-os-Montes e Alto Douro Vila Real Portugal Postgraduate Program in Informatics PPGI/UFRJ Rio de Janeiro Brazil NCE/UFRJ T&#x00E9 rcio Pacitti Institute of Computer Applications and Research Rio de Janeiro Brazil

In this paper, we report on new findings about the results of an empirical study which aims to investigate how the COVID-19 pandemic has been shaping nomadic work practices and also challenging the lifestyles of digital nomads (DN). To do this, we collected textual data from posts in a Reddit community. We argue that, in order to understand how to design technical solutions for the so-called ‘new normal’ working conditions, one way to approach this is to understand how digital nomads are being impacted in their work practices and routines, and also how they are seeing the future of their technology-mediated work-life space. Finally, we show how evidence collected from DNs about their experiences and difficulties perceived during the pandemic period can inform CSCW researchers worldwide about future design-oriented strands.

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