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arXiv 2018年

作者： Sauer, Axel Savinov, Nikolay Geiger, Andreas Computer Vision and Geometry Group ETH Zürich Chair of Robotics Science and System Intelligence Technical University of Munich Autonomous Vision Group MPI for Intelligent Systems and University of Tübingen

Most existing approaches to autonomous driving fall into one of two categories: Modular pipelines, that build an extensive model of the environment, and imitation learning approaches, that map images directly to control outputs. A recently proposed third paradigm, direct perception, aims to combine the advantages of both by using a neural network to learn appropriate low-dimensional intermediate representations. However, existing direct perception approaches are restricted to simple highway situations, lacking the ability to navigate intersections, stop at traffic lights or respect speed limits. In this work, we propose a direct perception approach which maps video input to intermediate representations suitable for autonomous navigation in complex urban environments given high-level directional inputs. Compared to state-of-the-art reinforcement and conditional imitation learning approaches, we achieve an improvement of up to 68 % in goal-directed navigation on the challenging CARLA simulation benchmark. In addition, our approach is the first to handle traffic lights and speed signs by using image-level labels only, as well as smooth car-following, resulting in a significant reduction of traffic accidents in simulation. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Autonomous vehicles

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Stakeholders Acceptance and Expectations of Robot-Assisted Therapy for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Stakeholders Acceptance and Expectations of Robot-Assisted T...

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IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Communication (ROMAN)

作者： Joan Oliver Rebeca Oliván Jainendra Shukla Annabel Folch Rafael Martínez-Leal Mireia Castellá Domènec Puig Instituto de Robótica para la Dependencia Sitges Barcelona Spain joliver Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi New Delhi India Intellectual Disability and Developmental Disorders Research Unit Fundaci Villablanca IISPV URV CIBERSAM Reus Spain Intelligent Robotics and Computer Vision Group Universitat Rovira i Virgili Tarragona Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781728126234

Robot assisted therapy for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) should take into account the stakeholders expectations about their potential benefits. Any disparity between the stakeholders expectations and the gained benefits may negatively impact the acceptance and adoption of the robot assisted therapy. In this research, we conducted an observational study with eleven parents and five clinical professionals related with the children with ASD who were preselected to undergo robot assisted therapeutic sessions. The aim was to investigate and identify the potential impact regarding the interventions delivered by the social robots during the interventions, roles of the social robots and benefit offered by them. Specifically, the social robot Cozmo was used for this study. Their opinions were collected using questionnaires and were analyzed quantitatively and *** results of the study confirm a positive attitude towards the adoption of these technologies, both among the caregivers and the professionals.

关键词： The results of the study confirm a positive attitude towards the adoption of these technologies Both among the caregivers and the professionals Autism Spectrum Disorders Robot ACCEPTANCE Child assisting with therapy heart atrium septum defect Observational Study potential impact Intervention Infant

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Understanding metric-related pitfalls in image analysis validation

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Reinke, Annika Tizabi, Minu D. Baumgartner, Michael Eisenmann, Matthias Heckmann-Nötzel, Doreen Kavur, A. Emre Rädsch, Tim Sudre, Carole H. Acion, Laura Antonelli, Michela Arbel, Tal Bakas, Spyridon Benis, Arriel Blaschko, Matthew B. Buettner, Florian Cardoso, M. Jorge Cheplygina, Veronika Chen, Jianxu Christodoulou, Evangelia Cimini, Beth A. Collins, Gary S. Farahani, Keyvan Ferrer, Luciana Galdran, Adrian van Ginneken, Bram Glocker, Ben Godau, Patrick Haase, Robert Hashimoto, Daniel A. Hoffman, Michael M. Huisman, Merel Isensee, Fabian Jannin, Pierre Kahn, Charles E. Kainmueller, Dagmar Kainz, Bernhard Karargyris, Alexandros Karthikesalingam, Alan Kenngott, Hannes Kleesiek, Jens Kofler, Florian Kooi, Thijs Kopp-Schneider, Annette Kozubek, Michal Kreshuk, Anna Kurc, Tahsin Landman, Bennett A. Litjens, Geert Madani, Amin Maier-Hein, Klaus Martel, Anne L. Mattson, Peter Meijering, Erik Menze, Bjoern Moons, Karel G.M. Müller, Henning Nichyporuk, Brennan Nickel, Felix Petersen, Jens Rafelski, Susanne M. Rajpoot, Nasir Reyes, Mauricio Riegler, Michael A. Rieke, Nicola Saez-Rodriguez, Julio Sánchez, Clara I. Shetty, Shravya Summers, Ronald M. Taha, Abdel A. Tiulpin, Aleksei Tsaftaris, Sotirios A. van Calster, Ben Varoquaux, Gaël Yaniv, Ziv R. Jäger, Paul F. Maier-Hein, Lena Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Heidelberg Division of Intelligent Medical Systems Germany NCT Heidelberg A Partnership Between DKFZ University Medical Center Heidelberg Germany Heidelberg Division of Medical Image Computing Germany Heidelberg Division of Intelligent Medical Systems Germany MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing UCL Centre for Medical Image Computing Department of Computer Science University College London London United Kingdom School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science King’s College London London United Kingdom Instituto de Cálculo CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina Centre for Medical Image Computing University College London London United Kingdom McGill University Montreal Canada Division of Computational Pathology Dept of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine IU Health Information and Translational Sciences Building Indianapolis United States University of Pennsylvania Richards Medical Research Laboratories FL7 PhiladelphiaPA United States Department of Digital Medical Technologies Holon Institute of Technology Holon Israel European Federation for Medical Informatics Le Mont-sur-Lausanne Switzerland Center for Processing Speech and Images Department of Electrical Engineering KU Leuven Leuven Belgium partner site Frankfurt/Mainz a partnership between DKFZ and UCT Frankfurt Marburg Germany Heidelberg Germany Goethe University Frankfurt Department of Medicine Germany Goethe University Frankfurt Department of Informatics Germany and Frankfurt Cancer Insititute Germany Department of Computer Science IT University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V. Dortmund Germany Imaging Platform Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard CambridgeMA United States Centre for Statistics in Medicine University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Center for Biomedical In

Validation metrics are key for tracking scientific progress and bridging the current chasm between artificial intelligence (AI) research and its translation into practice. However, increasing evidence shows that particularly in image analysis, metrics are often chosen inadequately. While taking into account the individual strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of validation metrics is a critical prerequisite to making educated choices, the relevant knowledge is currently scattered and poorly accessible to individual researchers. Based on a multi-stage Delphi process conducted by a multidisciplinary expert consortium as well as extensive community feedback, the present work provides the first reliable and comprehensive common point of access to information on pitfalls related to validation metrics in image analysis. While focused on biomedical image analysis, the addressed pitfalls generalize across application domains and are categorized according to a newly created, domain-agnostic taxonomy. The work serves to enhance global comprehension of a key topic in image analysis validation. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： computer vision

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Effectiveness of socially assistive robotics during cognitive stimulation interventions: Impact on caregivers

Effectiveness of socially assistive robotics during cognitiv...

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IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Communication (ROMAN)

作者： Jainendra Shukla Miguel Barreda-Ángeles Joan Oliver Domènec Puig Intelligent Robotics and Computer Vision Group (IRCV) Rovira i Virgili University Tarragona Spain Instituto de Robótica para la Dependencia Sitges Barcelona Spain Eurecat Technology Centre of Catalonia Barcelona Spain

Execution of cognitive stimulation interventions for cognitive training of individuals in need represents significant burden on caregivers in time and labor costs. Recent advancements in Socially Assistive robotics (SAR) research can be exploited to reduce caregivers burden by work sharing with robots and supplementing/complementing human resources in execution of interventions. Current research evaluates the effectiveness of the SAR empowered cognitive training activity of Bingo Musical among thirty individuals with ID in multi-center trials. A multidimensional evaluation of caregivers workload was conducted; including subjective workload, time spent on users personalized interventions, and qualitative interviews with caregivers. The results of the research confirm a significant reduction in caregivers burden and raise a concern about the need of a specific training of the caregivers to take maximum advantage of SAR in health care.

关键词： Robot kinematics Radiofrequency identification Training Monitoring Rehabilitation robotics

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Why is the Winner the Best?

Why is the Winner the Best?

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Conference on computer vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

作者： M. Eisenmann A. Reinke V. Weru M. D. Tizabi F. Isensee T. J. Adler S. Ali V. Andrearczyk M. Aubreville U. Baid S. Bakas N. Balu S. Bano J. Bernal S. Bodenstedt A. Casella V. Cheplygina M. Daum M. De Bruijne A. Depeursinge R. Dorent J. Egger D. G. Ellis S. Engelhardt M. Ganz N. Ghatwary G. Girard P. Godau A. Gupta L. Hansen K. Harada M. Heinrich N. Heller A. Hering A. Huaulmé P. Jannin A. E. Kavur O. Kodym M. Kozubek J. Li H. Li J. Ma C. Martín-Isla B. Menze A. Noble V. Oreiller N. Padoy S. Pati K. Payette T. Rädsch J. Rafael-Patiño V. Singh Bawa S. Speidel C. H. Sudre K. Van Wijnen M. Wagner D. Wei A. Yamlahi M. H. Yap C. Yuan M. Zenk A. Zia D. Zimmerer D. Aydogan B. Bhattarai L. Bloch R. Brüngel J. Cho C. Choi Q. Dou I. Ezhov C. M. Friedrich C. Fuller R. R. Gaire A. Galdran Á. García Faura M. Grammatikopoulou S. Hong M. Jahanifar I. Jang A. Kadkhodamohammadi I. Kang F. Kofler S. Kondo H. Kuijf M. Li M. Luu T. Martinčič P. Morais M. A. Naser B. Oliveira D. Owen S. Pang J. Park S. Park S. Płotka E. Puybareau N. Rajpoot K. Ryu N. Saeed A. Shephard P. Shi D. Štepec R. Subedi G. Tochon H. R. Torres H. Urien J. L. Vilaça K. A. Wahid H. Wang J. Wang L. Wang X. Wang B. Wiestler M. Wodzinski F. Xia J. Xie Z. Xiong S. Yang Y. Yang Z. Zhao K. Maier-Hein P. F. Jäger A. Kopp-Schneider L. Maier-Hein Division of Intelligent Medical Systems German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany Helmholtz Imaging German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Division of Biostatistics German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany Division of Medical Image Computing German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences School of Computing University of Leeds Leeds UK Institute of Informatics School of Management HES-SO Valais-Wallis University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland Sierre Switzerland Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Lausanne University Hospital Lausanne Switzerland Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt Ingolstadt Germany Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA) University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Department of Radiology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Department of Radiology University of Washington Seattle WA USA Department of Computer Science Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS) University College London London UK Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona & Computer Vision Center Barcelona Spain Division of Translational Surgical Oncology National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden Dresden Germany Department of Advanced Robotics Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Italy Department of Electronics Information and Bioengineering Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy IT University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Department of General Visceral and Transplantation Surgery Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany Department of Radiology and Nuc

International benchmarking competitions have become fundamental for the comparative performance assessment of image analysis methods. However, little attention has been given to investigating what can be learnt from these competitions. Do they really generate scientific progress? What are common and successful participation strategies? What makes a solution superior to a competing method? To address this gap in the literature, we performed a multicenter study with all 80 competitions that were conducted in the scope of IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021. Statistical analyses performed based on comprehensive descriptions of the submitted algorithms linked to their rank as well as the underlying participation strategies revealed common characteristics of winning solutions. These typically include the use of multi-task learning (63%) and/or multi-stage pipelines (61%), and a focus on augmentation (100%), image preprocessing (97%), data curation (79%), and post-processing (66%). The “typical” lead of a winning team is a computer scientist with a doctoral degree, five years of experience in biomedical image analysis, and four years of experience in deep learning. Two core general development strategies stood out for highly-ranked teams: the reflection of the metrics in the method design and the focus on analyzing and handling failure cases. According to the organizers, 43% of the winning algorithms exceeded the state of the art but only 11% completely solved the respective domain problem. The insights of our study could help researchers (1) improve algorithm development strategies when approaching new problems, and (2) focus on open research questions revealed by this work.

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Real-time monocular obstacle avoidance using underwater dark channel prior

Real-time monocular obstacle avoidance using underwater dark...

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2016 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on intelligent Robots and Systems, IROS 2016

作者： Drews, Paulo Hernández, Emili Elfes, Alberto Nascimento, Erickson R. Campos, Mario Autonomous Systems Laboratory Data61-CSIRO Brisbane Australia Computer Vision and Robotics Laboratory Dep. de Ciência da Computação Univ. Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG Belo Horizonte Brazil NAUTEC Intelligent Robotics and Automation Group Univ. Federal do Rio Grande - FURG Rio Grande Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781509037629

In this paper we propose a new vision-based obstacle avoidance strategy using the Underwater Dark Channel Prior (UDCP) that can be applied to any Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (UUV) equipped with a simple monocular camera and minimal on-board processing capabilities. For each incoming image, our method first computes a relative depth map to estimate the obstacles nearby. Then, the map is segmented and the most promising Region of Interest (RoI) is identified. Finally, an escape direction is computed within the RoI and a control action is performed accordingly to avoid the obstacles. We tested our approach on a video sequence in a natural environment and compared it against a stateofthe-art method showing better performance, specially in light changing conditions. We also provide online results on a low-cost Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) in a controlled environment. © 2016 IEEE.

关键词： Remotely operated vehicles

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Supervised texture segmentation through a multi-level pixel-based classifier based on specifically designed filters

Supervised texture segmentation through a multi-level pixel-...

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Jaime Melendez Xavier Girones Domenec Puig Intelligent Robotics and Computer Vision Group Department of Computer Science and Mathematics Rovira i Virgili University Spain

This paper presents a new, efficient technique for supervised texture segmentation based on a set of specifically designed filters and a multi-level pixel-based classifier. Filter design is carried out by means of a neural network, which is trained to maximize the filters' discrimination power among the texture classes under consideration. Texture features obtained with these filters are then processed by a classification scheme that utilizes multiple evaluation window sizes following a top-down approach, which iteratively refines the resulting segmentation. The proposed technique is compared to previous supervised texture segmenters by using both synthetic compositions and real outdoor textured images.

关键词： Filter banks Image segmentation Feature extraction Gabor filters Adaptive filters Conferences Support vector machines

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On adapting pixel-based classification to unsupervised texture segmentation

On adapting pixel-based classification to unsupervised textu...

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2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, ICPR 2010

作者： Melendez, Jaime Puig, Domenec Angel Garcia, Miguel Intelligent Robotics and Computer Vision Group Rovira I Virgili University Dept. of Computer Science and Mathematics Av. Paisos Catalans 26 43007 Tarragona Spain Autonomous University of Madrid Dept. of Informatics Engineering Francisco Tomas y Valiente 11 28049 Madrid Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9780769541099

An inherent problem of unsupervised texture segmentation is the absence of previous knowledge regarding the texture patterns present in the images to be segmented. A new efficient methodology for unsupervised image segmentation based on texture is proposed. It takes advantage of a supervised pixel-based texture classifier trained with feature vectors associated with a set of texture patterns initially extracted through a clustering algorithm. Therefore, the final segmentation is achieved by classifying each image pixel into one of the patterns obtained after the previous clustering process. Multi-sized evaluation windows following a top-down approach are applied during pixel classification in order to improve accuracy. The proposed technique has been experimentally validated on MeasTex, VisTex and Brodatz compositions, as well as on complex ground and aerial outdoor images. Comparisons with state-of-the-art unsupervised texture segmenters are also provided. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Clustering algorithms

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Robust color image segmentation through tensor voting

Robust color image segmentation through tensor voting

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International Conference on Pattern Recognition

作者： Moreno, Rodrigo Garcia, Miguel Angel Puig, Domenec Rovira I Virgili University Intelligent Robotics and Computer Vision Group Dept. of Computer Science and Mathematics Av. Països Catalans 26 43007 Tarragona Spain Autonomous University of Madrid Dept. of Informatics Engineering Francisco Tomas y Valiente 11 28049 Madrid Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9780769541099

This paper presents a new method for robust color image segmentation based on tensor voting, a robust perceptual grouping technique used to extract salient information from noisy data. First, an adaptation of tensor voting to both image denoising and robust edge detection is applied. Second, pixels in the filtered image are classified into likely-homogeneous and likely-inhomogeneous by means of the edginess maps generated in the first step. Third, the likely-homogeneous pixels are segmented through an efficient graph-based segmenter. Finally, a modified version of the same graph-based segmenter is applied to the likely-inhomogeneous pixels in order to obtain the final segmentation. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm has a better performance than the state-of-the-art. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Pixels

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Robust Color Image Segmentation through Tensor Voting

Robust Color Image Segmentation through Tensor Voting

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International Conference on Pattern Recognition

作者： Rodrigo Moreno Miguel Angel Garcia Domenec Puig Intelligent Robotics and Computer Vision Group Department of Computer Science and Mathematics Rovira i Virgili University Tarragona Spain Department of Informatics Engineering Autonomous University of Madrid Madrid Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781424475421

This paper presents a new method for robust color image segmentation based on tensor voting, a robust perceptual grouping technique used to extract salient information from noisy data. First, an adaptation of tensor voting to both image denoising and robust edge detection is applied. Second, pixels in the filtered image are classified into likely-homogeneous and likely-inhomogeneous by means of the edginess maps generated in the first step. Third, the likely-homosgeneous pixels are segmented through an efficient graph-based segmenter. Finally, a modified version of the same graph-based segmenter is applied to the likely-inhomogeneous pixels in order to obtain the final segmentation. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm has a better performance than the state-of-the-art.

关键词： Pixel Image segmentation Tensile stress Robustness Image color analysis Image edge detection Noise measurement

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