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arXiv 2024年

作者： Niess, Georg Kern, Roman Institute of Interactive Systems and Data Science Graz University of Technology Graz Austria Know-Center GmbH Institute of Interactive Systems and Data Science Graz University of Technology Graz Austria

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has made it increasingly difficult to distinguish between text written by humans and machines. Addressing this, we propose a novel method for generating watermarks that strategically alters token probabilities during generation. Unlike previous works, this method uniquely employs linguistic features such as stylometry. Concretely, we introduce acrostica and sensorimotor norms to LLMs. Further, these features are parameterized by a key, which is updated every sentence. To compute this key, we use semantic zero shot classification, which enhances resilience. In our evaluation, we find that for three or more sentences, our method achieves a false positive and false negative rate of 0.02. For the case of a cyclic translation attack, we observe similar results for seven or more sentences. This research is of particular of interest for proprietary LLMs to facilitate accountability and prevent societal harm. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Semantics

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Architecture of Modern E-Learning Management System

Architecture of Modern E-Learning Management System

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2023 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Information, Electronic and Energy systems, CIEES 2023

作者： Scerbakov, Nikolai Schukin, Alexander Rezedinova, Eugenia Graz University of Technology Institute of Interactive Systems and Data Science Graz Austria Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Institute of Computer Science and Cybersecurity St. Petersburg Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350336917

Abstract-In contemporary educational institutions, a robust Learning Management System (LMS) plays an important role within the E-Learning infrastructure. An LMS serves as an organized repository for course materials while also incorporating vital communication features like discussion forums, annotations, and chats. The LMS encompasses tools designed to monitor students' advancement through course materials and assess the knowledge they acquire during their learning journey. Since the LMS is a complex software application, which operates for extended periods of time, it needs a careful consideration of its design in terms of functionality, dependability, and lifecycle management. In this paper, we present the architecture of a modern LMS called WBT-Master. This architectural framework is referred to as CDAT, representing Controller, data, Activity, and Template. The 'Activity' assumes a central role within the application. It processes the incoming data according to its designated purpose, and visualizes the data on the user's screen. The 'Template' element comprises HTML fragments containing placeholders The placeholders are bound to the activity variables. 'Controllers' act as event handlers and load the different activities depending on user actions. 'data Provider' offer a unified data representation on diverse data sources. We also explore the system's data organization principles and its seamless integration with popular cloud services. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Life cycle

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Teaching mechanics with individual exercise assignments and automated correction

Teaching mechanics with individual exercise assignments and ...

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93rd Annual Meeting of the International Association of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, GAMM 2023

作者： Gfrerer, Michael H. Marussig, Benjamin Maitz, Katharina Bangerl, Mia M. Graz University of Technology Graz Austria Graz Austria Institute of Interactive Systems and Data Science Graz University of Technology Graz Austria

Solving exercise problems by yourself is a vital part of developing a mechanical understanding. Yet, most mechanics lectures have more than 200 participants, so the workload for manually creating and correcting assignments limits the number of exercises. The resulting example pool is usually much smaller than the number of participants, making verifying whether students can solve problems themselves considerably harder. At the same time, unreflected copying of tasks already solved does not foster the understanding of the subject and leads to a false self-assessment. We address these issues by providing a scalable approach for creating, distributing, and correcting exercise assignments for problems related to statics, strength of materials, dynamics, and hydrostatics. The overall concept allows us to provide individual exercise assignments for each student. A quantitative survey among students of our recent statics lecture assesses the acceptance of our teaching tool. The feedback indicates a clear added value for the lecture, which fosters self-directed and reflective learning. © 2023 The Authors. Proceedings in Applied Mathematics & Mechanics published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Students

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Markov Aggregation for Speeding Up Agent-Based Movement Simulations 22

Markov Aggregation for Speeding Up Agent-Based Movement Simu...

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22nd International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent systems, AAMAS 2023

作者： Geiger, Bernhard C. Jahani, Alireza Hussain, Hussain Groen, Derek Know-Center GmbH Graz Austria Brunel University London Uxbridge United Kingdom Institute for Interactive Systems and Data Science Graz University of Technology Graz Austria

In this work, we investigate Markov aggregation for agent-based models (ABMs). Specifically, if the ABM models agent movements on a graph, if its ruleset satisfies certain assumptions, and if the aim is to simulate aggregate statistics such as vertex populations, then the ABM can be replaced by a Markov chain on a comparably small state space. This equivalence between a function of the ABM and a smaller Markov chain allows to reduce the computational complexity of the agent-based simulation from being linear in the number of agents, to being constant in the number of agents and polynomial in the number of locations. We instantiate our theory for a recent ABM for forced migration (Flee). We show that, even though the rulesets of Flee violate some of our necessary assumptions, the aggregated Markov chain-based model, MarkovFlee, achieves comparable accuracy at substantially reduced computational cost. Thus, MarkovFlee can help NGOs and policy makers forecast forced migration in certain conflict scenarios in a cost-effective manner, contributing to fast and efficient delivery of humanitarian relief. © 2023 International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent systems (***). All rights reserved.

关键词： Autonomous agents

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A Survey on Usage of Multimedia databases for Emotion Elicitation: A Quantitative Report on How Content Diversity Can Improve Performance 46

A Survey on Usage of Multimedia Databases for Emotion Elicit...

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46th ICT and Electronics Convention, MIPRO 2023

作者： Horvat, M. Jercic, P. University of Zagreb Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing Department of Applied Computing Zagreb Croatia Graz University of Technology Institute of Interactive Systems and Data Science Graz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9789532331042

Affective picture databases provide a standardized set of images to elicit controlled and consistent emotional responses in research participants. They are a valuable tool for studying various emotion-related phenomena across several research domains. These domains include emotion perception, emotion regulation, and the neural basis of emotion. However, affective picture databases have diverse schemas, structures, and content, making them difficult to use. Searching and retrieving optimal pictures relevant to affective stimulation may be challenging and time-consuming. In this context, we surveyed domain experts about their practices and experiences working with affective multimedia databases such as IAPS, NAPS, OASIS, GAPED, and others. The survey identified a need for novel data observatory software. This finding motivates the authors' intention to develop and validate such software platform that relies on AI. Such a platform would describe better, retrieve, and integrate various semi-structured affective multimedia datasets. The results prominently indicate the overwhelming dissatisfaction regarding stimuli content diversity and cultural bias, specifically regarding emotional and semantic context. The main driver of satisfaction from users of existing automated retrieval software is the quality of semantic descriptors available. This points to the direction AI should take in novel data observatory software. This survey follows up on a similar survey conducted ten years ago and explores the differences in researchers' opinions and experiences during that time. The complete aggregated results are publicly available at https://***/mhorvat/stimdbsurvey. © 2023 MIPRO Croatian Society.

关键词： database systems

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Computational Narrative Framing: Towards Identifying Frames through Contrasting the Evolution of Narrations 7

Computational Narrative Framing: Towards Identifying Frames ...

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7th Workshop on Narrative Extraction From Texts, Text2Story 2024

作者： Reiter-Haas, Markus Klösch, Beate Hadler, Markus Lex, Elisabeth Graz University of Technology Institute of Interactive Systems and Data Science Sandgasse 36/III Graz8010 Austria University of Graz Department of Sociology Universitätsstraße 15/G4 Graz8010 Austria

Our understanding of the world is fundamentally shaped by language, with narrations being a central point, and influenced by its framing. Recent advancements in language models gave rise to computational methods for both narrative understanding and framing analysis. Although given their overlap, these two strands are mostly researched independently. In this position paper, we argue for their consolidation in the form of narrative framing, i.e., the framing process driven by narrations. Herein, we outline similarities between both based on semantic elements. Besides, we discuss how different narratives might compete with each other, as well as evolve over time. Thereby, narratives inevitably change the framing, exemplarily depicted on the issue of climate change. We believe that the analysis of narrative frames will lead to a broader understanding of textual corpora as a whole rather than individual pieces of text. © 2024 Copyright for this paper by its authors.

关键词： Climate change

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A Movement Matured: Results of a Co-citation Analysis, and Some Reflections on the Relations Between Social Structure and Ideas in Futures Studies

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World Futures Review 2023年第3期16卷 181 - 198页

作者： Christian Dayé Technology and Society (STS) Unit Institute of Interactive Systems and Data Science Graz University of Technology Graz Austria

Scholars and practitioners have long criticized the inherent dominance of Western ideas in futures studies and claimed the need for a de-centering or decolonizing of the field. As a process of transforming science, de-centering occurs on at least two levels: at the level of thought and at the level of social structure. Sociologists of science, science and Technology Studies (STS) scholars, and others have conducted research for many years on the interlinkages between social structures and knowledge structures and have developed several concepts to do so. In this article, I discuss some of these concepts and combine these theoretical conceptualizations with a co-citation analysis of recent publications in the futures studies. Based on a sample of futures studies publications that have appeared in the last ten years (n = 500) retrieved from the Web of scienceTM database, a strongly inter-related network with four clusters can be identified. The works in each these four clusters are related in terms of their subject matter. They concern (1) the politico-intellectual program of futures studies, (2) their epistemological foundations, (3) questions of methodology, and (4) scenarios as the core technique of futures thinking. Both the works and their authors come from a broad variety of cultural backgrounds; they also display a relatively high number of co-citations with works in clusters other than their own. Taken together, these findings indicate that the information space sampled in this study to represent futures studies has already become de-centered to a large degree, both at the level of social structure and at the level of thought.

关键词： sociology of knowledge social shape of futures studies internationalization science and technology studies sociology of ideas scientific/intellectual movements

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Assessing Trustworthy Ai: Technical and Legal Perspectives of Fairness in Ai

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Kattnig, Markus Angerschmid, Alessa Reichel, Thomas Kern, Roman Institute of Interactive Systems and Data Science Graz University of Technology Sandgasse 36 Styria Graz8010 Austria

Artificial Intelligence systems are used more and more nowadays, from the application of decision support systems to autonomous vehicles. Hence, the widespread use of AI systems in various fields raises concerns about their potential impact on human safety and autonomy, especially regarding fair decision-making. Therefore, it must be ensured that decisions made by such systems are fair and unbiased. Although there are many different methods for bias mitigation, few of them meet existing legal requirements. Unclear legal frameworks further worsen this problem. To address this issue, this paper investigates the current state-of-the-art methods for bias mitigation and contrasts them with the legal requirements, whereby the scope is limited to the European Union. Moreover, the paper initially examines state-of-the-art approaches to ensure AI fairness, and subsequently, outlines various fairness measures. Challenges of defining fairness and the need for a comprehensive legal methodology to address fairness in AI systems are discussed. The paper contributes to the ongoing discussion on fairness in AI and highlights the importance of meeting legal requirements to ensure fairness and non-discrimination for all data subjects. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decision making

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Framing Analysis of Health-Related Narratives: Conspiracy versus Mainstream Media

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Reiter-Haas, Markus Klösch, Beate Hadler, Markus Lex, Elisabeth Institute of Interactive Systems and Data Science Graz University of Technology Austria Department of Sociology University of Graz Austria

Understanding how online media frame issues is crucial due to their impact on public opinion. Research on framing using natural language processing techniques mainly focuses on specific content features in messages and neglects their narrative elements. Also, the distinction between framing in different sources remains an understudied problem. We address those issues and investigate how the framing of health-related topics, such as COVID-19 and other diseases, differs between conspiracy and mainstream websites. We incorporate narrative information into the framing analysis by introducing a novel frame extraction approach based on semantic graphs. We find that health-related narratives in conspiracy media are predominantly framed in terms of beliefs, while mainstream media tend to present them in terms of science. We hope our work offers new ways for a more nuanced frame analysis. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantics

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TayHome Playing LoL - Analyzing Players' Activity and Social Bonds in League of Legends during Covid-19 Lockdowns 16

TayHome Playing LoL - Analyzing Players' Activity and Social...

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16th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games, FDG 2021

作者： Petrosino, Simone Loria, Enrica Pirker, Johanna Institute of Interactive Systems and Data Science Graz University of Technology Graz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781450384223

Humans are social beings. It is therefore not surprising that the social distancing and movement restrictions associated with the Covid-19 pandemic had severe consequences for the well-being of large sections of the population, leading to increased loneliness and related mental diseases. Many people found emotional shelter in online multiplayer games, which have already proven to be great social incubators. While the positive effect games had on individuals has become evident, we are still unaware of how and if games fostered the fundamental need for connectedness that people sought. In other words: how have the social bonds and interaction patterns of players changed with the advent of the pandemic? For this purpose, we analyzed one year of data from an online multiplayer game (League of Legends) to observe the impact of Covid-19 on player assiduity and sociality in three different geographical regions (i.e., Europe, North America, and South Korea). Our results show a strong relationship between the development of Covid-19 restrictions and player activity, together with more robust and recurrent social bonds, especially for players committed to the game. Additionally, players with reinforced social bonds - i.e., people played with similar teammates - were more likely to stay in the game even once the restrictions were lifted. © 2021 ACM.

关键词： Social networking (online)

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