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arXiv 2022年

作者： Thiele, Gregor Johanni, Theresa Sommer, David Krüger, Jörg Department for Process Automation and Robotics Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Germany Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Technical University of Berlin Berlin Germany Weierstrass Institute for Applied Analysis and Stochastics Berlin Germany Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management Technical University of Berlin Berlin Germany

The operation of industrial facilities is a broad field for optimization. Industrial plants are often a) composed of several components, b) linked using network technology, c) physically interconnected and d) complex regarding the effect of set-points and operating points in every entity. This leads to the possibility of overall optimization but also to a high complexity of the emerging optimization problems. The decomposition of complex systems allows the modeling of individual models which can be structured according to the physical topology. A method for energy performance indicators (EnPI) helps to formulate an optimization problem. The optimization algorithm OptTopo achieves efficient set-points by traversing a graph representation of the overall system. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Optimization

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Automatic face region tracking for highly accurate face recognition in unconstrained environments

Automatic face region tracking for highly accurate face reco...

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IEEE Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS)

作者： Y.-O. Kim J. Paik Jingu Heo A. Koschan B. Abidi M. Abidi Korea Electronics and Technology Institute Puchon Gyeonggi South Korea Image Processing Laboratory Department of Image Engineering Graduate School of Advanced Imaging Science Multimedia and Film Chung-Ang University Seoul South Korea Imaging Robotics and Intelligent Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tennessee Knoxville USA

We present a combined real-time face region tracking and highly accurate face recognition technique for an intelligent surveillance system. High-resolution face images are very important to achieving accurate identification of a human face. Conventional surveillance or security systems, however, usually provide poor image quality because they use only fixed cameras to record scenes passively. We have implemented a real-time surveillance system that tracks a moving face using four pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) cameras. While tracking, the region-of-interest (ROI) can be obtained by using a low-pass filter and background subtraction with the PTZ. Color information in the ROI is updated to extract features for optimal tracking and zooming. FaceIt/sup /spl reg//, which is one of the most popular face recognition software packages, is evaluated and then used to recognize the faces from the video signal. Experimentation with real human faces showed highly acceptable results in the sense of both accuracy and computational efficiency.

关键词： Face recognition Surveillance Real time systems Humans Cameras Intelligent systems Security Image quality Layout Low pass filters

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Continuous-time fitted value iteration for robust policies

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Lutter, Michael Belousov, Boris Mannor, Shie Fox, Dieter Garg, Animesh Peters, Jan Intelligent Autonomous Systems group Computer Science Department Technical University of Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany Andrew and Erna Viterbi Faculty of Electrical & Computer Engineering Technion – Israel Institute of Technology and a Distinguished Scientist at NVIDIA Tel Aviv Israel Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering University of Washington and Senior Director of Robotics Research NVIDIA Washington Seattle United States Computer Science Department University of Toronto NVIDIA Toronto Canada

Solving the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation is important in many domains including control, robotics and economics. Especially for continuous control, solving this differential equation and its extension the Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs equation, is important as it yields the optimal policy that achieves the maximum reward on a give task. In the case of the Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs equation, which includes an adversary controlling the environment and minimizing the reward, the obtained policy is also robust to perturbations of the dynamics. In this paper we propose continuous fitted value iteration (cFVI) and robust fitted value iteration (rFVI). These algorithms leverage the non-linear control-affine dynamics and separable state and action reward of many continuous control problems to derive the optimal policy and optimal adversary in closed form. This analytic expression simplifies the differential equations and enables us to solve for the optimal value function using value iteration for continuous actions and states as well as the adversarial case. Notably, the resulting algorithms do not require discretization of states or actions. We apply the resulting algorithms to the Furuta pendulum and cartpole. We show that both algorithms obtain the optimal policy. The robustness Sim2Real experiments on the physical systems show that the policies successfully achieve the task in the real-world. When changing the masses of the pendulum, we observe that robust value iteration is more robust compared to deep reinforcement learning algorithm and the non-robust version of the algorithm. Videos of the experiments are shown at https://***/view/rfvi Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dynamic programming

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Rotary nanomotors based on head-to-head nanotube shuttles

Rotary nanomotors based on head-to-head nanotube shuttles

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IEEE International Conference on robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： M. Hamdi A. Subramanian L. X. Dong A. Ferreira B. J. Nelson ENSI Bourges Institut PRISME Bourges France Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque NM USA Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA

A novel rotary nanomotor is described using two axially aligned, opposing chirality nanotube shuttles. Based on inter-shell screw-like motion of nanotubes, rotary motion is generated by electrostatically pulling the two cores together. Simulations using molecular dynamics show the generation of rotation from armchair nanotube pairs and their actuation properties. The simulation results, together with recently reported progress in realizing batch-fabricated ultra-high density nanotube shuttles, point towards the use of these motors as building blocks in nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) and nanorobotic systems for sensing, actuation, and computation applications.

关键词： Nanoelectromechanical systems Carbon nanotubes Micromotors Computational modeling Intelligent robots Nanostructured materials Nanostructures Nanoscale devices Rotors Voltage

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A new model of the visual feedback coordinate transformation in humans based on disturbance noise and feedback error that accounts for time delays

A new model of the visual feedback coordinate transformation...

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IEEE International Workshop on Intelligent Robots and systems (IROS)

作者： E. Oyama K.F. MacDorman T. Maeda S. Tachi A. Agah Science and Technology (AIST) National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan Intelligent Robotics Laboratory Graduate School of Systems Engineering Wakayama University Wakayama Japan School of Engineering University of Tokyo Bunkyo Tokyo Japan Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Kansas Lawrence KS USA

An essential factor in understanding the motor learning capability of humans, is the coordinate transformation learning of the visual feedback controller. Although a number of learning models for the visual feedback controller have been proposed, none has been able to establish a definitive approach. In our previous work, we have suggested a learning model that uses disturbance noise and the feedback error signal to learn the human visual feedback controller's coordinate transformation. However, the model does not fully consider the time delay in the visual feedback control loop. This paper presents a modified learning model taking into account the time delay and the convergence properties of the model. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

关键词： Humans Delay effects Adaptive control Error correction Biological system modeling Feedback control Convergence Kinematics Intelligent robots Velocity control

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Refining edges detected by a LoG operator

Refining edges detected by a LoG operator

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Conference on computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

作者： F. Ulupinar G. Medioni Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci. Univ. of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Systems Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA

The Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) operator is one of the most popular operators used in edge detection. This operator, however, has some problems: zero-crossings do not always correspond to edges, and edges with an asymmetric profile introduce a symmetric bias between edge and zero-crossing locations. The authors offer solutions to these two problems. First, for one-dimensional signals, such as slices from images, they propose a simple test to detect true edges, and, for the problem of bias, they propose different techniques: the first one combines the results of the convolution of two LoG operators of different deviations, whereas the others sample the convolution with a single LoG filter at two points besides the zero-crossing. In addition to localization, these methods allow them to further characterize the shape of the edge. The authors present an implementation of these techniques for edges in 2-D images.< >

关键词： Image edge detection Laplace equations Detectors Intelligent robots Convolution Shape Intelligent systems Testing Filters Image segmentation

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BioImplantable Bone Stress Sensor

BioImplantable Bone Stress Sensor

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： J.F. Alfaro L.E. Weiss P.G. Campbell M.C. Miller C. Heyward J.S. Doctor G.K. Fedder Robotics Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA Institute for Complex Engineered Systems and Department of Biomedical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA School of Health Sciences Duquesne University Pittsburgh PA USA Department of Biological Sciences Duquesne University Pittsburgh PA USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA

The clinical management of skeletal trauma and disease relies on radiographic imaging to infer bone quality. However, bone strength does not necessarily correlate well with image intensity. There is a need for a safe and convenient way to measure bone strength in situ. This paper presents a new technique to directly measure bone strength in situ at a microlevel scale through a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) sensor. The proposed MEMS stress sensor comprises an array of piezoresistive sensor "pixels" to detect stress across the interfacial area between the MEMS chip and bone with resolution to 100 Pa, in 1 sec averaging. The sensors are located within a textured surface to accommodate sensor integration into bone. From initial research, surface topography with 30-60 /mum features was found to be conducive to guiding new cell growth. Finite element analysis has led to a sensor design for normal and shear stress detection

关键词： Stress Biosensors Sensor arrays Micromechanical devices Semiconductor device measurement Surface topography Quality management Radio spectrum management Bone diseases Radiography

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Integrated mechatronics design of flexure joint and controller in dual-drive gantry: a constrained H2 optimization approach

Integrated mechatronics design of flexure joint and controll...

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2017 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, AIM 2017

作者： Ma, Jun Chen, Si-Lu Kamaldin, Nazir Teo, Chek Sing Tay, Arthur Mamun, Abdullah Al Tan, Kok Kiong Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering SIMTech-NUS Joint Lab on Precision Motion Systems National University of Singapore 117582 Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore 117576 Singapore Mechatronics Group Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology 138634 Singapore Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment Technology Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo Zhejiang315121 China NUS Grad. School for Inte. Sci. and Eng. and Department of Electrical Computer Engineering National University of Singapore 119077 Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781509059980

The dual-drive H gantry is widely used in many industrial processes that require high precision Cartesian motion. The conventional rigid-link version suffers breaking down of joints if any de-synchronization between the two carriages occurs. To prevent above potential risk, a novel biaxial gantry with flexure-links is designed to allow a small rotation angle of the cross-Arm. Nevertheless, the chattering of control signals and inappropriate design of the flexure joint will possibly induce resonant modes of the end effector. Thus, in this work, the design requirements in terms of tracking accuracy, biaxial synchronization, and resonant mode suppression are achieved by integrated optimization of the stiffness of flexures and PID controller parameters for a class of point-To-point trajectories with same dynamics but different steps. From here, an H2 optimization with defined constraints is formulated, and an efficient iterative solver is proposed by hybridizing direct computation of constrained projection gradient and line search of optimal steps. Comparative experiments results obtained on the testbed are presented to verify the effectiveness of proposed method. © 2017 IEEE.

关键词： Constrained optimization

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Decentralized Task Sequencing and Multiple Mission Control for Heterogeneous Robotic Networks

Decentralized Task Sequencing and Multiple Mission Control f...

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2011 IEEE International Conference on robotics and Automation(2011年IEEE世界机器人与自动化大会 ICRA 2011)

作者： Donato Di Paola Andrea Gasparri Giovanni Ulivi David Naso Frank L. Lewis Institute of Intelligent Systems for Automation (ISSIA) National Research Council (CNR)70126 BariI Faculty of Engineering Computer Science and Automation DepartmentUniversity "Roma Tre"00146 RomeI Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (DEE) Polytechnic of Bari70126 BariItaly the Automation and Robotics Research Institute University of Texas at ArlingtonFort WorthTX 76118-

In this paper a novel decentralized approach for task sequencing within a multiple missions control framework is presented. The main contribution of this work concerns the decentralization of a control framework for multiple mission execution in order to enhance the robustness of the system, and the application of the latter to a heterogeneous robotic network. The proposed approach is based on the Matrixbased Discrete Event Framework (MDEF). This formalism is adapted to networks of heterogeneous robots, i.e., robots with different capabilities, and to the decentralized control of mission execution using a consensus-based approach which guarantees the agreement among robots on executed actions and their consequences.

关键词： Mathematical model Equations Resource management Robot sensing systems Availability Multiagent systems

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Novelty detection and 3D shape retrieval using superquadrics and multi-scale sampling for autonomous mobile robots

Novelty detection and 3D shape retrieval using superquadrics...

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IEEE International Conference on robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： P. Drews P. Núñez R. Rocha M. Campos J. Dias Dept. Computer Science Federal University of Minas Gerais Brazil ISIS Group Universidad de Málaga Spain Department Tecnología de los Computadores y las Comunicaciones Universidad de Extremadura Spain Institute of Systems and Robotics Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Coimbra Portugal Dept. Tecnología de los Computadores y las Comunicaciones Universidad de Extremadura Spain Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Coimbra Portugal

There are several applications for which it is important to both detect and communicate changes in data models. For instance, in some mobile robotics applications (e.g. surveillance) a robot needs to detect significant changes in the environment (e.g. a layout change) which it may achieve by comparing current data provided by its sensors with previously acquired data (e.g. map) of the environment. This often constitutes an extremely challenging task due to the large amounts of data that must be compared in real-time. This paper proposes a framework to detect, and represent changes through a compact model. The main steps of the procedure are: multi-scale sampling to reduce the computation burden; change detection based on Gaussian mixture models; fitting superquadrics to detected changes; and refinement and optimization using the split and merge paradigm. Experimental results in various real and simulated scenarios demonstrate the approach's feasibility and robustness with large datasets.

关键词： Shape Sampling methods Mobile robots Robot sensing systems Navigation robotics and automation Information retrieval Data models Surveillance Simultaneous localization and mapping

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