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Oral Sciences phd program Enrollment, Graduates, and Placement: 1994 to 2016

JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH 2018年第5期97卷 483-491页

作者： Herzog, C. R. Berzins, D. W. DenBesten, P. Gregory, R. L. Hargreaves, K. M. Messer, R. L. W. Mina, M. Mooney, M. P. Paine, M. L. Phillips, C. Presland, R. B. Quivey, R. G. Scannapieco, F. A. Sheridan, J. F. Svoboda, K. K. H. Trackman, P. C. Walker, M. P. Walker, S. G. Wang, C. Y. Hu, J. C. C. Univ Michigan Sch Dent DDS Class 2020 Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Marquette Univ Sch Dent Dent Biomat Milwaukee WI 53233 USA Marquette Univ Sch Dent Gen Dent Sci Milwaukee WI 53233 USA Univ Calif San Francisco Dept Orofacial Sci Sch Dent San Francisco CA 94143 USA Univ Calif San Francisco Sch Dent Ctr Childrens Oral Hlth Res San Francisco CA USA Indiana Univ Grad Educ Sch Dent Indianapolis IN 46204 USA Indiana Univ Sch Dent Dent Sci Program Indianapolis IN USA Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio Dept Endodont San Antonio TX 78229 USA Augusta Univ Dent Coll Georgia Oral Biol & Maxillofacial Pathol Augusta GA USA Univ Connecticut Ctr Hlth Sch Dent Med Dept Craniofacial SciDiv Pediat Dent Farmington CT USA Univ Pittsburgh Dept Oral Biol Sch Dent Med Pittsburgh PA USA Univ Pittsburgh Oral Biol Grad Program Sch Dent Med Pittsburgh PA USA Univ Southern Calif Dent Herman Ostrow Sch Dent Los Angeles CA USA Univ Southern Calif Grad Program Craniofacial Biol Herman Ostrow Sch Dent Los Angeles CA USA Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill Adv Dent Educ & Grad Studies Sch Dent Chapel Hill NC USA Univ Washington Sch Dent Dept Oral Hlth Sci Grad Program Oral Biol Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Rochester Sch Med & Dent Eastman Inst Oral Hlth Ctr Oral Biol Rochester NY USA Univ Rochester Sch Med & Dent Eastman Inst Oral Hlth Dept Microbiol & Immunol Rochester NY USA SUNY Buffalo Sch Dent Med Dept Oral Biol Buffalo NY USA SUNY Buffalo Sch Dent Med Fac & Profess Dev Buffalo NY USA Ohio State Univ Biosci OSU Coll Dent Columbus OH 43210 USA Ohio State Univ Inst Behav Med Res Columbus OH 43210 USA Texas A&M Univ Coll Dent Oral Biol Grad Program Dallas TX USA Texas A&M Univ Coll Dent Dept Biomed Sci Dallas TX USA Boston Univ Mol & Cell Biol Henry M Goldman Sch Dent Med Boston MA USA Boston Univ Grad Programs Henry M Goldman Sch Dent Med Boston MA USA Univ Missouri Sch Dent Res & Grad Programs Kansas City MO USA Univ Missouri Sch Dent Oral &

For decades, dental schools in the United States have endured a significant faculty shortage. Studies have determined that the top 2 sources of dental faculty are advanced education programs and private practice. Those who have completed both DDS and phd training are considered prime candidates for dental faculty positions. However, there is no national database to track those trainees and no evidence to indicate that they entered academia upon graduation. The objective of this study was to assess outcomes of dental school-affiliated oral sciences phd program enrollment, graduates, and placement between 1994 and 2016. Using the American Dental Association annual survey of advanced dental education programs not accredited by the Commission on Dental Accreditation and data obtained from 22 oral sciences phd programs, we assessed student demographics, enrollment, graduation, and placement. Based on the data provided by program directors, the average new enrollment was 33, and graduation was 26 per year. A total of 605 graduated;39 did not complete;and 168 were still in training. Among those 605 graduates, 211 were faculty in U.S. academic institutions, and 77 were faculty in foreign institutions. Given that vacant budgeted full-time faculty positions averaged 257 per year during this period, graduates from those oral sciences phd programs who entered academia in the United States would have filled 9 (3.6%) vacant faculty positions per year. Therefore, phd programs have consistently generated only a small pipeline of dental school faculty. Better mentoring to retain talent in academia is necessary. Stronger support and creative funding plans are essential to sustain the phd program. Furthermore, the oral sciences phd program database should be established and maintained by dental professional organizations to allow assessments of training models, trends of enrollment, graduation, and placement outcomes.

关键词： academic education outcomes dental schools survey demographics

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Response Preparation Affects Cognitive Motor Control

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HUMAN FACTORS 2024年第4期66卷 975-986页

作者： Andujar, Marta Marc, Isabel Beatrice Giuffrida, Valentina Ferraina, Stefano Brunamonti, Emiliano Pani, Pierpaolo Sapienza Univ Dept Physiol & Pharmacol Behav Neurosci PhD Program Rome Italy Sapienza Univ Behav Neurosci PhD Program Rome Italy

Objective We investigated how the ability to control whether or not to inhibit an action is affected by the response preparation. Background The ability to control actions is a central skill to properly behave in complex environments. Increased levels of response preparation are associated with reduced response times, but how they directly affect the ability to control actions is not well explored. We investigated how the response preparation affects the ability to control the generation of actions in the context of a stop selective task. Method Participants performed a visuo-motor stop selective task. Results We found that an increased level of response preparation reduced the ability to control actions. In the condition with high preparation, we observed shorter response times and increased probability of wrong responses to a request to stop, compared to a condition with a lower level of preparation. Conclusion We demonstrated that high response preparation hinders action control. Application Understanding the cognitive factors that affect the ability to properly control actions is crucial to develop devices that can be exploited in different contexts such as the aviation, industrial, and military. We demonstrated that subjects' response preparation is a key factor influencing their ability to flexibly control their reaction to different stimuli. This study offers a suitable paradigm that can be used to investigate which system features in a controlled task promote an optimal balance between response speed and error rate.

关键词： control process decision making motor control response time perceptual-motor performance

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Wearable strain sensor and flexible direct-current nanogenerator made by medical mask wastes and PEDOT:PSS-based conductive inks

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SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES 2025年 44卷

作者： Lee, Min-Hsuan Natl Tsing Hua Univ PhD Program Biomed Artificial Intelligence Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan

The disposal of polypropylene (PP) from discarded masks during the COVID-19 pandemic has become a major source of plastic particle pollution in aquatic environments, such as rivers and estuaries, drawing significant attention from the healthcare industry. Converting these waste polymers into high-value electronic products offers an economically viable and sustainable solution, paving the way for innovative methodologies. The practical application of direct-current triboelectric nanogenerators (DC-TENGs) requires a precisely matched metal-semiconductor interface. Additionally, wearable sensors must be designed with flexibility and comfort-ability to ensure reliable performance in personal health monitoring and human-machine interaction. In this study, we use a simple drop-casting method to deposit a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)-based hybrid conductive layer onto a PP substrate derived from discarded masks. This enables the fabrication of flexible strain sensors and textile-based DC-TENGs. Our environmentally friendly approach aligns with several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 12, which promotes responsible consumption and production.

关键词： Medical plastic waste Organic tribovoltaic nanogenerator Fabric-based strain sensor

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Robotic Exoskeleton With Mechanically Implemented Kinematic Synergy for Quadrupedal Gait of Rats

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IEEE ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LETTERS 2025年第4期10卷 3620-3627页

作者： Miyamoto, Takayuki Mikhailov, Andrey Hassan, Modar Puentes, Sandra Hiraga, Taichi Soya, Hideaki Suzuki, Kenji Univ Tsukuba PhD Program Empowerment Informat Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan Univ Tsukuba Ctr Cybern Res Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan Univ Tsukuba PhD Program Phys Educ Hlth & Sport Sci Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan

This study introduces a novel kinematic synergy-based exoskeleton designed for gait rehabilitation studies in rats. The exoskeleton assists all three hindlimb joints of the rat (hip, knee and ankle) while ensuring proper interjoint coordination and the natural quadrupedal posture. This assistance is realized through a 2-DOF bar mechanism that emulates the biomechanics of rats. Engineered to be compact, lightweight, backdrivable, and sufficiently powerful, the proposed system minimizes physical stress on the animal while allowing a wide range of assistive forces to be applied. These features are achieved through a combination of a cable power transmission system and direct-drive motors positioned outside the exoskeletal structure. The desktop experiments demonstrated that the exoskeleton could precisely replicate the rat's kinematic gait patterns and remain backdrivable whether powered or unpowered. The feasibility of gait assistance was further confirmed in an anesthetized rat, where synergistic gait patterns were observed between the joints. Hence, the system holds the potential to enable controlled comparative neurorehabilitation studies in rats. These studies can help unveil neural recovery mechanisms and design optimal exoskeleton control strategies for rehabilitation in humans.

关键词： Exoskeletons Rats Robots Motors Quadrupedal robots Kinematics Torque Limbs Robot kinematics Force Rehabilitation robotics prosthetics and exoskeletons actuation and joint mechanism tendon/wire mechanism

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Untrusted Code Compartmentalization for Bare Metal Embedded Devices

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2024年第11期43卷 3419-3430页

作者： Tyler, Liam Nunes, Ivan De Oliveira Rochester Inst Technol Comp & Informat Sci PhD Program Rochester NY 14623 USA

Micro-controller units (MCUs) implement the de facto interface between the physical and digital worlds. As a consequence, they appear in a variety of sensing/actuation applications from smart personal spaces to complex industrial control systems and safety-critical medical equipment. While many of these devices perform safety- and time-critical tasks, they often lack support for security features compatible with their importance to overall system functions. This lack of architectural support leaves them vulnerable to run-time attacks that can remotely alter their intended behavior, with potentially catastrophic consequences. In particular, we note that, MCU software often includes untrusted third-party libraries (some of them closed-source) that are blindly used within MCU programs, without proper isolation from the rest of the system. In turn, a single vulnerability (or intentional backdoor) in one such third-party software can often compromise the entire MCU software state. In this article, we tackle this problem by proposing, demonstrating security, and formally verifying the implementation of UCCA: an Untrusted Code Compartment Architecture. UCCA provides flexible hardware-enforced isolation of untrusted code sections (e.g., third-party software modules) in resource-constrained and time-critical MCUs. To demonstrate UCCA's practicality, we implement an open-source version of the design on a real resource-constrained MCU: the well-known TI MSP430. Our evaluation shows that UCCA incurs little overhead and is affordable even to lowest-end MCUs, requiring significantly less overhead and assumptions than the prior related work.

关键词： Codes Prototypes Computer architecture Software Hardware Real-time systems Sensors Security Time factors Protection Compartmentalization embedded systems hardware security memory protection

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A Burnside ring for monoids

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JOURNAL OF ALGEBRA 2025年 666卷 213-250页

作者： Weissmann, Jeremy CUNY Grad Ctr PhD Program Math New York NY 10017 USA

We define the Burnside ring of a monoid, generalizing the construction for groups. After giving foundational definitions, we describe the monoid-theoretic correlates of orbits and their automorphisms, then prove a structure theorem for a broad class of monoids that allows us to write the Burnside ring as a direct product of Burnside rings of groups. Finally, we define a monoid-theoretic correlate of the table of marks, and show that the Burnside algebra over Q is semisimple. (c) 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

关键词： Monoids Monoid actions Burnside ring Burnside algebra

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The Hyperintensional Variant of Kaplan's Paradox

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PHILOSOPHIA 2024年第1期52卷 187-201页

作者： Lenta, Giorgio Univ Genoa FINO PhD Program Genoa Italy

David Kaplan famously argued that mainstream semantics for modal logic, which identifies propositions with sets of possible worlds, is affected by a cardinality paradox. Takashi Yagisawa showed that a variant of the same paradox arises when standard possible worlds semantics is extended with impossible worlds to deliver a hyperintensional account of propositions. After introducing the problem, we discuss two general approaches to a possible solution: giving up on sets and giving up on worlds, either in the background semantic framework or in the corresponding conception of propositions. As a result, we conclude that abandoning worlds by embracing a truthmaker-based approach offers a promising way to account for hyperintensional propositions without facing the paradoxical outcome.

关键词： Hyperintensionality Impossible worlds semantics Kaplan's paradox Truthmaker semantics

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Insights into nutrients recovery from food waste liquid Digestate: A critical review and systematic analysis

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WASTE MANAGEMENT 2025年 200卷 114743页

作者： Arellano-Yasaca, Diana Victoria Chu, Chen-Yeon Feng Chia Univ PhD Program Infrastruct Planning & Engn Taichung 40724 Taiwan Feng Chia Univ PhD Program Civil Engn Water Resources Engn & Infr Taichung 40724 Taiwan Feng Chia Univ Inst Green Prod Taichung 40724 Taiwan

This review paper presents a critical analysis of global research on the liquid fraction of food waste (FW) digestate. The study found that research on FW liquid fraction management accounted for 43% of the literature, followed by treatment methods (26%) and physical-chemical characterization (22%). By 2023, China led in scientific production on FW liquid fraction, contributing 46%, followed by Poland with 10% and the USA with 8%. The review emphasizes current technologies for nutrient recovery from the liquid fraction, as well as practical implications and limitations, identifying gaps in the literature. The most used methods for nutrient recovery were biofertilizer production from microalgae and membrane technologies. However, there is a need for further research on nutrient value, circular economy integration, the impact of food additives, ecological problems associated with FW decomposition, pathogen breeding, harmonized legislation to support recovered fertilizer commercialization and innovative nutrient recovery technologies. This approach provides valuable insights for stakeholders, enabling the creation of effective strategies that promote sustainable agricultural practices and circular economy initiatives through nutrient recovery from FW digestate.

关键词： Anaerobic Digestion Food Waste Membrane Technologies Microalgae Cultivation Nutrients Recovery

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RNA guanine content and G-quadruplex structure tune the phase behavior and material properties of biomolecular condensates

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 2025年第1期15卷 1-11页

作者： Vidal Ceballos, Alfredo Geissmann, Anna Favaro, Denize C. Deshpande, Priyasha Elbaum-Garfinkle, Shana CUNY Struct Biol Initiat Adv Sci Res Ctr New York NY 10017 USA CUNY Grad Ctr PhD Program Chem New York NY 10017 USA CUNY Grad Ctr PhD Program Biochem New York NY 10017 USA CUNY Grad Ctr PhD Program Biol New York NY 10017 USA

RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are enriched in phase separated biomolecular assemblies across cell types. These RBPs often harbor arginine-glycine rich RGG motifs, which can drive phase separation, and can preferentially interact with RNA G-quadruplex (G4) structures, particularly in the neuron. Increasing evidence underscores the important role that RNA sequence and structure play in contributing to the form and function of protein condensates, however, less is known about the role of G4 RNAs and their interaction with RGG domains specifically. In this study we focused on the model protein, Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), to investigate how G4-containing RNA sequences impact the phase behavior and material properties of condensates. FMRP is implicated in the development of Fragile X Syndrome, and is enriched in neuronal granules where it is thought to aid in mRNA trafficking and translational control. Here, we examined RNA sequences with increasing G content and G4 propensity in complex with the RGG-containing low complexity region (LCR) of FMRP. We found, that while increasing G content triggers aggregation of poly-arginine, all RNA sequences supported phase separation into liquid droplets with FMRP-LCR. Combining microrheology, and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, we measured a moderate increase in viscosity and decrease in dynamics for increasing G-content, and detected no measurable increase in elasticity as a function of G4 structure. Additionally, we found that while methylation of FMRP decreased RNA binding affinity, this modification did not impact condensate material properties suggesting that RNA sequence/structure can play a greater role than binding affinity in determining the emergent properties of condensates. Together, this work lends much needed insight into the ways in which G-rich RNA sequences tune the assembly, dynamics and material properties of protein/RNA condensates and/or granules.

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Conformational Dynamics of the Nucleosomal Histone H2B Tails Revealed by Molecular Dynamics Simulations

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JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING 2024年第12期64卷 4709-4726页

作者： Patel, Rutika Onyema, Augustine Tang, Phu K. Loverde, Sharon M. CUNY Grad Ctr PhD Program Biochem New York NY 10016 USA CUNY Coll Staten Isl Dept Chem Staten Isl NY 10314 USA Flatiron Inst New York NY USA CUNY Grad Ctr PhD Program Chem New York NY 10016 USA CUNY Grad Ctr PhD Program Phys New York NY 10016 USA

Epigenetic modifications of histone N-terminal tails play a critical role in regulating the chromatin structure and biological processes such as transcription and DNA repair. One of the key post-translational modifications (PTMs) is the acetylation of lysine residues on histone tails. Epigenetic modifications are ubiquitous in the development of diseases, such as cancer and neurological disorders. Histone H2B tails are critical regulators of nucleosome dynamics, biological processes, and certain diseases. Here, we report all-atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the nucleosome to demonstrate that acetylation of the histone tails changes their conformational space and interaction with DNA. We perform simulations of H2B tails, critical regulators of gene regulation, in both the lysine-acetylated (ACK) and unacetylated wild type (WT) states. To explore the effects of salt concentration, we use two different NaCl concentrations to perform simulations at microsecond time scales. Salt can modulate the effects of electrostatic interactions between the DNA phosphate backbone and histone tails. Upon acetylation, H2B tails shift their secondary structure helical propensity. The number of contacts between the DNA and the H2B tail decreases. We characterize the conformational dynamics of the H2B tails by principal component analysis (PCA). The ACK tails become more compact at increased salt concentrations, but conformations from the WT tails display the most contacts with DNA at both salt concentrations. Mainly, H2B acetylation may increase the DNA accessibility for regulatory proteins to bind, which can aid in gene regulation and NCP stability.

关键词： Genetics Monomers Show More

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