作者：
O'Neil, LibbyYale Univ
PhD Candidate Program Hist Sci & Med 333 Cedar St New Haven CT 06510 USA
This article analyzes the approach to systems theory promoted by Ludwig von Bertalanffy and Kenneth Boulding during their time at the Ford Foundation's Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences (CASBS) ...
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This article analyzes the approach to systems theory promoted by Ludwig von Bertalanffy and Kenneth Boulding during their time at the Ford Foundation's Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences (CASBS) in 1954-5 and in the pages of the 1956 General Systems Yearbook. At the Ford Foundation's Center, social scientists engaged in interdisciplinary research on 'problems of organization' that encouraged them to develop theoretical tools that scaled between organisms, institutions, and social organizations. Bertalanffy and Boulding were able to gain financial support from the Center for their 'general system(s) theory' that promised to solve these 'problems of organization' while unifying the social sciences in the service of the Foundation's philanthropic mission. Systems thinkers at the Center founded the Society for General Systems Research, an important professional organization for systems theory in the coming decades. In the Society's General Systems Yearbook, Bertalanffy and Boulding debated the meaning and underlying politics of thinking in systems in language shaped by their time at CASBS. By attending to this instantiation of systems thinking in its institutional and social context, this article attempts to tell a history of system without accepting the universalizing aspirations of its historical subject.
Fluorescent small-molecules capable of altering their profiles in response to environmental changes are exceptionally valuable tool compounds throughout the scientific community. The following manuscriipt describes a ...
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Fluorescent small-molecules capable of altering their profiles in response to environmental changes are exceptionally valuable tool compounds throughout the scientific community. The following manuscriipt describes a new class of fluorescent small molecules based on lactam-fused tropolones that are responsive to a dynamic range of environmental changes. These molecules can be easily obtained through a rapid annulation procedure between appropriately functionalized tropolones and primary amines, which is often complete within minutes at room temperature. Molecules generated through this approach have been identified with fluoresence emission across the visible light spectra, and can be tuned based on either the tropolone or amine component. They are also highly responsive to changes in solvent, pH, and certain divalent metal ions. Tropolone-fused lactams thus represent a new class of tunable fluorescent small molecules that could find value throughout the scientific community. Lactam-fused tropolones are easily accessible, environmentally-responsive fluorophores with broad emissions profiles.
Recent studies have revealed that tropolone-amide aryl C-C-(O) rotational barriers are dramatically higher than those of analogous benzamide-based systems, and as a result, they have an increased likelihood of display...
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Recent studies have revealed that tropolone-amide aryl C-C-(O) rotational barriers are dramatically higher than those of analogous benzamide-based systems, and as a result, they have an increased likelihood of displaying high configurational stability. Studies on other tropolone-based chiral axes are important to assess the generality of this phenomenon. Herein, we describe a series of studies on the rotational barriers of tropolone-ketone, tropolone-ester, and tropolone-aldehyde chiral axes. These studies are complemented with computational modeling of the dynamics of these and analogous benzenoid variants to illuminate the impact that tropolone may have on aryl-C-(O) configurational stability.
A general mathematical description of how the brain sequentially encodes knowledge remains elusive. We propose a linear solution for serial learning tasks, based on the concept of mixed selectivity in high-dimensional...
A general mathematical description of how the brain sequentially encodes knowledge remains elusive. We propose a linear solution for serial learning tasks, based on the concept of mixed selectivity in high-dimensional neural state spaces. In our framework, neural representations of items in a sequence are projected along a "geometric" mental line learned through classical conditioning. The model successfully solves serial position tasks and explains behaviors observed in humans and animals during transitive inference tasks amidst noisy sensory input and stochastic neural activity. This approach extends to recurrent neural networks performing motor decision tasks, where the same geometric mental line correlates with motor plans and modulates network activity according to the symbolic distance between items. Serial ordering is thus predicted to emerge as a monotonic mapping between sensory input and behavioral output, highlighting a possible pivotal role for motor-related associative cortices in transitive inference tasks. How the brain sequentially encodes knowledge is not fully understood. Here authors propose a geometric framework for the elusive neural principles of serial reasoning and sequence encoding. Neural representations are theorized to align along a learned mental line, solving serial position and transitive inference tasks.
While the literature on esports is growing exponentially, little work has been undertaken into understanding the reasons that lead viewers to buy sponsored products and demonstrate engaged and loyal behaviours towards...
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While the literature on esports is growing exponentially, little work has been undertaken into understanding the reasons that lead viewers to buy sponsored products and demonstrate engaged and loyal behaviours towards players and brands. Based on social identity theory, this work explores the effects of viewers identification with players/teams and viewer communities on their purchase intentions, behavioural engagement and behavioural loyalty. Based on responses made by 396 esports viewers, a theoretical model is validated using PLS-SEM. The results indicate that viewers' identification with esports players/teams influences their identification with communities, which affects three viewer behaviours: intention to buy sponsoring brands, behavioural engagement and behavioural loyalty towards the player and/or team. Viewers' identification with the community mediates the effects of their identification with players and teams. This is among the first studies to use social identity theory to explain the behaviours of esports' viewers towards esports, players, teams and sponsoring brand.
Transit agencies in the US have shown great interests in the possibility of incorporating on-demand shared mobility modes into their fixed-route transit services. However, the cost-effectiveness of on-demand modes has...
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Transit agencies in the US have shown great interests in the possibility of incorporating on-demand shared mobility modes into their fixed-route transit services. However, the cost-effectiveness of on-demand modes has not been clearly demonstrated, and there lacks an effective method for transit agencies to compare the costs of different service provision options. This study develops an economic-theory-based framework that appropriately conceptualizes the total economic cost of incorporating on-demand modes into transit. Based on the theoretical framework, a simulation model is built to operationalize an approach for evaluating the cost-effectiveness of transit-supplementing, on-demand mobility services. We demonstrate the applicability of this approach using Via to Transit program in the Seattle region. By accounting for both the service provider's cost and the users' cost, we obtain a more complete and accurate measure for the cost advantages of the on-demand modes in this case in comparison to expanding fixed-route transit, where the total economic cost for the on-demand mode is 22% lower than the fixed route transit. The theoretical framework and the simulation model can support the decisionmaking of public transit agencies as they explore incorporating mobility on demand to supplement traditional transit.
Biomolecular condensates have emerged as a powerful new paradigm in cell biology with broad implications to human health and disease, particularly in the nucleus where phase separation is thought to underly elements o...
Biomolecular condensates have emerged as a powerful new paradigm in cell biology with broad implications to human health and disease, particularly in the nucleus where phase separation is thought to underly elements of chromatin organization and regulation. Specifically, it has been recently reported that phase separation of heterochromatin protein 1alpha (HP1 a ) with DNA contributes to the formation of condensed chromatin states. HP1 a localization to heterochromatic regions is mediated by its binding to specific repressive marks on the tail of histone H3, such as trimethylated lysine 9 on histone H3 (H3K9me3). However, whether epigenetic marks play an active role in modulating the material properties of HP1 a and dictating emergent functions of its condensates remains to be understood. Here, we leverage a reductionist system, composed of modified and unmodified histone H3 peptides, HP1 a , and DNA, to examine the contribution of specific epigenetic marks to phase behavior of HP1 a . We show that the presence of histone peptides bearing the repressive H3K9me3 is compatible with HP1 a condensates, whereas peptides containing unmodified residues or bearing the transcriptional activation mark H3K4me3 are incompatible with HP1 a phase separation. Using fluorescence microscopy and rheological approaches, we further demonstrate that H3K9me3 histone peptides modulate the dynamics and viscoelastic network properties of HP1 a condensates in a concentration -dependent manner. Additionally, in cells exposed to uniaxial strain, we find there to be a decreased ratio of nuclear H3K9me3 to HP1 a . These data suggest that HP1 a -DNA condensates are viscoelastic materials, whose properties may provide an explanation for the dynamic behavior of heterochromatin in cells and in response to mechanostimulation.
In this work, we propose a Navier-Stokes-Informed Neural Network (NSINN) as a surrogate approach to predict the localized flow behavior of cementitious materials for advancing 3D additive construction technology to ga...
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In this work, we propose a Navier-Stokes-Informed Neural Network (NSINN) as a surrogate approach to predict the localized flow behavior of cementitious materials for advancing 3D additive construction technology to gain fundamental insights into multiscale mechanisms of cement paste rheology. NS equations are embedded into the NSINN to interpret the flow pattern in the 3D printing barrel. The results show that the presented NSINN has a higher accuracy compared to a traditional artificial neural network (ANN) as the Mean Square Errors (MSEs) of the u, v, and p predicted by NSINN are 1.25x10-4, 1.85x10-5, and 3.91x10-3, respectively. Compared to the ANN, the MSE of the predictions are 5.88x10-2, 4.17x10-3, and 1.72x10-2, respectively. Moreover, the mean prediction time used in the NSINN, the ANN, and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) are 0.039 s, 0.014 s, and 3.37 s, respectively. That means the method is more computationally efficient at performing simulations compared to CFD which is mesh-based. The NSINN is also utilized in studying the relationship between geometry and extrudability. The ratio (R = 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75) between the diameter of the outlet and that of the domain is studied. It shows that a larger ratio (R = 0.75) can lead to better extrudability of the 3D concrete printing (3DCP).
Highlights What are the main findings? The study identified the structural elements of social representations of cultured meat, categorizing them into central core and peripheral schemes. Omnivores and vegetarians/veg...
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Highlights What are the main findings? The study identified the structural elements of social representations of cultured meat, categorizing them into central core and peripheral schemes. Omnivores and vegetarians/vegans demonstrated differing representations and attitudes toward cultured meat, influenced by their dietary choices and beliefs. The research highlighted the role of cognitive processes and sensory perceptions in shaping opinions and willingness to consume cultured meat. What is the implication of the main finding? The findings emphasize the importance of promoting balanced public discussions and informed policymaking regarding cultured meat to increase its societal acceptance. Differentiated outreach strategies may be needed to address the distinct concerns and preferences of omnivores versus vegetarians/vegans. Insights into sensory and cognitive anchors can guide the development and marketing of cultured meat to align more closely with consumer expectations. Considering socio-cultural variables and symbolic meanings associated with food is critical for the successful integration of novel food technologies into diverse *** What are the main findings? The study identified the structural elements of social representations of cultured meat, categorizing them into central core and peripheral schemes. Omnivores and vegetarians/vegans demonstrated differing representations and attitudes toward cultured meat, influenced by their dietary choices and beliefs. The research highlighted the role of cognitive processes and sensory perceptions in shaping opinions and willingness to consume cultured meat. What is the implication of the main finding? The findings emphasize the importance of promoting balanced public discussions and informed policymaking regarding cultured meat to increase its societal acceptance. Differentiated outreach strategies may be needed to address the distinct concerns and preferences of omnivores versus vegetarians/vegans.
Shipping in the Canadian Arctic has a long history, encompassing diverse maritime pursuits, ranging from traditional Inuit subsistence practices to European exploratory expeditions, whaling, and fur trading. The escal...
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Shipping in the Canadian Arctic has a long history, encompassing diverse maritime pursuits, ranging from traditional Inuit subsistence practices to European exploratory expeditions, whaling, and fur trading. The escalating impacts of climate change in the Canadian Arctic have created ample opportunities for Arctic shipping activities related to fishing, cruise tourism, resource (mineral) transportation, research, and government services. Nowadays, the necessity of developing a sustainable economy, the need for environmental protection, and the imperative of reconciliation with Indigenous Peoples present considerable challenges for the Canadian government in regulating Arctic shipping. To comprehend the contemporary issues of Arctic shipping governance, this paper conducts an overview of the history of Arctic shipping activities in Canada and reviews Canada's diverse policies and laws that have been instituted to govern Arctic shipping. Drawing upon the analysis of these policies, the article advocates for a collaborative governance framework to cope with the multifaceted challenges confronting the governance of Arctic shipping in Canada. Such a framework ought to prioritize enhancing cooperation, integrating unilateral and multilateral policies and laws, respecting the rights of Indigenous Peoples, and involving Inuit in Arctic shipping governance.
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