The identification and interpretation of metaphor is useful to hermeneutic research. Metaphor is a way of conceiving one concept in terms of another and serves as a function of understanding. The author explores the r...
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The identification and interpretation of metaphor is useful to hermeneutic research. Metaphor is a way of conceiving one concept in terms of another and serves as a function of understanding. The author explores the rise of hermeneutics research and its relevance to nurse artsciencing. Metaphors are a creative strategy hermeneutic researchers can use to analyze and interpret data, and serve as a powerful strategy to represent complex realities, illuminate unnoticed aspects of a phenomenon, and provide depth of meaning to the understanding of human experiences.
Migration of endothelial and many other cells requires spatiotemporal regulation of protrusive and contractile cytoskeletal rearrangements that drive local cell shape changes. Unexpectedly, the small GTPase Rho, a cru...
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Migration of endothelial and many other cells requires spatiotemporal regulation of protrusive and contractile cytoskeletal rearrangements that drive local cell shape changes. Unexpectedly, the small GTPase Rho, a crucial regulator of cell movement, has been reported to be active in both local cell protrusions and retractions, raising the question of how Rho activity can coordinate cell migration. Here, we show that Rho activity is absent in local protrusions and active during retractions. During retractions, Rho rapidly activated ezrin-radixin-moesin proteins (ERMs) to increase actin-membrane attachment, and, with a delay, nonmuscle myosin 2 (NM2). Rho activity was excitable, with NM2 acting as a slow negative feedback regulator. Strikingly, inhibition of SLK/LOK kinases, through which Rho activates ERMs, caused elongated cell morphologies, impaired Rho-induced cell contractions, and reverted Rho-induced blebbing. Together, our study demonstrates that Rho activity drives retractions by sequentially enhancing ERM-mediated actin-membrane attachment for force transmission and NM2-dependent contractility.
CO2 electroreduction (CO2ER) by using renewableenergyresources is a promising method to mitigate the CO2 levelin the atmosphere as well as produce valuable chemicals. Local environmentat the electrode-electrolyte inte...
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CO2 electroreduction (CO2ER) by using renewableenergyresources is a promising method to mitigate the CO2 levelin the atmosphere as well as produce valuable chemicals. Local environmentat the electrode-electrolyte interface plays a key role inCO2ER activity and selectivity along with its competing hydrogen evolutionreaction (HER). In addition to the catalyst and reactor design, electrolytealso has a significant impact on the interface. Herein, electrolyteadditives were used to modify the local environment around the Cucatalyst during CO2ER. For this purpose, 10 mM ionic additives withbis-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)-imide ([NTF2](-)) and dicyanamide ([DCA](-)) as anions and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium([BMIM](+)), potassium (K+), or sodium (Na+) as cations have been added to an aqueous potassium bicarbonatesolution (0.1 M KHCO3). COMSOL Multiphysics was also usedto calculate the local pH and CO2 concentration at theelectrode-electrolyte interface in different *** showed that the local environment modifications by the electrolyteadditives altered the activity and selectivity of Cu in CO2ER. Itwas found that the CO2ER activity at -0.92 V was enhanced whenusing anions with high CO2 affinity and high hydrophobicity,such as [NTF2](-). Among [NTF2](-)-based additives, [BMIM]-[NTF2] hada higher faradaic efficiency (FE) for formate (38.7%) compared toK-[NTF2] (23.2%) and Na-[NTF2] (18.5%) at -0.92V likely due to the presence of imidazolium cations that can furtherstabilize the intermediates on the surface and enhance CO2ER. Electrolytescontaining [DCA](-)-based additives with high hydrophilicityand low CO2 affinity had a very high HER selectivity (>90%FEH2) and low CO2ER selectivity regardless of the cationnature. This observation is attributed to the presence of hydrophilic[BMIM]-[DCA] in the vicinity of the catalyst, which impacts the microenvironmentaround the catalyst. We observed that [DCA](-) anionshave a high affinity to adsorb on Cu catalysts as soon as
Cilagicin is a dual polyprenyl phosphate binding lipodepsipeptide antibiotic with strong activity against clinically relevant Gram-positive pathogens while evading antibiotic resistance. Cilagicin showed high serum bi...
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Cilagicin is a dual polyprenyl phosphate binding lipodepsipeptide antibiotic with strong activity against clinically relevant Gram-positive pathogens while evading antibiotic resistance. Cilagicin showed high serum binding that reduced its in vivo efficacy. Cilagicin-BP, which contains a biphenyl moiety in place of the N-terminal myristic acid found on cilagicin, showed reduced serum binding and increased in vivo efficacy but decreased potency against some pathogens. Here, we manipulated the acyl tail and the peptide core of cilagicin to identify an optimized collection of structural features that maintain potent antibiotic activity against a wide range of pathogens in the presence of serum. This led to the identification of the optimized antibiotic dodecacilagicin, which contains an N-terminal dodecanoic acid. Dodecacilagicin exhibits low MICs against clinically relevant pathogens in the presence of serum, retains polyprenyl phosphate binding, and evades resistance development even after long-term antibiotic exposure, making dodecacilagicin an appealing candidate for further therapeutic development.
Scholars interested in substantive representation for women have primarily focused on whether women vote for and prioritize "women's issue" legislation. It is now well established that female lawmakers d...
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Scholars interested in substantive representation for women have primarily focused on whether women vote for and prioritize "women's issue" legislation. It is now well established that female lawmakers do vote for and introduce bills on issues like reproductive rights, childcare, and women's health at rates higher than men. With this finding widely accepted, scholars have more recently investigated levels of female involvement on a wider range of topics and find that women are just as active as men-sometimes even more active-on an array of policy topics other than "women's issues." Several studies show women are more active sponsors of defense-related bills than are their male colleagues. We provide a case study that investigates whether female lawmakers offer distinct perspectives on these topics. We use structural topic modeling to explore sex and party differences in floor speeches delivered in the House of Representatives. Our analysis of these floor speeches given in the 109th Congress reveals that women and men do focus their attention on distinct facets of defense issues-focusing on the implications of war for women, civilians, and communities-and that these differences are conditioned by party.
Autonomous vehicles (AV) promise a reduction in the number of deadly traffic accidents. However, should accidents occur, attributions of responsibility are complicated by the fact that there is a human agent (driver) ...
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Autonomous vehicles (AV) promise a reduction in the number of deadly traffic accidents. However, should accidents occur, attributions of responsibility are complicated by the fact that there is a human agent (driver) and a non-human agent (AV), and thus responsibility is likely shared between parties. In two studies, participants (n = 310 and n = 260) read a vignette modeled after an actual lethal AV accident. Across four experimental conditions, participants were told that the human driver either needed to maintain oversight of the AV;did not need to maintain oversight of the AV;did not specify whether the human needed to maintain oversight of the AV;or the artificial intelligence was turned off and the human driver was fully in control. Participants assigned responsibility to the human driver, the AV company, the pedestrian, and an act of God, and determined whether the human driver and company CEO should be held criminally responsible in court. Consistent with previous research, the human driver was held most responsible regardless of oversight condition. However, companies were not absolved of responsibility, even when they required the human driver to maintain oversight of the AV. Implications of these findings for the introduction and legal regulation of AVs are discussed.
Brain cancers are some of the most complex diseases to treat, despite the numerous advances science has made in cancer chemotherapy and research. One of the key obstacles to identifying potential cures for this diseas...
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Brain cancers are some of the most complex diseases to treat, despite the numerous advances science has made in cancer chemotherapy and research. One of the key obstacles to identifying potential cures for this disease is the difficulty in emulating the complexity of the brain and the surrounding microenvironment to understand potential therapeutic approaches. This paper discusses some of the most important in vitro, in vivo, and microfluidic brain tumor models that aim to address these challenges.
Observing coal mining and reclamation activities using remote sensing avoids the need for physical site visits, which is important for environmental and land management. This study utilizes deep learning techniques wi...
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Observing coal mining and reclamation activities using remote sensing avoids the need for physical site visits, which is important for environmental and land management. This study utilizes deep learning techniques with a U-Net and ResNet architecture to analyze Sentinel imagery in order to track changes in coal mining and reclamation over time in Tapin Regency, Kalimantan, Indonesia. After gathering Sentinel 1 and 2 satellite imagery of Kalimantan Island, manually label coal mining areas are used to train a deep learning model. These labelled areas included open cuts, tailings dams, waste rock dumps, and water ponds associated with coal mining. Applying the deep learning model to multitemporal Sentinel 1 and 2 imagery allowed us to track the annual changes in coal mining areas from 2016 to 2021, while identifying reclamation sites where former coal mines had been restored to non-coal-mining use. An accuracy assessment resulted in an overall accuracy of 97.4%, with a Kappa value of 0.91, through a confusion matrix analysis. The results indicate that the reclamation effort increased more than twice in 2020 compared with previous years' reclamation. This phenomenon was mainly affected by the massive increase in coal mining areas by over 40% in 2019. The proposed method provides a practical solution for detecting and monitoring open-pit coal mines while leveraging freely available data for consistent long-term observation. The primary limitation of this approach lies in the use of medium-resolution satellite imagery, which may result in lower precision compared to direct field measurements;however, the ability to integrate historical data with consistent temporal coverage makes it a viable alternative for large-scale and long-term monitoring.
In hospitality education, it is important to cultivate students' professional skills in reducing food waste for culinary professionalism and sustainable societal development. This study aims to explore the differe...
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In hospitality education, it is important to cultivate students' professional skills in reducing food waste for culinary professionalism and sustainable societal development. This study aims to explore the differences between hospitality students in Shanghai and Taipei in terms of their professional competencies in avoiding food waste, as well as the curriculum design of hospitality education. This study conducted questionnaire survey and analyzed the results by the importance-performance analysis, in order to explore the relationship between professional competencies and culinary course training. The results indicate that the students in Shanghai and Taipei differed in self-assessed personal moral attitudes, food handling attitudes, menu analysis, and planning management skills.
The rapid advancement in soft robotics over the past decade has driven innovation across the industrial, medical, and agricultural sectors. Among various soft robotic designs, Fin Ray-inspired soft grippers have demon...
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The rapid advancement in soft robotics over the past decade has driven innovation across the industrial, medical, and agricultural sectors. Among various soft robotic designs, Fin Ray-inspired soft grippers have demonstrated remarkable adaptability and efficiency in handling delicate objects. However, the integration of force sensors in soft grippers remains a significant challenge, as conventional rigid sensors compromise the inherent flexibility and compliance of soft robotic systems. This study presents a parallel soft gripper based on the Fin Ray effect, incorporating an embedded mechano-optical force sensor capable of providing linear force measurements up to 150 N. The gripper is entirely 3D printed using thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs), ensuring a cost-effective, scalable, and versatile design. The proposed sensor architecture leverages a gyroid lattice structure, yielding a near-linear response with an R2 value of 0.96 across two force regions. This study contributes to the development of sensorized soft grippers with improved force-sensing capabilities while preserving the advantages of soft robotic manipulators.
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