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Decomposing the Intraurban Malnutrition Gap Between Poor and Non-poor Children in Colombia Decomposing the Intraurban Malnutrition Gap Between Poor and Non-poor Children in Colombia

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JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE 2023年第1期100卷 63-75页

作者： Romero, Gustavo Cardenas, Ernesto Osorio, Ana Maria Univ Murcia PhD Program Econ DEcIDE Int Doctorate Sch EIDUM Murcia Spain Sergio Arboleda Univ Sch Econ Bogota Colombia Pontificia Univ Javeriana Cali Colombia

In Colombia, although it can be said that, on average children living in urban areas have better quality of life than their rural peers, it is also true that within cities, there are high levels of socioeconomic inequality. Our objective is to identify the contribution of the factors that explain the gap in stunting and excess weight between poor and non-poor children under 5 years of age in urban areas of Colombia. We use data from the 2015 National Nutritional Status Survey, and two nonlinear decomposition techniques based on the classical decomposition method developed by Blinder-Oaxaca. With a sample of 6877 observations, the results show that the intraurban gap of stunting between poor and non-poor children in urban areas is 4.8 percentage points. Its main determinants are the mother's educational level (46.5%), affiliation to the health system by the mother (19.4%), and assisted delivery in a medical institution (16.6%). For excess weight, the gap is - 2.1 percentage points, and its main determinants are the mother's educational level (39.2%) and birth attended by a physician (21.8%). This study suggests the coexistence of a double burden of malnutrition (DBM) in children under 5 years of age living in urban areas of Colombia. Stunting is associated with low-income levels while excess weight is associated with higher income levels. The identification of the main determinants of DBM and its relative importance, constitutes a contribution for public policy makers aimed at reducing socioeconomic gaps.

关键词： Child malnutrition Stunting Excess weight Intraurban gap Poor Non-poor Colombia

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Does Leptin and Insulin Levels Influence Pain and Disability in Subjects With Frozen Shoulder? A Cross-Sectional Study

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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PAIN 2025年第4期29卷 e70007页

作者： Perez-Montilla, Jose Javier Guzman-Garcia, Rafael Pruimboom, Leo Navarro-Ledesma, Santiago Univ Granada Fac Hlth Sci Clin Med & Publ Hlth PhD Program Granada Spain Univ Granada Chair Clin Psychoneuroimmunol Melilla Spain Univ Granada Fac Hlth Sci Dept Physiotherapy Campus Melilla Melilla Spain

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between leptin levels, insulin resistance (measured by HOMA), and clinical outcomes related to pain, disability, and shoulder range of motion (ROM) in patients with frozen shoulder (FS).MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 34 patients diagnosed with FS. Leptin and HOMA levels were measured and analysed in relation to pain and disability scores, as assessed by the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), along with shoulder ROM (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and internal/external rotation). Linear regression models were used to evaluate associations between leptin, HOMA, and clinical outcomes, adjusting for potential confounders such as age and *** leptin levels were significantly associated with increased SPADI pain (R2 = 0.114, beta = 0.397, p = 0.005) and disability scores (R2 = 0.110, beta = 0.425, p = 0.006), as well as an inverse association with shoulder flexion (R2 = 0.074, beta = -1.088, p = 0.025), indicating reduced ROM with higher leptin levels. Similarly, higher HOMA levels were associated with increased SPADI pain (R2 = 0.096, beta = 1.078, p = 0.010) and disability scores (R2 = 0.081, beta = 1.517, p = 0.017), as well as combined SPADI scores (R2 = 0.089, beta = 2.595, p = 0.014). HOMA also showed a significant inverse relationship with shoulder flexion (R2 = 0.061, beta = -2.097, p = 0.028), suggesting that insulin resistance may contribute to ROM *** leptin and insulin resistance levels were linked to greater pain, disability, and decreased ROM in patients with FS. These findings underscore the potential role of metabolic and inflammatory pathways in FS pathogenesis and highlight the importance of considering lifestyle interventions targeting leptin and insulin regulation as adjuncts to traditional management strategies for this *** StatementElevated levels of leptin and HOMA (insulin resistance) are significantly associated with

关键词： disability frozen shoulder inflammation insulin resistance leptin shoulder pain

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Probucol treatment after traumatic brain injury activates BDNF/TrkB pathway, promotes neuroregeneration and ameliorates functional deficits in mice

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BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023年第20期180卷 2605-2622页

作者： Chen, Chen-Mei Gung, Pei-Yu Ho, Yen-Chun Hamdin, Candra D. D. Yet, Shaw-Fang Natl Hlth Res Inst Inst Cellular & Syst Med Zhunan 35053 Taiwan Oklahoma Med Res Fdn Cardiovasc Biol Program Oklahoma City OK USA Natl Cent Univ Natl Hlth Res Inst Joint PhD Program Biomed Taoyuan City Taiwan Natl Cent Univ Dept Life Sci Joint PhD Program Biomed Taoyuan City Taiwan China Med Univ Grad Inst Biomed Sci Taichung Taiwan China Med Univ Grad Inst Biomed Sci Taichung Taiwan

Background and PurposeTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, yet pharmacotherapies for TBI are currently lacking. Neuroregeneration is important in brain repair and functional recovery. In this study, probucol, a cholesterol-lowering drug with established safety profiles, was examined for its therapeutic effects and neuroregenerative actions in TBI. Experimental ApproachMale mice were subjected to the controlled cortical impact model of TBI, followed by daily administration of probucol. Neurological and cognitive functions were evaluated. Histological analyses of the neocortex and hippocampus were performed to detect the lesion, dendritic degeneration (microtubule-associated protein 2), synaptic density (synaptophysin), neurogenesis (doublecortin), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) activation. Involvement of BDNF/TrkB pathway in probucol-mediated effects was examined in primary cultures of cortical neurons. Key ResultsProbucol reduced brain lesion volume, enhanced the recovery of body symmetry, improved motor function and attenuated memory dysfunction after TBI. Meanwhile, probucol promoted post-injury dendritic growth and synaptogenesis and increased hippocampal proliferating neuronal progenitor cells, along with the formation as well as the survival of newborn neurons. Moreover, probucol enhances BDNF expression and TrkB activation. In vitro, probucol promoted neurite outgrowth, which was inhibited by a selective TrkB antagonist ANA-12. Conclusions and ImplicationsProbucol enhanced functional restoration and ameliorated cognitive impairment after TBI by promoting post-injury neuronal remodelling and neurogenesis. Increased activation of BDNF/TrkB pathway by probucol, at least in part, contributed to the neuroregenerative effects of probucol. Together, it may be promising to repurpose probucol for TBI.

关键词： BDNF brain regeneration memory neurogenesis neuroplasticity probucol traumatic brain injury

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Fine-tuning chemical genetics to identify physiologic drug targets

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CELL CHEMICAL BIOLOGY 2023年第11期30卷 1331-1333页

作者： Vostal, Lauren E. Kapoor, Tarun M. Rockefeller Univ Lab Chem & Cell Biol New York NY 10065 USA Triinst PhD Program Chem Biol New York NY USA

Genetics-based approaches can enable drug target identification in human cells. In this issue of Cell Chem-ical Biology, Nguyen et al.1 use inducible degradation of a mismatch repair protein to tune the mutation rate in HCT116 cells, thereby increasing sensitivity and selectivity in identifying resistance-conferring mutations for several cytotoxic small molecules.

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Synergistic effect of silicon availability and salinity on metal adsorption in a common estuarine diatom

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第2期148卷 364-374页

作者： Fengyuan Chen Jie Ma Ke Pan SZU-HKUST Joint PhD Program in Marine Environmental Science Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering Institute for Advanced StudyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Department of Ocean Science The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong 999077China

Increasing nitrogen and phosphorus discharge and decreasing sediment input have made silicon(Si)a limiting element for diatoms in *** in nutrient structure and salinity fluctuation can greatly affect metal uptake by estuarine ***,the combined effects of Si and salinity on metal accumulation in these diatoms have not been *** this study,we aimed to investigate how salinity and Si availability combine to influence the adsorption of metals by a widely distributed diatom Phaeodactylum *** data indicate that replete Si and low salinity in seawater can enhance cadmium and copper adsorption onto the diatom *** the single-cell level,surface potential was a dominant factor determining metal adsorption,while surface roughness also contributed to the highermetal loading capacity at lower *** a combination of noninvasive micro-test technology,atomic force microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,we demonstrate that the diversity and abundance of the functional groups embedded in diatom cell walls vary with salinity and Si *** results in a change in the cell surface potential and transient metal *** study provides novel mechanisms to explain the highly variable metal adsorption capacity of a model estuarine diatom.

关键词： Diatom Metal adsorption Silicon Salinity Functional group Surface potential

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Structural insight into the catalytic mechanism of the bifunctional enzyme L-fucokinase/GDP-fucose pyrophosphorylase

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JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 2025年第4期301卷 108344页

作者： Lin, Sheng-Wei Ko, Tzu-Ping Chiang, Hung-Yu Wu, Cheng-Guo Hsu, Min-Feng Wang, Andrew H. -J Lin, Chun-Hung Acad Sinica Inst Biol Chem Taipei Taiwan Natl Taiwan Univ Inst Biochem Sci Taipei Taiwan Taipei Med Univ Coll Med Sci & Technol PhD Program Translat Med Taipei Taiwan Natl Taiwan Univ Dept Chem Taipei Taiwan

The bifunctional L-fucokinase/GDP-(3-L-fucose pyrophosphorylase (FKP) from Bacteroides fragilis catalyzes the conversion from L-fucose to GDP-(3-L-fucose. The reaction product, representing the activated form of L-fucose, is used by all L-fucosyltransferases to incorporate L-fucose. Herein, we report the first X-ray crystal structures of FKP in complex with substrate-product, leading to the dissection of both activity domains and corresponding catalytic mechanisms. The fulllength FKP (FKP-FL, 949 amino acids) exists as a tetramer in solution, but the individually prepared N-terminal domain (FKP-NTD corresponding to the sequence 1-496, also containing a SUMO tag) and C-terminal domain (FKP-CTD, the sequence 519-949) form a monomer and a dimer, respectively. FKP-NTD has a single oc/(3 domain and a (3-helix-containing domain, whereas FKP-CTD folds into two oc/(3 domains and the linker comprises three oc-helices. The (3-L-fucose-1- phosphate (fucose-1-P) and GTP bound separately to the active sites of fucokinase (located at FKP-CTD) and pyrophosphorylase (FKP-NTD), and a third nucleotide-binding site is adjacent to the (3-helix (also in FKP-NTD). Furthermore, Asp762 was proposed to serve as the general base in the reaction of fucokinase, to deprotonate the C1-OH of fucose in the nucleophilic attack to y-phosphate of ATP, resulting in the formation of fucose-1-P. At the same time, Arg592 and magnesium ion stabilize the developing negative charge in the leaving group (ADP). Subsequently, in the pyrophosphorylasecatalyzed reaction, the Lys187 side chain facilitates the nucleophilic attack of fucose-1-P toward GTP, leading to the formation of GDP-fucose.

关键词： bifunctional carbohydrate biosynthesis enzyme mechanism GDP-fucose pyrophosphorylase glycobiology -fucokinase protein structure X-ray crystallography

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Developing a Canadian artificial intelligence medical curriculum using a Delphi study

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NPJ DIGITAL MEDICINE 2024年第1期7卷 1-10页

作者： Singla, Rohit Pupic, Nikola Ghaffarizadeh, Seyed-Aryan Kim, Caroline Hu, Ricky Forster, Bruce B. Hacihaliloglu, Ilker Univ British Columbia Fac Med MD PhD Program Vancouver BC Canada Univ British Columbia Sch Biomed Engn Vancouver BC Canada Univ British Columbia Fac Med MD Undergrad Program Vancouver BC Canada Univ British Columbia Dept Med Vancouver BC Canada Univ British Columbia Dept Radiol Vancouver BC Canada

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) education into medical curricula is critical for preparing future healthcare professionals. This research employed the Delphi method to establish an expert-based AI curriculum for Canadian undergraduate medical students. A panel of 18 experts in health and AI across Canada participated in three rounds of surveys to determine essential AI learning competencies. The study identified key curricular components across ethics, law, theory, application, communication, collaboration, and quality improvement. The findings demonstrate substantial support among medical educators and professionals for the inclusion of comprehensive AI education, with 82 out of 107 curricular competencies being deemed essential to address both clinical and educational priorities. It additionally provides suggestions on methods to integrate these competencies within existing dense medical curricula. The endorsed set of objectives aims to enhance AI literacy and application skills among medical students, equipping them to effectively utilize AI technologies in future healthcare settings.

关键词： Medical education

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Ensuring equitable transportation for the disadvantaged: Paratransit usage by persons with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic

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TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART A-POLICY AND PRACTICE 2022年 159卷 84-95页

作者： Wang, Yiyuan Shen, Qing Abu Ashour, Lamis Dannenberg, Andrew L. Univ Washington Interdisciplinary PhD Program Urban Design & Plan Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Dept Urban Design & Planning Director Interdisciplinary PhD Program Urban Design & Plan Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Dept Urban Design & Planning Seattle WA 98195 USA

Paratransit services developed under the Americans with Disabilities Act are a critical transportation means for persons with disabilities to meet their basic needs, but the COVID-19 pandemic posed an unprecedented challenge to service providers. To safeguard transportation equity, this study used complete records of service trips and riders obtained from the Access Transportation program in the Seattle region for an empirical analysis aimed at answering two research questions. First, how did the ridership and trip purposes of paratransit change after the outbreak of COVID-19? Second, what factors explained the users' changing levels of service usage in response to the pandemic? Statistical methods, including a Hurdle model, were employed as the analytical tools. The results show that paratransit ridership dramatically decreased during 2020 with the most substantial reductions of working and non-essential personal trips, and that most of the remaining trips were for medical purposes. The results also indicate that riders' service usage during the pandemic was associated with their sociodemographic characteristics, disability conditions, and pre-pandemic travel demand. When controlling for other factors, riders who lived in neighborhoods with lower income and lower access to personal vehicles were more dependent on the service. Based on the empirical findings, we recommend that when developing plans for future disruptive events, public transit agencies should promptly implement safety measures, identify and prioritize neighborhoods that are most in need of mobility services, and actively pursue collaboration with other organizations for innovative service delivery options.

关键词： COVID-19 pandemic Transportation equity People with disabilities Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Paratransit Hurdle model

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Sensitized Photooxidation of Ortho-Prenyl Phenol: Biomimetic Dihydrobenzofuran Synthesis and Total ¹O2 Quenching^†

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PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2023年第2期99卷 637-641页

作者： Jabeen, Shakeela Ghosh, Goutam Lapoot, Lloyd Durantini, Andres M. Greer, Alexander CUNY Brooklyn Coll Dept Chem Brooklyn NY 11210 USA CUNY Grad Ctr PhD Program Chem 365 Fifth Ave New York NY 10016 USA CUNY Grad Ctr PhD Program Biochem New York NY 10016 USA Univ Nacl Rio Cuarto Fac Ciencias Exactas Fis Quim & Nat Dept Quim IDAS CONICET Cordoba Argentina

The sensitized photooxidation of ortho-prenyl phenol is described with evidence that solvent aproticity favors the formation of a dihydrobenzofuran [2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran], a moiety commonly found in natural products. Benzene solvent increased the total quenching rate constant (k(T)) of singlet oxygen with prenyl phenol by similar to 10-fold compared to methanol. A mechanism is proposed with preferential addition of singlet oxygen to prenyl site due to hydrogen bonding with the phenol OH group, which causes a divergence away from the singlet oxygen 'ene' reaction toward the dihydrobenzofuran as the major product. The reaction is a mixed photooxidized system since an epoxide arises by a type I sensitized photooxidation.

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Fermentative Methane Production and Microbial Community Analysis Using Deer Manure from Formosan Sambar Deer Farming Area for Velvet Antler Harvesting

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WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION 2024年第7期15卷 3997-4011页

作者： Kriswantoro, Jayen Aris Tseng, Chiung-Hao Chu, Chen-Yeon Feng Chia Univ PhD Program Mech & Aeronaut Engn Taichung Taiwan Feng Chia Univ Masters Program Green Energy Sci & Technol Taichung Taiwan Feng Chia Univ Inst Green Prod Taichung Taiwan Inst Teknol Bandung Sch Life Sci & Technol Bandung Indonesia CNR Inst Atmospher Pollut Res CNR IIA Monterotondo Italy

Velvet antler of the Formosan sambar Querydeer (Cervus unicolor swinhoei), an indigenous subspecies of deer found in the Taiwan region, has become a promising commodity for use in healthy foods and traditional Chinese medicines but the waste from the deer farm becomes one of the main problems. The advanced process of biogas production system using deer manure solving the farm waste problem and creating bioenergy was conducted in this study. Two deer manure samples (dry and wet) were collected from two different velvet antler farms in the deer farming area of central Taiwan. Each deer manure sample was diluted 6 times with tap water. The biogas slurry was used as inoculum with a 1:9 (10% v center dot v-1) volume ratio between the biogas slurry and diluted deer manure. The batch fermentation was tested in a 60 ml glass vial bottle and incubated for 120 days at 37 degrees C with agitation of 120 rpm. The cumulative volume of biogas production, pH, COD, TS, and VS of the influent and effluent were analyzed to examine the fermentation performance. The results showed the wet sample of deer manure that was diluted six times produced the highest methane yield (289.2 +/- 8.9 ml center dot g VSadded-1) with 61.6 +/- 0.09% of the methane produced. The Illumina Next Generation Sequencing used for microbial community analysis showed that the methanogenic Archaean, Methanosaetaceae and Methanobacteriaceae, were enriched and become dominant at the final of the batch fermentation.

关键词： Batch system Biogas Biogas slurry Deer manure Methane

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