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Postsynaptic dopamine D3 receptors selectively modulate μ-opioid receptor-expressing GABAergic inputs onto CA1 pyramidal cells in the rat ventral hippocampus

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JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 2024年第6期132卷 2002-2011页

作者： Brown, Kyle A. Stramiello, Michael Clark, Jason K. Wagner, John J. Univ Georgia Dept Physiol & Pharmacol Athens GA 30602 USA Univ Georgia Interdisciplinary Toxicol Program Athens GA 30602 USA Univ Georgia Neurosci PhD Program Athens GA USA

Although the actions of dopamine throughout the brain are clearly linked to motivation and cognition, the specific role(s) of dopamine in the CA1 subfield of the ventral hippocampus (vH) is unresolved. Prior preclinical studies suggest that dopamine D3 receptors (D(3)Rs) expressed on CA1 pyramidal cells exhibit a unique capacity to modulate mechanisms of long-term synaptic plasticity, but less is known about how interneuronal inputs modulate these cells. We hypothesized that inputs from mu-opioid receptor (MOR)-expressing inhibitory interneurons selectively modulate the activity of postsynaptic D(3)Rs expressed on CA1 principal cells to shape neurotransmission in the rat vH. We used the whole cell voltage-clamp technique to test this hypothesis by measuring evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents (eIPSCs) from CA1 principal cells in vH slices or GABA(A) currents from acutely dissociated vH neurons. The eIPSC response recorded from CA1 neurons in vH slices was inhibited by either the MOR agonist DAMGO or the D3R agonist PD128907, but pretreatment with DAMGO occluded any further inhibition by PD128907. GABAA currents measured in acutely dissociated vH CA1 neurons were inhibited by D3R activation via PD128907, consistent with postsynaptic localization of D3 receptors. Kinetic alterations induced by the neuromodulatory agonists are consistent with selective targeting of postsynaptic D(3)Rs expressed on CA1 principal cells by MOR-expressing GABAergic inputs. Our findings suggest that postsynaptic D3R-mediated modulation of MOR-expressing GABAergic inputs is a site at which dopaminergic and opioidergic activity may contribute to disinhibition of vH excitatory neurotransmission and, thus, influence critical physiological processes such as synaptic plasticity and network oscillations. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We report that the activity of an inhibitory synapse on CA1 pyramidal cells in the rat ventral hippocampus is shaped by heterogeneous neuromodulators. Specifically, postsynapt

关键词： dopamine D-3 receptor interneuron neurogliaform cell ventral hippocampus mu-opioid receptor

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A strategy to what end? "The strategy of model building in population biology" in its programmatic context

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HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF THE LIFE SCIENCES 2024年第4期46卷 1-33页

作者： Hasnes-Beninson, Zvi Tel Aviv Univ Cohn Inst Hist & Philosophy Sci & Ideas Interuniv PhD Program Hist & Philosophy Life Sci Tel Aviv Israel

"The Strategy of Model Building in Population Biology" published by Richard Levins in 1966 has been cited over 2500 times. For a paper concerned with modeling approaches in population biology a surprisingly large part of the attention. The Strategy received comes from history and philosophy of biology, and specifically from accounts on model and model formulation. The Strategy is an unusual paper;it presents neither new data nor a new formal model;at times it reads like a manifesto for some modeling approach, without specifying which broader program that approach intends to support. When these peculiarities of The Strategy are even mentioned, the philosophical literature tends to explain them away by invoking Levins' Marxist commitments. In contrast, I argue that those peculiarities can be explained by examining the programmatic purpose of the paper;starting from his doctoral work, Levins was trying to establish a research program meant to account for the relations between fitness and environment in different terms than the prevalent lock-and-key view. My paper brings that program back to the discussion, explains its relation to competing approaches and examines Levins' approach to modeling in light of that context

关键词： Modeling complex systems Population biology Richard Levins Fundamental and applied science Environmental granularity Natural resource management Heterogenous environment Fitness Model intelligibility

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Permanent tactile sensory loss reduces neuronal activity in the amygdala and ventral hippocampus and alters anxiety-like behaviors

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BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH 2025年 482卷 115456页

作者： Ibarra-Castaneda, Nereida Lopez-Virgen, Veronica Moy-Lopez, Norma Gonzalez-Perez, Oscar Univ Colima Lab Neurociencias Fac Psicol Colima 28040 Mexico Univ Colima Fac Med Med Sci PhD Program Colima 28040 Mexico

Tactile information from the whiskers (vibrissae) travels through the somatosensory cortex to the entorhinal cortex and the hippocampus, influencing development and psychological well-being. The lack of whiskers affects cognitive functions, spatial memory, neuronal firing, spatial mapping, and neurogenesis in the dorsal hippocampus. Recent studies underline the importance of tactile experiences in emotional health, noting that while tactile stimuli modulate the dorsal hippocampus, the effects of tactile deprivation on anxiety-like behaviors and neural activity in regions like the ventral hippocampus and amygdala are less understood. This study aims to investigate the impact of permanent tactile deprivation on modifying anxiety-like behaviors and c-Fos expression (a marker of neuronal activity) in the dorsolateral and central nucleus of the amygdala and the ventral hippocampus, two regions involved in emotional memory and anxiety. We sectioned the infraorbital nerve, responsible for transmitting whisker information, in CD1 mice to examine how tactile deprivation modifies the behavioral activity in the Elevated Plus Maze and Open-Field Test. Our data revealed a reduction in anxiety-related behaviors post-deprivation, which was linked to a significant decrease in c-Fos expression in the barrel cortex, as well as ventral hippocampus (CA1, dentate gyrus) and dorsolateral, central nucleus of the amygdala, suggesting impaired processing in emotional-regulator brain regions. In conclusion, tactile inputs reduce neuronal activity regulators in brain regions related to emotional regulation, which may trigger possible failures in risk perception or self-protective behaviors associated with the lack of appropriate anxiety responses.

关键词： Tactile agnosia Whiskers (Vibrissae) Risk perception Amygdala Ventral hippocampus

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Black Dog Bias in the Courtroom: A Potential Disadvantage?

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ANTHROZOOS 2024年第4期37卷 779-790页

作者： Kulak, Kylie Mcdermott, Christine M. Miller, Monica K. Univ Nevada Reno Interdisciplinary Social Psychol PhD Program Mailstop 13001664 North Virginia St Reno NV 89502 USA

Because facility dogs can provide comfort to vulnerable testifying witnesses, they are beginning to become commonplace in some courtrooms. However, certain dogs (and by extension the witness they testify with) might be discriminated against because of their coat color. Known as "Black Dog Bias" (BDB), black dogs are often reported to be discriminated against in animal adoption centers, resulting in higher rates of euthanasia. Black dogs are often viewed as less friendly, less emotionally stable, and more aggressive than their other-colored counterparts. Other research, however, argues that BDB does not exist;rather, bias against certain dogs is associated with phenotypic traits or breed. With the proliferation of facility dog employment in courtrooms, there is a possibility that BDB also could manifest in this setting. This study investigated whether BDB occurs in the courtroom and affects perceptions of the witness through the social psychological process of transference. A child witness, as they were testifying about a sexual assault, was either comforted by a black dog, a white dog, or no dog. Counterintuitively, community-member participants (n = 133) believed that the witnesses appeared less sad, less emotional, and happier when comforted by a black dog compared with a white dog. Furthermore, perceptions of the witness were not affected by the facility dog, suggesting that transference did not occur. A potential explanation for the findings posits that a stereotype violation occurs when a black dog serves as a facility dog, allowing the animal to be perceived positively. This finding adds a new caveat to BDB - that when a black dog fulfills a positive role, this might cause a stereotype violation that leads to positive evaluations of that dog. These findings also contribute to existing literature that the presence of facility dogs is more beneficial than harmful to courtroom settings, suggesting that they do not seem to unfairly sway juries.

关键词： Bias facility dog human-animal interaction jurors stereotype black dog syndrome

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Psychotherapy Experiences of US Adults With Physical Disabilities: Recommendations for Affirmative Practice

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COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGIST 2023年第7期51卷 970-1004页

作者： Conner, Kristin J. Acosta, Veronica M. Nouri, Roya von Wrangel, Milena Tyler Gramillo, Elizabeth Conner, Alise Alliant Int Univ Clin Psychol PhD program Alhambra CA USA Alliant Int Univ Clin Psychol PhD Program 1000 S Fremont 5 Alhambra CA 91803 USA

Mental health providers often have little to no training on working with disabled people, and may hold negative biases toward disability (American Psychological Association [APA], 2022). Given these conditions, this study fills a gap in knowledge about the experiences of people with physical disabilities in psychotherapy, and data-driven disability-affirmative approaches. Purposive sampling was used to recruit people with physical disabilities (N = 24) through social media, who participated in semi-structured individual interviews about their psychotherapy experiences. Consensual qualitative research methods revealed four overarching domains with multiple underlying themes. The four domains were: (a) positive therapeutic interventions and interactions, (b) negative therapeutic interventions and interactions, (c) in/accessibility of services, and (d) suggestions for improving mental health services. The results inform affirmative practices for psychotherapy with a stigmatized population. Implications for culturally-responsive clinical practice and training are discussed, as well as study limitations and directions for future research.

关键词： disability psychotherapy cultural competence affirmative qualitative

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Trans-Species Mobility of RNA Interference between Plants and Associated Organisms

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PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024年第5期65卷 694-703页

作者： Nien, Ya-Chi Vanek, Allison Axtell, Michael J. Penn State Univ Huck Inst Life Sci Plant Biol Intercoll PhD Program University Pk PA 16802 USA Penn State Univ Huck Inst Life Sci Bioinformat & Genom PhD Program University Pk PA 16802 USA Penn State Univ Dept Biol University Pk PA 16802 USA

Trans-species RNA interference (RNAi) occurs naturally when small RNAs (sRNAs) silence genes in species different from their origin. This phenomenon has been observed between plants and various organisms including fungi, animals and other plant species. Understanding the mechanisms used in natural cases of trans-species RNAi, such as sRNA processing and movement, will enable more effective development of crop protection methods using host-induced gene silencing (HIGS). Recent progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of cell-to-cell and long-distance movement of sRNAs within individual plants. This increased understanding of endogenous plant sRNA movement may be translatable to trans-species sRNA movement. Here, we review diverse cases of natural trans-species RNAi focusing on current theories regarding intercellular and long-distance sRNA movement. We also touch on trans-species sRNA evolution, highlighting its research potential and its role in improving the efficacy of HIGS.

关键词： Host-induced gene silencing RNA interference Small RNA Trans-species RNA interference

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The Importance of Nuclear Quantum Effects on the Thermodynamic and Structural Properties of Low-Density Amorphous Ice: A Comparison with Hexagonal Ice

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JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2023年第20期127卷 4633-4645页

作者： Eltareb, Ali Lopez, Gustavo E. E. Giovambattista, Nicolas CUNY Brooklyn Coll Dept Phys Brooklyn NY 11210 USA CUNY Grad Ctr PhD Program Phys New York NY 10016 USA CUNY Lehman Coll Dept Chem Bronx NY 10468 USA CUNY Grad Ctr PhD Program Chem New York NY 10016 USA

We study the nuclear quantum effects (NQE) on the thermodynamicproperties of low-density amorphous ice (LDA) and hexagonal ice (I (h)) at P = 0.1 MPa and T >= 25 K. Our results are based on path-integralmolecular dynamics (PIMD) and classical MD simulations of H2O and D2O using the q-TIP4P/F water model. We show thatthe inclusion of NQE is necessary to reproduce the experimental propertiesof LDA and ice I (h). While MD simulations(no NQE) predict that the density rho-(T) of LDAand ice I (h) increases monotonically uponcooling, PIMD simulations indicate the presence of a density maximumin LDA and ice I (h). MD and PIMD simulationsalso predict a qualitatively different T-dependence for the thermalexpansion coefficient alpha( P )(T) and bulk modulus B(T) of both LDA and ice I (h). Remarkably,the rho-(T), alpha( P )(T), and B(T)of LDA are practically identical to those of ice I (h). The origin of the observed NQE is due to the delocalizationof the H atoms, which is identical in LDA and ice I (h). H atoms delocalize considerably (over a distance approximate to 20-25% of the OH covalent-bond length) and anisotropically(preferentially perpendicular to the OH covalent bond), leading toless linear hydrogen bonds HB (larger HOO angles and longer OO separations)than observed in classical MD simulations.

关键词： Delocalization Molecules Order Peptides and proteins Water

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Optical Nanosensor Passivation Enables Highly Sensitive Detection of the Inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-6

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ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024年第21期16卷 27102-27113页

作者： Gaikwad, Pooja Rahman, Nazifa Parikh, Rooshi Crespo, Jalen Cohen, Zachary Williams, Ryan M. CUNY City Coll Dept Biomed Engn New York NY 10031 USA CUNY Grad Ctr PhD Program Chem New York NY 10016 USA

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is known to play a critical role in the progression of inflammatory diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, sepsis, viral infection, neurological disease, and autoimmune diseases. Emerging diagnostic and prognostic tools, such as optical nanosensors, experience challenges in translation to the clinic in part due to protein corona formation, dampening their selectivity and sensitivity. To address this problem, we explored the rational screening of several classes of biomolecules to be employed as agents in noncovalent surface passivation as a strategy to screen interference from nonspecific proteins. Findings from this screening were applied to the detection of IL-6 by a fluorescent-antibody-conjugated single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-based nanosensor. The IL-6 nanosensor exhibited highly sensitive and specific detection after passivation with a polymer, poly-L-lysine, as demonstrated by IL-6 detection in human serum within a clinically relevant range of 25 to 25,000 pg/mL, exhibiting a limit of detection over 3 orders of magnitude lower than prior antibody-conjugated SWCNT sensors. This work holds potential for the rapid and highly sensitive detection of IL-6 in clinical settings with future application to other cytokines or disease-specific biomarkers.

关键词： inflammatory cytokines optical sensors single-walledcarbon nanotubes SWCNT clinical diagnostics

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The Effect of Compliant Backplate on Capacitive MEMS Microphones

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IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2024年第11期24卷 17803-17811页

作者： Peng, Tzu-Huan Huang, Jin H. Feng Chia Univ PhD Program Mech & Aeronaut Engn Taichung 40724 Taiwan Feng Chia Univ Dept Mech & Comp Aided Engn Taichung 40724 Taiwan

This article presents a lumped-parameter model (LPM) providing a deeper understanding of the compliant backplate in capacitive micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) microphones. Some previous models simplify the backplate as stationary, whereas others treat it as vibrating. This work not only models the backplate as vibrating but also considers the coupling effect between the mechanical and electrical domains. The extended model allows for a more detailed analysis of how the microphone converts sound into an electrical signal. Specifically, the theoretical derivations using Lagrange equations show how backplate motion can impact the microphone's performance. The analysis of the LPM aligns well with the results of finite element analysis (FEA) when the frequency is below the high-order resonance, validating the theoretical concepts. In particular, the model with electrical coupling of the vibrating backplate effectively captures the sensitivity dip resulting from the backplate resonance, unlike models lacking this coupling. The theoretical framework is also extended to the phenomenon of pull-in. A backplate that is overly compliant can narrow the operating frequency range and increase the likelihood of experiencing pull-in. Thus, there is a tradeoff between optimizing the microphone's acoustic performance and ensuring its mechanical robustness. This work provides valuable insights into navigating these tradeoffs.

关键词： Microphones Mathematical models Voltage Micromechanical devices Force Acoustics Sensors Backplate vibration capacitive micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) microphone compliant backplate lumped parameter pull-in

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Cybermove: A Critical Practice on Virtualizing Our Daily Life 24

Cybermove: A Critical Practice on Virtualizing Our Daily Lif...

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SIGGRAPH Posters

作者： Zhao, Jiahe Chen, Liyu Natl Tsing Hua Univ Int Intercoll PhD Program Hsinchu Taiwan Natl Tsing Hua Univ Int Intercoll Master Program Hsinchu Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798400705168

Cybermove prompts exploration of "housing". The artist used 3D scanning to virtually recreate her childhood room, packed all her belongings into two suitcases, and began her journey abroad. This digital space was then transported with the artist to a foreign country, unveiled and shared with visitors through a VR headset. The moving process was displayed on social media and connected with viewers' experiences of housing issues, amassing over 3 million views.

关键词： Cybermove housing Minimalistic life challenge Social Media

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