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A latent class analysis to understand riders' adoption of on-demand mobility services as a complement to transit

TRANSPORTATION 2024年第3期51卷 1043-1061页

作者： Wang, Yiyuan Shen, Qing Univ Washington Interdisciplinary PhD Program Urban Design & Plann Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Dept Urban Design & Planning Seattle WA 98195 USA

On-demand app-based shared mobility services have created new opportunities for complementing traditional fixed-route transit through transit agencies' efforts to incorporate them into their service provision. This paper presents one of the first studies that rigorously examine riders' responses to a pilot aimed at providing such a transit-supplementing service. The study conducts latent class analysis on riders of the Via to Transit program, a mobility pilot in the Seattle region where on-demand service was offered to connect transit riders to light rail stations. The analysis identifies three distinct rider groups with heterogenous responses to the on-demand service: (1) riders who previously used private cars or ride-hailing;(2) riders who were pedestrians and bikers but switched likely because of safety concern;(3) mostly socio-economically disadvantaged riders who previously relied on the bus, but switched to the new service for the convenience and speed. These results point to rich transportation policy implications, which can inform decision-making by public transit agencies as they are exploring alternative ways to deliver the mobility services.

关键词： Public transit On-demand shared mobility Latent class analysis Heterogeneous travel behavior responses Built environments

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Comparison of Vegetable Waste Byproducts of Selected Cultivars of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. by an Integrated LC-(HR)MS and ¹H-NMR-Based Metabolomics Approach

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PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS 2025年第0期 2025 Jan 21页

作者： Crescenzi, Maria Assunta Cerulli, Antonietta Masullo, Milena Montoro, Paola Piacente, Sonia Univ Salerno Dept Pharm Fisciano Italy Univ Salerno Dept Pharm PhD Program Drug Discovery & Dev Fisciano Italy Natl Biodivers Future Ctr NBFC Palermo Italy

Introduction: The metabolome of plants is influenced by various factors, especially environmental, as the season in which they are grown. So, distinct varieties of the identical plant might show an increase or decrease in metabolites. The diversity of content of primary and secondary metabolites can also determine the variation in their biological properties. Due to the current occurrence of various fennel varieties, the crop can now be grown for the entire year. Objective: This work used an integrated approach of LC/MS and NMR analysis to characterize the metabolome of fennel waste of different varieties by multivariate statistical analysis. Methods: The extracts were investigated by NMR and LC/MS analysis to focus attention on the primary and secondary metabolites. Both LC-HRMS and NMR data were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA). Results: The H-1-NMR analysis led to the identification of 15 primary metabolites, such as amino acids, carbohydrates, and organic acid derivatives. The secondary metabolites identified by LC/MS analysis mainly belong to the phenolic, lipid, and fatty acid compounds classes. Conclusion: This integrated approach guarantees a precise and complete overview of the variations in the metabolic expression of the fennel varieties grown in different seasons.

关键词： H-1-NMR and HRMS-based metabolomics Foeniculum vulgare multivariate data analysis vegetable waste

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Feature selectivity of corticocortical feedback along the primate dorsal visual pathway

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JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 2025年第3期133卷 799-814页

作者： Korkian, Yavar Nakhla, Nardin Pack, Christopher C. McGill Univ Montreal Neurol Inst Dept Neurol & Neurosurg Montreal PQ Canada McGill Univ Quantitat Life Sci PhD Program Montreal PQ Canada

Anatomical studies have revealed a prominent role for feedback projections in the primate visual cortex. Theoretical models suggest that these projections support important brain functions such as attention, prediction, and learning. However, these models make different predictions about the relationship between feedback connectivity and neuronal stimulus selectivity. We have therefore performed simultaneous recordings in different regions of the primate dorsal visual pathway. Specifically, we recorded neural activity from the medial superior temporal (MST) area, and one of its main feedback targets, the middle temporal (MT) area. We estimated functional connectivity from correlations in the single-neuron spike trains and performed electrical microstimulation in MST to determine its causal influence on MT. Both methods revealed that inhibitory feedback occurred more commonly when the source and target neurons had very different stimulus preferences. At the same time, the strength of feedback suppression was greater for neurons with similar preferences. Excitatory feedback projections, in contrast, showed no consistent relationship with stimulus preferences. These results suggest that corticocortical feedback could play a role in shaping sensory responses according to behavioral or environmental context. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we show that corticocortical feedback influences are often determined by the selectivity of the individual neurons. A common motif is the occurrence of inhibitory feedback among neurons with very different stimulus preferences. This results in strong suppression of responses in area MT when MST is electrically stimulated. Interestingly, this feedback shows a complex interaction with ongoing visual stimulation, being powerfully suppressive when visual inputs are strong, yet excitatory when visual inputs are weak.

关键词： corticocortical feedback electrophysiology macaque

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Classifying developmental delays with EEG: A comparative study of machine learning and deep learning approaches

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BIOCYBERNETICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2025年第2期45卷 229-246页

作者： Usman, Muhammad Lin, Wen-Yi Lin, Yi-Yin Hsieh, Sheng-Ta Chen, Yao-Tien Lo, Yu-Chun Lin, Chun-Ling Ming Chi Univ Technol Int PhD Program Innovat Technol Biomed Engn & Med New Taipei City Taiwan Taipei Med Univ Coll Med Sci & Technol PhD Program Med Neurosci Taipei City Taiwan Natl Hlth Res Inst Taipei City Taiwan Asia Eastern Univ Sci & Technol Dept Commun Engn New Taipei City Taiwan Taipei Med Univ Coll Med Sci & Technol PhD Program Med Neurosci New Taipei City Taiwan Natl Taipei Univ Technol Dept Elect Engn Taipei City Taiwan

Early detection of developmental delays is crucial for improving children's cognitive, social, and emotional outcomes through timely interventions. This study explores the potential of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) to classify Electroencephalography (EEG) data from an oddball task, distinguishing between children with and without developmental delays. Participants underwent language assessments and EEG recordings, with subsequent analysis using Event-Related Potentials (ERPs), Event-Related Spectral Perturbations (ERSPs), and functional connectivity to characterize group differences. Three methodologies were employed in this research to classify EEG data. Firstly, statistical features are extracted from the EEG data and various ML algorithms are applied for classification, with feature selection techniques utilized to identify the most relevant features and enhance classification accuracy. Secondly, brain dynamics is utilized to incorporate ERP, ERSP, and functional connectivity measures as features for developmental delay detection. Similar to the first approach, feature selection techniques are again employed to enhance classification accuracy. Lastly, DL approaches are explored by implementing multiple convolutional neural networks (CNNs), including a 2D CNN (EEGNet), various hybrid CNN architectures integrating LSTM, GRU, and attention mechanisms, and a novel 1D CNN with a standardized convolutional layer (SCL) for improved stability and training performance. The effectiveness of each approach in accurately classifying EEG data for developmental delay detection is independently analyzed. The results demonstrate that the proposed 1D convolutional neural network outperforms both EEGNet and the employed ML classifiers. This model achieves an impressive accuracy of 96.4% and an F1 score of 96.6%, underscoring its potential as a valuable tool for early and accurate developmental delay detection using EEG data.

关键词： Developmental delay Neurodevelopmental Disorders Machine learning (ML) Deep learning (DL) Electroencephalography (EEG) Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)

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Dynamic embedding of effective harmonic normal mode vibrations in all-atomistic energy gap fluctuations: Case study of light harvesting 2 complex

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JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2024年第18期160卷 160, 184104-160, 184104页

作者： Cho, Kwang Hyun Jang, Seogjoo J. Rhee, Young Min Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol Dept Chem Daejeon 34141 South Korea CUNY Queens Coll Dept Chem & Biochem Queens NY 11367 USA CUNY Grad Ctr PhD Program Chem New York NY 10016 USA CUNY Grad Ctr PhD Program Phys New York NY 10016 USA Korea Inst Adv Study Seoul 02455 South Korea

Environmental effects in excitation energy transfer have mostly been modeled by baths of harmonic oscillators, but to what extent such modeling provides a reliable description of actual interactions between molecular systems and environments remains an open issue. We address this issue by investigating fluctuations in the excitation energies of the light harvesting 2 complex using a realistic all-atomistic simulation of the potential energy surface. Our analyses reveal that molecular motions exhibit significant anharmonic features, even for underdamped intramolecular vibrations. In particular, we find that the anharmonicity contributes to the broadening of spectral densities and substantial overlaps between neighboring peaks, which complicates the meaning of mode frequencies constituting a bath model. Thus, we develop a strategy to construct a minimally underdamped harmonic bath that has a clear connection to all-atomistic dynamics by utilizing actual normal modes of molecules but optimizing their frequencies such that the resulting bath model can best reproduce the all-atomistic simulation results. By subtracting the underdamped contribution from the entire fluctuations, we also show that identifying a residual spectral density representing all other contributions with overdamped behavior is possible. We find that this can be fitted well with a well-established analytic form of a spectral density function or, alternatively, modeled as explicit time dependent fluctuations with muti-exponential or power law type correlation functions. We provide an assessment and the implications of these possibilities. The approach presented here can also serve as a general strategy to construct a simplified bath model that can effectively represent the underlying all-atomistic bath dynamics.

关键词： Spectral density

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Genetic and environmental contributions for the relationship between tooth loss and oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma

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HEAD AND NECK-JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES AND SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK 2024年第6期46卷 1417-1427页

作者： da Silva, Adriana M. Falcao, Michelle M. L. Freitas, Valeria S. Vieira, Alexandre R. Univ Estadual Feira De Santana Dept Hlth Publ Hlth PhD Program Feira De Santana Brazil Univ Pittsburgh Dept Oral & Craniofacial Sci Pittsburgh PA USA Univ Estadual Feira De Santana Dept Hlth Publ Hlth PhD Program Av Transnordestina S-N BR-44036900 Feira De Santana Brazil

BackgroundTo investigate the association between tooth loss and oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma, focusing on epidemiological factors and genetic ***-control study, including histologically confirmed oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma cases and healthy controls. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for this association were calculated. Single-nucleotides polymorphisms were tested for individuals with and without missing *** individuals were more edentulous while controls had fewer missing teeth (p = 0.006). There was an increased risk for the outcomes associated with edentulism (OR = 6.95, p = 0.000), even after adjustments for educational level (OR = 4.7, p = 0.034) and smoking habits (OR = 5.01, p = 0.022). Among individuals with tooth loss, rs1533767 (WNT11), rs3923087, and rs11867417 (AXIN2) were associated with the outcomes (OR = 1.67, p = 0.03, OR = 0.53, p = 0.05, and OR = 0.42, p = 0.00, respectively).ConclusionsTooth loss could increase the risk for oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma.

关键词： cleft palate oral leukoplakia orofacial cleft squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck tooth loss

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PharmRL: pharmacophore elucidation with deep geometric reinforcement learning

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BMC BIOLOGY 2024年第1期22卷 1-15页

作者： Aggarwal, Rishal Koes, David R. Joint PhD Program Computat Biol Carnegie Mellon Un Pittsburgh PA USA Univ Pittsburgh Computat & Syst Biol Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA

BackgroundMolecular interactions between proteins and their ligands are important for drug design. A pharmacophore consists of favorable molecular interactions in a protein binding site and can be utilized for virtual screening. Pharmacophores are easiest to identify from co-crystal structures of a bound protein-ligand complex. However, designing a pharmacophore in the absence of a ligand is a much harder *** this work, we develop a deep learning method that can identify pharmacophores in the absence of a ligand. Specifically, we train a CNN model to identify potential favorable interactions in the binding site, and develop a deep geometric Q-learning algorithm that attempts to select an optimal subset of these interaction points to form a pharmacophore. With this algorithm, we show better prospective virtual screening performance, in terms of F1 scores, on the DUD-E dataset than random selection of ligand-identified features from co-crystal structures. We also conduct experiments on the LIT-PCBA dataset and show that it provides efficient solutions for identifying active molecules. Finally, we test our method by screening the COVID moonshot dataset and show that it would be effective in identifying prospective lead molecules even in the absence of fragment screening *** addresses the need for automated methods in pharmacophore design, particularly in cases where a cognate ligand is unavailable. Experimental results demonstrate that PharmRL generates functional pharmacophores. Additionally, we provide a Google Colab notebook to facilitate the use of this method.

关键词： Pharmacophores Virtual screening Protein-ligand interactions Machine learning

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N-Acetylation of Biodegradable Supramolecular Peptide Nanofilaments Selectively Enhances Their Proteolytic Stability for Targeted Delivery of Gold-Based Anticancer Agents

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ACS BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2023年第6期9卷 3379-3389页

作者： Marciano, Yaron Nayeem, Nazia Dave, Dhwanit Ulijn, Rein V. Contel, Maria CUNY Brooklyn Coll Dept Chem Brooklyn NY 11210 USA CUNY Grad Ctr Adv Sci Res Ctr New York NY 10031 USA CUNY Grad Ctr PhD Program Chem New York NY 10016 USA CUNY Grad Ctr PhD Program Biol New York NY 10016 USA CUNY Hunter Coll Dept Chem New York NY 10065 USA CUNY Grad Ctr PhD Program Biochem New York NY 10016 USA

Peptidematerials are promising for various biomedical applications;however, a significant concern is their lack of stability and rapiddegradation in vivo due to non-specific *** materials specifically designed to respond to disease-specificproteases, it would be desirable to retain high susceptibility totarget proteases while minimizing the impact of non-specific *** describe N-terminal acetylation as a simple synthetic modificationof amphiphilic self-assembling peptides that contain an MMP-9-cleavablesegment and form soluble, nanoscale filaments. We found that the N-terminuscapping of these peptides did not significantly impact their self-assemblybehavior, critical aggregation concentration, or ability to encapsulatehydrophobic payloads. By contrast, their proteolytic stability inhuman plasma (especially for anionic peptide sequences) was considerablyincreased while susceptibility to hydrolysis by MMP-9 was retainedwhen compared to non-acetylated peptides, especially during the first12 h. We note, however, that due to the longer time scale requiredfor in vitro studies (72 h), non-specific proteolysisof both anionic acetylated peptides leads to similar activity in vitro despite differing MMP-9 kinetics during the earlystages. Overall, the enhanced stability against non-specific proteases,combined with the ability of these nanofilaments to enhance the effectivenessof gold-based drugs toward cancerous cells compared to healthy cells,brings these acetylated peptide filaments a step closer toward clinicaltranslation.

关键词： peptides proteolytic stability MMP-9 acylation drug delivery metallodrugs

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Encounters, separations, and incursions: Theorizing the Black Panther Party's challenge to the War on Poverty

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THEORY AND SOCIETY 2023年第4期52卷 641-675页

作者： Anastasi, Andrew CUNY Grad Ctr PhD Program Sociol New York NY 10017 USA

This article analyzes a series of encounters between the Black Panther Party and the U.S. government's War on Poverty, beginning with the Party's foundation in a North Oakland anti-poverty office in 1966, and culminating with the resignation of six Party members from elected positions on a West Oakland anti-poverty board in 1973. The essay theorizes these encounters as moments in an antagonistic process whereby the Party sought to separate from and launch incursions into the state's anti-poverty apparatus, which had been established in the mid-1960s by a discrete stratum of state managers who sought to transform riotous energy into labor-power. This essay understands articles published in the Party's newspaper, documents from its archive, and records of its community service practice as components of an ideological struggle which sought to reproduce anti-capitalist social relations on an extended scale. On the basis of this historical case study, the essay argues that the autonomy of radical social movement organizations from the state should be understood as a process rather than a status. It shows how social movements which view the state as an enemy can struggle in "close-quarters antagonism" within and against it. It situates this argument in relation to debates within the critical social sciences and state theory, and it considers the political and theoretical repercussions of this hypothesis for radical movements which confront the state apparatus of non-profit organizations today.

关键词： Black Panther Party Ideology State theory Subjectivation Subsumption War on Poverty

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PV chart management innovation based on production balance ratio: a case study of Company S's GaAs process improvement for compound semiconductors

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY 2025年第5-6期136卷 2769-2799页

作者： Tang, Shih-Ming Pei, Wen Chuang, Ming-Hsi Chung Hua Univ PhD Program Management 707Sect 2WuFu Rd Hsinchu Taiwan Chung Hua Univ Coll Management 707Sect 2WuFu Rd Hsinchu Taiwan

In today's highly competitive manufacturing environment, continuous improvements in production efficiency play a crucial role in enhancing engineering value. This research paper presents a case study of Company S, a global leader in the production of gallium arsenide, to investigate methods for improving production efficiency. The study utilizes the eliminate, combine, rearrange, and simplify methods along with the line balancing rate to identify bottlenecks and minimize abnormalities in the manufacturing process. Furthermore, process management theories are employed to develop and implement the production value (PV) chart, which visualizes process management for improved production balance rates and reduced operating costs. The results indicate a significant increase in monthly production capacity (42%), a reduction in labor costs (20%), and a decrease in lead time (5 working days) through the adoption of the PV chart. This research demonstrates that the combination of the PV chart and process management theories provides a valuable tool for visualizing and improving process management not only in the semiconductor industry but also in other industries. The proposed method offers opportunities for reducing lead time, direct processing costs, direct material costs, and increasing productivity.

关键词： Production value chart Visualization Engineering value ECRS (eliminate Combine Rearrange And simplify) analysis Balance rate analysis

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