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arXiv 2023年

作者： Yang, Xinquan Li, Xuguang Li, Xuechen Chen, Wenting Shen, Linlin Li, Xin Deng, Yongqiang College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China AI Research Center for Medical Image Analysis and Diagnosis Shenzhen University Shenzhen China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University China Department of Stomatology Shenzhen University General Hospital Shenzhen China Department of Electrical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

In implant prosthesis treatment, the design of surgical guide requires lots of manual labors and is prone to subjective variations. When deep learning based methods has started to be applied to address this problem, the space between teeth are various and some of them might present similar texture characteristic with the actual implant region. Both problems make a big challenge for the implant position prediction. In this paper, we develop a two-stream implant position regression framework (TSIPR), which consists of an implant region detector (IRD) and a multi-scale patch embedding regression network (MSPENet), to address this issue. For the training of IRD, we extend the original annotation to provide additional supervisory information, which contains much more rich characteristic and do not introduce extra labeling costs. A multi-scale patch embedding module is designed for the MSPENet to adaptively extract features from the images with various tooth spacing. The global-local feature interaction block is designed to build the encoder of MSPENet, which combines the transformer and convolution for enriched feature representation. During inference, the RoI mask extracted from the IRD is used to refine the prediction results of the MSPENet. Extensive experiments on a dental implant dataset through five-fold cross-validation demonstrated that the proposed TSIPR achieves superior performance than existing methods. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Embeddings

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Toward Attention-based TinyML: A Heterogeneous Accelerated Architecture and Automated Deployment Flow

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Wiese, Philip İslamoğlu, Gamze Scherer, Moritz Macan, Luka Jung, Victor Jean-Baptiste Burrello, Alessio Conti, Francesco Benini, Luca ETH Zürich Switzerland Integrated Systems Laboratory Switzerland Boğaziçi University Turkey Integrated Systems Laboratory ETH Zürich Switzerland Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing University of Zagreb Croatia University of Bologna Italy Juniata College United States France Politecnico of Turin Italy Politecnico di Torino Italy DEI Department University of Bologna Italy Università di Bologna Italy Academia Europaea

One of the challenges for Tiny Machine Learning (tinyML) is keeping up with the evolution of Machine Learning models from Convolutional Neural Networks to Transformers. We address this by leveraging a heterogeneous architectural template coupling RISC-V processors with hardwired accelerators supported by an automated deployment flow. We demonstrate Attention-based models in a tinyML power envelope with an octacore cluster coupled with an accelerator for quantized Attention. Our deployment flow enables end-to-end 8-bit Transformer inference, achieving leading-edge energy efficiency and throughput of 2960 GOp/J and 154 GOp/s (0.65 V, 22 nm FD-SOI technology). © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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IRS-Enhanced Anti-Jamming Precoding Against DISCO Physical Layer Jamming Attacks

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Huang, Huan Zhang, Hongliang Cai, Yi Zhang, Yunjing Lee Swindlehurst, A. Han, Zhu Electronic Information School Soochow University Suzhou China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks School of Electronics Peking University Beijing China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston Houston United States Center for Pervasive Communications and Computing University of California Irvine United States

Illegitimate intelligent reflective surfaces (IRSs) can pose significant physical layer security risks on multi-user multiple-input single-output (MU-MISO) systems. Recently, a DISCO approach has been proposed an illegitimate IRS with random and time-varying reflection coefficients, referred to as a "disco" IRS (DIRS). Such DIRS can attack MU-MISO systems without relying on either jamming power or channel state information (CSI), and classical anti-jamming techniques are ineffective for the DIRS-based fully-passive jammers (DIRS-based FPJs). In this paper, we propose an IRS-enhanced anti-jamming precoder against DIRS-based FPJs that requires only statistical rather than instantaneous CSI of the DIRS-jammed channels. Specifically, a legitimate IRS is introduced to reduce the strength of the DIRS-based jamming relative to the transmit signals at a legitimate user (LU). In addition, the active beamforming at the legitimate access point (AP) is designed to maximize the signal-to-jamming-plus-noise ratios (SJNRs). Numerical results are presented to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed IRS-enhanced anti-jamming precoder against DIRS-based FPJs. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Channel state information

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Energy-Efficient Beamforming Design for Integrated Sensing and Communications systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zou, Jiaqi Sun, Songlin Masouros, Christos Cui, Yuanhao Liu, Ya-Feng Ng, Derrick Wing Kwan Beijing100876 China The Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University College London LondonWC1E 7JE United Kingdom Beijing China The Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University College London WC1E 7JE United Kingdom The State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scientific/Engineering Computing Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China The School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications University of New South Wales SydneyNSW2052 Australia

In this paper, we investigate the design of energy-efficient beamforming for an ISAC system, where the transmitted waveform is optimized for joint multi-user communication and target estimation simultaneously. We aim to maximize the system energy efficiency (EE), taking into account the constraints of a maximum transmit power budget, a minimum required signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) for communication, and a maximum tolerable Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) for target estimation. We first consider communication-centric EE maximization. To handle the non-convex fractional objective function, we propose an iterative quadratic-transform-Dinkelbach method, where Schur complement and semi-definite relaxation (SDR) techniques are leveraged to solve the subproblem in each iteration. For the scenarios where sensing is critical, we propose a novel performance metric for characterizing the sensing-centric EE and optimize the metric adopted in the scenario of sensing a point-like target and an extended target. To handle the nonconvexity, we employ the successive convex approximation (SCA) technique to develop an efficient algorithm for approximating the nonconvex problem as a sequence of convex ones. Furthermore, we adopt a Pareto optimization mechanism to articulate the tradeoff between the communication-centric EE and sensing-centric EE. We formulate the search of the Pareto boundary as a constrained optimization problem and propose a computationally efficient algorithm to handle it. Numerical results validate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithms compared with the baseline schemes and the obtained approximate Pareto boundary shows that there is a non-trivial tradeoff between communication-centric EE and sensing-centric EE, where the number of communication users and EE requirements have serious effects on the achievable tradeoff. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Energy efficiency

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On the potential of lateral BJTs and SiGe HBTs in advanced CMOS technologies

On the potential of lateral BJTs and SiGe HBTs in advanced C...

引用

Pacific Rim Meeting on Electrochemical and Solid State Science 2020, PRiME 200

作者： Suligoj, Tomislav Žilak, Josip Osrečki, Željko Koričić, Marko Micro and Nano Electronics Laboratory Department of Electronics Microelectronics Computer and Intelligent Systems Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing University of Zagreb Croatia

ISBN: (纸本)9781607689003

The potential of lateral bipolar transistors, based on Horizontal Current Bipolar Transistor (HCBT), in scaled CMOS technologies are examined by TCAD simulations. Thorough and consistent simulations show that SiGe HCBT can achieve fT/fmax of 358/490 GHz outperforming standard vertical-current HBT with fT/fmax of 348/423 GHz, assuming the same intrinsic transistor doping profile. By optimizing the extrinsic base shape and width, the characteristics of SiGe HCBT can be further improved. SiGe HCBTs in bulk silicon substrates result in better performance comparing to the transistors in SOI substrates. © The Electrochemical Society

关键词： Si-Ge alloys

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Triple Point Masking

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Liu, Jiaming Kong, Linghe Wu, Yue Gong, Maoguo Li, Hao Miao, Qiguang Ma, Wenping Qin, Can School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China School of Computer Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Collaborative Intelligence Systems Ministry of Education Xidian University Xi’an710071 China School of Electronic Engineering Key Laboratory of Collaborative Intelligence Systems Ministry of Education Xidian University Xi’an710071 China College of Mathematics Science Inner Mongolia Normal University Hohhot010022 China School of Artificial Intelligence Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education Xidian University Xi’an710071 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northeastern University BostonMA02115 United States

Existing 3D mask learning methods encounter performance bottlenecks under limited data, and our objective is to overcome this limitation. In this paper, we introduce a triple point masking scheme, named TPM, which serves as a scalable plug- and-play framework for MAE pre-training to achieve multi-mask learning for 3D point clouds. Specifically, we augment the baseline methods with two additional mask choices (i.e., medium mask and low mask) as our core insight is that the recovery process of an object can manifest in diverse ways. Previous high-masking schemes focus on capturing the global representation information but lack fine-grained recovery capabilities, so that the generated pre-training weights tend to play a limited role in the fine-tuning process. With the support of the proposed TPM, current methods can exhibit more flexible and accurate completion capabilities, enabling the potential autoencoder in the pre-training stage to consider multiple representations of a single 3D point cloud object. In addition, during the fine-tuning stage, an SVM-guided weight selection module is proposed to fill the encoder parameters for downstream networks with the optimal weight, maximizing linear accuracy and facilitating the acquisition of intricate representations for new objects. Extensive experimental results and theoretical analysis show that five baselines equipped with the proposed TPM achieve comprehensive performance improvements on various downstream tasks. Our code and models are available at https://***/liujia99/TPM. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Signal encoding

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Sensing With Communication Signals: From Information Theory to Signal Processing

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Liu, Fan Liu, Ya-Feng Cui, Yuanhao Masouros, Christos Xu, Jie Han, Tony Xiao Buzzi, Stefano Eldar, Yonina C. Jin, Shi National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory School of Information Science and Engineering Southeast University Nanjing210096 China State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing Institute of Computational Mathematicsand Scientific/Engineering Computing Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Department of Communication Engineering Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing100876 China Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University College London LondonWC1E 7JE United Kingdom Guangdong518172 China Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd China Department of Electrical and Information Engineering University of Cassino and Southern Lazio CassinoI-03043 Italy Department of Electronics Information and Bioengineering Politecnico di Milano MilanoI-20133 Italy ParmaI-43124 Italy Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel

The Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC) paradigm is anticipated to be a cornerstone of the upcoming 6G networks. In order to optimize the use of wireless resources, 6G ISAC systems need to harness the communication data payload signals, which are inherently random, for both sensing and communication (S&C) purposes. This tutorial paper provides a comprehensive technical overview of the fundamental theory and signal processing methodologies for ISAC transmission with random communication signals. We begin by introducing the deterministic-random tradeoff (DRT) between S&C from an information-theoretic perspective, emphasizing the need for specialized signal processing techniques tailored to random ISAC signals. Building on this foundation, we review the core signal models and processing pipelines for communication-centric ISAC systems, and analyze the average squared auto-correlation function (ACF) of random ISAC signals, which serves as a fundamental performance metric for multi-target ranging tasks. Drawing insights from these theoretical results, we outline the design principles for the three key components of communication-centric ISAC systems: modulation schemes, constellation design, and pulse shaping filters. The goal is to either enhance sensing performance without compromising communication efficiency or to establish a scalable tradeoff between the two. We then extend our analysis from a single-antenna ISAC system to its multi-antenna counterpart, discussing recent advancements in multiinput multi-output (MIMO) precoding techniques specifically designed for random ISAC signals. We conclude by highlighting several open challenges and future research directions in the field of sensing with communication signals. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Signal modulation

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Privacy-Aware Joint DNN Model Deployment and Partition Optimization for Delay-Efficient Collaborative Edge Inference

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Cheng, Zhipeng Xia, Xiaoyu Wang, Hong Liwang, Minghui Chen, Ning Fan, Xuwei Wang, Xianbin School of Future Science and Engineering Soochow University Suzhou215006 China School of Computing Technologies RMIT University MelbourneVIC Australia Department of Control Science and Engineering The National Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems Tongji University Shanghai201804 China Frontiers Science Center for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Ministry of Education Tongji University Shanghai201804 China Qingdao China College of Computer and Information Sciences Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou350002 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Western University ON Canada

Edge inference (EI) is a key solution to address the growing challenges of delayed response times, limited scalability, and privacy concerns in cloud-based Deep Neural Network (DNN) inference. However, deploying DNN models on resource-constrained edge devices faces more severe challenges, such as model storage limitations, dynamic service requests, and privacy risks. This paper proposes a novel framework for privacy-aware joint DNN model deployment and partition optimization to minimize long-term average inference delay under resource and privacy constraints. Specifically, the problem is formulated as a complex optimization problem considering model deployment, user-server association, and model partition strategies. To handle the NP-hardness and future uncertainties, a Lyapunov-based approach is introduced to transform the long-term optimization into a single-time-slot problem, ensuring system performance. Additionally, a coalition formation game model is proposed for edge server association, and a greedy-based algorithm is developed for model deployment within each coalition to efficiently solve the problem. Extensive simulations show that the proposed algorithms effectively reduce inference delay while satisfying privacy constraints, outperforming baseline approaches in various scenarios. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Differential privacy

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A distributed application placement and migration management techniques for Edge and Fog computing environments

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Goudarzi, Mohammad Palaniswami, Marimuthu Buyya, Rajkumar Laboratory School of Computing and Information Systems The University of Melbourne Australia The Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Melbourne Australia

Fog/Edge computing model allows harnessing of resources in the proximity of the Internet of Things (IoT) devices to support various types of latency-sensitive IoT applications. However, due to the mobility of users and a wide range of IoT applications with different resource requirements, it is a challenging issue to satisfy these applications' requirements. The execution of IoT applications exclusively on one fog/edge server may not be always feasible due to limited resources, while the execution of IoT applications on different servers requires further collaboration and management among servers. Moreover, considering user mobility, some modules of each IoT application may require migration to other servers for execution, leading to service interruption and extra execution costs. In this article, we propose a new weighted cost model for hierarchical fog computing environments, in terms of the response time of IoT applications and energy consumption of IoT devices, to minimize the cost of running IoT applications and potential migrations. Besides, a distributed clustering technique is proposed to enable the collaborative execution of tasks, emitted from application modules, among servers. Also, we propose an application placement technique to minimize the overall cost of executing IoT applications on multiple servers in a distributed manner. Furthermore, a distributed migration management technique is proposed for the potential migration of applications' modules to other remote servers as the users move along their path. Besides, failure recovery methods are embedded in the clustering, application placement, and migration management techniques to recover from unpredicted failures. The performance results demonstrate that our technique significantly improves its counterparts in terms of placement deployment time, average execution cost of tasks, the total number of migrations, the total number of interrupted tasks, and cumulative migration cost. Copyright © 2021, The

关键词： Internet of things

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Demonstrating the Potential of Adaptive LMS Filtering on FPGA-Based Qubit Control Platforms for Improved Qubit Readout in 2D and 3D Quantum Processing Units

Demonstrating the Potential of Adaptive LMS Filtering on FPG...

引用

Quantum computing and engineering (QCE), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Hans Johnson Nicholas Bornman Taeyoon Kim David Van Zanten Silvia Zorzetti Jafar Saniie Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Embedded Computing and Signal Processing (ECASP) Research Laboratory Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL U.S.A. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems (SQMS) Center Batavia IL U.S.A. Department of Physics and Astronomy Center for Applied Physics and Superconducting Technologies (CAPST) Northwestern University Evanston IL U.S.A.

ISBN: (数字)9798331541378

ISBN: (纸本)9798331541385

Advancements in quantum computing underscore the critical need for sophisticated qubit readout techniques to accurately discern quantum states. This abstract presents our research intended for optimizing readout pulse fidelity for 2D and 3D Quantum Processing Units (QPUs), the latter coupled with Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) cavities. Focusing specifically on the application of the Least Mean Squares (LMS) adaptive filtering algorithm, we explore its integration into the FPGA-based control systems to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of qubit state detection by improving Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). Implementing the LMS algorithm on the Zynq UltraScale+ RFSoC Gen 3 devices (RFSoC 4x2 FPGA and ZCU216 FPGA) using the Quantum Instrumentation Control Kit (QICK) open-source platform, we aim to dynamically test and adjust the filtering parameters in real-time to characterize and adapt to the noise profile presented in quantum computing readout signals. Our preliminary results demonstrate the LMS filter's capability to maintain high readout accuracy while efficiently managing FPGA resources. These findings are expected to contribute to developing more reliable and scalable quantum computing architectures, highlighting the pivotal role of adaptive signal processing in quantum technology advancements.

关键词： Three-dimensional displays Accuracy Filtering Qubit Signal processing algorithms Superconducting filters Real-time systems Reliability Field programmable gate arrays Signal to noise ratio

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