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Trapping in scale-free networks with hierarchical organization of modularity

Physical Review E 2009年第5期80卷 051120-051120页

作者： Zhongzhi Zhang Yuan Lin Shuyang Gao Shuigeng Zhou Jihong Guan Mo Li School of Computer Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Department of Computer Science and Technology Tongji University 4800 Cao’an Road Shanghai 201804 China Software School Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China

A wide variety of real-life networks share two remarkable generic topological properties: scale-free behavior and modular organization, and it is natural and important to study how these two features affect the dynamical processes taking place on such networks. In this paper, we investigate a simple stochastic process—trapping problem, a random walk with a perfect trap fixed at a given location, performed on a family of hierarchical networks that exhibit simultaneously striking scale-free and modular structure. We focus on a particular case with the immobile trap positioned at the hub node having the largest degree. Using a method based on generating functions, we determine explicitly the mean first-passage time (MFPT) for the trapping problem, which is the mean of the node-to-trap first-passage time over the entire network. The exact expression for the MFPT is calculated through the recurrence relations derived from the special construction of the hierarchical networks. The obtained rigorous formula corroborated by extensive direct numerical calculations exhibits that the MFPT grows algebraically with the network order. Concretely, the MFPT increases as a power-law function of the number of nodes with the exponent much less than 1. We demonstrate that the hierarchical networks under consideration have more efficient structure for transport by diffusion in contrast with other analytically soluble media including some previously studied scale-free networks. We argue that the scale-free and modular topologies are responsible for the high efficiency of the trapping process on the hierarchical networks.

关键词： Random processes

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Deterministic algorithm for the reordering problem using tile assembly

Deterministic algorithm for the reordering problem using til...

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International Conference on Bio-Inspired Computing: Theories and Applications, BICTA

作者： Yufang Huang Jin Xu Zhen Cheng Zhihua Chen Xuncai Zhang Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control Department of Control Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei China School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science Peking University Beijing China

Algorithmic self-assembly, a generalization of crystal growth, has been proposed as a mechanism for the bottom-up fabrication of autonomous DNA computation. In theory, growth can be programmed by designing a set of molecular tiles with binding interactions that enforce assembly rules. There are many interesting applications of the reordering problem in Mathematics, as well as computer Sciences. It is a useful primitive operation for computation and construction in the field of science and engineering. It is worth exploring more efficient approach to solve this problem. In this paper, we provide a description of a novel method for the reordering problem by use of the programmable tile assembly model. We propose the thought of block assembly model which takes full advantage of the huge parallelism inherent in the tile assembly. On the basis of the structural property, we delicately devise a rule to produce a long reporter strand which can connect all the inputs of the given problem with the final results. It is proved that this method can be extended to any reordering problem with arbitrary size in theory. The great advantage of our schema is that it only needs a constant number of tile types and in time linear with the size of the input problem to solve any reordering problem.

关键词： Tiles Assembly Self-assembly DNA computing Molecular computing Fabrication Logic Biology computing Laboratories Intelligent control

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An automatic computer-aided detection system for meniscal tears on magnetic resonance images

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IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 2009年第8期28卷 1308-1316页

作者： Ramakrishna, Bharath Liu, Weimin Saiprasad, Ganesh Safdar, Nabile Chang, Chein-I Siddiqui, Khan Kim, W. Siegel, Eliot Chai, Jyh-Wen Chen, Clayton Chi-Chang Lee, San-Kan Remote Sensing Signal and Image Processing Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore MD 21250 United States University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21201 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Environmental Restoration Disaster Reduction Research Center National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan VA Maryland Health Care System Baltimore MD 21201 United States Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 United States Department of Radiology College of Medicine China Medical University Taichung 404 Taiwan Department of Radiology Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung 40705 Taiwan Department of Radiological Technology Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taichung 406 Taiwan Department of Radiology Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung 407 Taiwan

Knee-related injuries including meniscal tears are common in both young athletes and the aging population, and require accurate diagnosis and surgical intervention when appropriate. With proper techniques and radiologists' experienced skills, confidence in detection of meniscal tears can be quite high. This paper develops a novel computer-aided detection (CAD) diagnostic system for automatic detection of meniscal tears in the knee. Evaluation of this CAD system using an archived database of images from 40 individuals with suspected knee injuries indicates that the sensitivity and specificity of the proposed CAD system are 83.87% and 75.19%, respectively, compared to the mean sensitivity and specificity of 77.41% and 81.39%, respectively, obtained by experienced radiologists in routine diagnosis without using the CAD. The experimental results suggest that the developed CAD system has great potential and promise in automatic detection of both simple and complex meniscal tears of the knee. © 2009 IEEE.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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Fabrication of QCM sensor array and PDMS micro chamber for biosensor applications

Fabrication of QCM sensor array and PDMS micro chamber for b...

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International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, computer, Telecommunications and Information technology, ECTI-CON

作者： K. Jaruwongrungsee T. Maturos K. Wong-ek M. Sangworasil C. Pintavirooj A. Wisitsora-at A. Tuantranont Biomedical Signal and Image Processing Laboratory Department of Electronics Engineering Faculty of Engineering King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok Thailand Nanoelectronics and MEMS Laboratory National Electronics and Computer Technology Center Pathum Thani Thailand Nanosceince and Technology Program Graduated College Chulalongkom University Bangkok Thailand

In this work, an array of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors is fabricated on a single quartz crystal substrate and attached with poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) micro chamber for using in flow-injection system. The Cr/Au electrode array is deposited on both side of quartz substrate by sputtering through electroplated microshadow mask. PDMS micro chamber was fabricated by mold casting technique with SU-8 mold. Fabricated PDMS micro chamber and QCM sensor array were attached together for using in flow-injection system. In our experiment, the QCM electrodes were coated with the carboxylic poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-COOH) and then the carboxylic group was activated with carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-hydroxylsuccinimide (NHS) for protein binding. The scanning electron micrograph shown the trapped protein on the modified sensing layer, it confirmed that our QCM sensor and PDMS micro chamber can be used as QCM biosensor array. This new QCM sensor array provide possibility of multiple detection in small amount of sample within a single quartz crystal substrate that avoid the error signal from the different properties of each sensor in an array.

关键词： Sensor arrays Biosensors Fabrication Sensor systems Electrodes Proteins Chromium Gold Sputtering Casting

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Component analysis-based unsupervised linear spectral mixture analysis for hyperspectral imagery

Component analysis-based unsupervised linear spectral mixtur...

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Workshop on Hyperspectral image and Signal processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing, WHISPERS

作者： Xiaoli Jiao Yingzi Du Chein-I Chang Remote Sensing Signal and Image Processing Laboratory Department of Computer Science & Electrical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore MD USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue School of Engineering and Technology Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Indianapolis IN USA Department of Electrical Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan

One of the most challenging issues in unsupervised linear spectral mixture analysis (LSMA) is how to obtain unknown knowledge of target signatures referred to as virtual endmembers (VEs) directly from the data to be processed. This issue has never arisen in supervised LSMA where the VEs are either assumed to be known a priori or can be provided by visual inspection. With the recent advent of hyperspectral sensor technology many unknown and subtle signal sources can be uncovered and revealed without prior knowledge. This paper addresses this issue and develops a component analysis-based unsupervised LSMA where the desired VEs can be extracted by component analysis-based transforms directly from the data to be processed without appealing for prior knowledge. In order to substantiate the utility of the proposed approach extensive experiments are conducted for demonstration.

关键词： image analysis Spectral analysis Hyperspectral imaging Independent component analysis Personal communication networks Inspection Statistics Signal analysis Hyperspectral sensors Principal component analysis

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Brain Tissue Classification Using Independent Vector Analysis (IVA) for Magnetic Resonance image

Brain Tissue Classification Using Independent Vector Analysi...

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IEEE Symposium on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering (BIBE)

作者： Yaw-Jiunn Chiou Hsiang-Min Chen Jyh Wen Chai Clayton Chi-Chang Chen Yen-Chieh Ouyang Wu-Chung Su Ching-Wen Yang San-Kan Lee Chein-I Chang Department of Electrical Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Department of Radiology College of Medicine China Medical University and Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Radiology Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Radiological Technology Central Taiwan University of Science and technology Taichung Taiwan Computer Center Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung Taiwan Remote Sensing Signal and Image Processing Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore MD USA

The purpose of this study is to present a new method, independent vector analysis (IVA), by extending independent component analysis (ICA) of univariate source signals to multivariate source signals on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). IVA is utilized to relief the limitation of the conventional ICA approach. The proposed method can resolve the permutation problem during individual ICA runs for group brain MR images. The proposed IVA method in conjunction with support vector machine (SVM), we can effectively separate the different part of gray, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from brain soft tissues. In order to demonstrate the proposed IVA-SVM method, experiments are conducted for performance analysis and evaluation. Simulation results show that using IVA can greatly release from the problem cause from traditional ICA to the situation of analyzing inconsistent results of MR image.

关键词： Brain image analysis Magnetic analysis Magnetic resonance Independent component analysis Magnetic resonance imaging Support vector machines Signal analysis image resolution Signal resolution

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Tangible augmented user interface for interactive simulation of the jaw motion

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Journal of Information and Computational Science 2008年第5期5卷 2071-2076页

作者： Ji, Lianen Lu, You Zhang, Fengjun Department of Computer Science and Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Laboratory of Human-Computer Interaction and Intelligent Information Processing Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

This paper presents a novel 3D interactive system for simulation and visualization of the human jaw motion. Based on the visual tracking technique, teeth plaster cast and marker cards is used for manipulating virtual teeth model and controlling the simulation of jaw motion. Through introducing their interactive semantic attributes, these physical interface elements are classified into various interaction types. Furthermore, various interaction tasks and techniques are seamlessly merged into a uniform interface framework, which integrates physical space with virtual space together. This innovative 3D interface can effectively exploit the dentist's existing skills and provide more intuitive and natural 3D interaction techniques than traditional ones. 1548-7741/Copyright © 2008 Binary Information Press October 2008.

关键词： Augmented reality

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Improved taboo search algorithm for designing DNA sequences

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第5期18卷 623-627页

作者： Kai Zhang a, Jin Xu a,b, Xiutang Geng a, Jianhua Xiao a, Linqiang Pana, a The Key laboratory of image processing and Intelligent Control, department of Control Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and technology, Wuhan 430074, China b School of Electronic Engineering and computer Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China The Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control Department of Control Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Peking University Beijing 100871 China

The design of DNA sequences is one of the most practical and important research topics in DNA computing. We adopt taboo search algorithm and improve the method for the systematic design of equal-length DNA sequences, which can satisfy certain combinatorial and thermodynamic constraints. Using taboo search algorithm, our method can avoid trapping into local optimization and can nd a set of good DNA sequences satisfying required constraints.

关键词： DNA computing Taboo search algorithm DNA sequence design

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Modelling with relational calculus of object and component systems - RCOS

Modelling with relational calculus of object and component s...

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作者： Chen, Zhenbang Hannousse, Abdel Hakim Van Hung, Dang Knoll, Istvan Li, Xiaoshan Liu, Zhiming Liu, Yang Nan, Qu Okika, Joseph C. Ravn, Anders P. Stolz, Volker Yang, Lu Zhan, Naijun International Institute for Software Technology United Nations University China Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau Department of Computer Science Aalborg University Denmark Lab. of Computer Science Institute of Software CAS China National Laboratory for Parallel and Distributed Processing China

ISBN: (纸本)3540852883

This chapter presents a formalization of functional and behavioural requirements, and a refinement of requirements to a design for CoCoME using the Relational Calculus of Object and Component Systems (rCOS). We give a model of requirements based on an abstraction of the use cases described in Chapter 3.2. Then the refinement calculus of rCOS is used to derive design models corresponding to the top level designs of Chapter 3.4. We demonstrate how rCOS supports modelling different views and their relationships of the system and the separation of concerns in the development. © 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

关键词： Calculations

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image-Filtering Techniques for meteorological radar

Image-Filtering Techniques for meteorological radar

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IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE)

作者： O. Raaf A. Adane Faculty of Electronics and Computer Science-Telecommunication Department-Laboratory of Image Processing and Radiation University of Science and Technology of Algiers Bab-Ezzouar Algeria

The images collected by meteorological satellites and radars are often infected by noise due to the environment, the data acquisition devices and the transmission system used. These images carry information about weather, which must be cleared up. In general, the filtering techniques applied to scrambled images aim at giving them a better visual aspect. In the case of meteorological radar images, such techniques are usefully employed to separate the atmospheric echoes from the ground clutter. Most radars equipping the meteorological stations are non coherent and then especially designed to estimate the amount of precipitations falling in the observed region. In this paper, the images collected by 5.6 GHz non coherent radar in the region of Setif (Algeria), are processed so as to keep the rainfall echoes unchanged and eliminate the ground ones. For this purpose, two filtering techniques are utilized, which respectively consist in computing the textural features of these images and masking the ground echoes. The textural approach is implemented by using an analysis window of 7times7 pixels. The radar echoes are then filtered by using either energy or homogeneity. The masking method is based on the selection of clear sky images among a sequence of radar data collected during a sufficiently long period of time. The template of the relief of the region under study is built by averaging all the clear sky images. To get only the rainfall echoes, the resulting mask is applied to each of the original radar images and the filtering is improved by removing the residual clutter with the help of median filter and shape detection. All these filters are found to be accurate enough for meteorological uses.

关键词： Meteorological radar Radar imaging Meteorology Filtering Clutter Filters Satellites Working environment noise Data acquisition image texture analysis

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